Vi BAN VAN HOG VOI VIEG DAY NGA! Ne @ TRUGNG PHO THONG NGUYEN TH) TU LINH* Abstract: It can not be dented that literature and ianguage are the two aspects which are inseparable (Meanwhile, the survey on the situation of foreign lariguage (eaching in some schools in Hanoi has shown the literature door for these students has been lef. open. Kecognizing the role and benefits of the literary works in foreign languages in foreign language teaching. + propose a nuiniber of ways to exploit this kind of writing in foreign language curricula at high schools |-vel in Vietnare Keywords: literature, language. high schools leve! foreign language teaching 4. Tinh hinh day hoc ngoai ngif tal mat so trudng phé théng hién nay Nam 2014, nghién cinrviée day vahocngoaingtt tai mOt$6 trudng phé thong trén dia ban TP. Ha NOI bang phuong phap’khdo sat - thye nghigm (Truéng Trung hoe ph6 théng (THPT) Chuyén ngoai nod, Truong Baihgc Ngddingit-Baihoo Quéc gia Ha Néi Trying THPT N i cs > Tho; Tred 32 gido vin (@' han thay, vib can theo hinh thie gi thude dang dién ty, tr ‘cau don Ié hogc doan van Ah duge hdi (66,3%) cam thay 663 lugng kign thiic 46 s6 phaihoc th nang gidi may nghia biév dat ban. V6 hinh chung, ngoai ng! hocthugcléng, céng thie, ngén twang khé khan, kho tiép cn. Thém vao d6, ndi dung hé théng sch giéo khoa cchuta duge cép nhatthudng xuyén. Duge dua vao st dung tiindm 2006, cho dén nay, m3tsdn6 GEXA HG, _Néunhu vigesi?dung cas técptdin van hee kis ala tac ei v jy hoe ngoain Nam, thi vai ngoai trong v (Thdng 10/2015) ————_—_ nnd lé d THPT. Dang tiép c&n nay thudng bi col h6, da cach trd v8 ngén ngi van phong cia hod han ché vé trinh d9 cua GV phé thong Mang ‘van hoc nude ngoai thi trong sach gido khoa-¢én'chiém mt vi tri kha Khiém tn. Cac tich doan cua cae tac gia duong daihoan toan vang bong Mét sO var-ban van hgc nude ngoai duge dua vao teu hit de fen th ed toan bé tac ph in hc hign dai, cdc téc phim thai ki nay 6 motb4 phan! do chung trinh day ela minh mé n9o{12,5% soGV dug khdo st) v 1g kuong téc phd vn hgc nude nga Naif van cn kigm tén so voi khe tang ké, day du 18 cde tac par ra nhigu van Ge 9 Khao sat var thude, Mac 68 vay, khi hei goal mgit-Dai hoc Que gia Ha Neicdc em van theo hinh thie tu phat. Lich hoc day dc, nhiéu em doc ngay trong ode gid hoe. Bam mé doc v6 tinh bi nhin véi hinh anh xu. 2. Lot ich ti vige dua téc phém van hoc tiéng ban ngif vo chuong trinh day hc ngoai ng & truéng phé théng 2.1, Vénngén ngif. Phuong phap nay gitip céc em tiép cén ng6n ngi trong chinh thé, nguyén géc. Theo Roman Jakobson, trong Tuyén tp téng quan ngén ngi hoe, ban chat cita van hoc a ngén ngit (1; 213). Vi vay, doc van hoc ciing ld qué trinh tip xue kién thu vé tt:vung, ngiphap trong béi canh si'dung, trénh vichoe don '6nghia ty, dr ae niu nham, sai léch trong sttdung. HS cam nha rénétvé dep ngén git dui ngéi bit clia céc nha yan, Boe tac pham trong tng thé cho phép céc em‘nhift ra soi day. ién kétxauchudi “olin kétvan ban 16 nét cho nguét: éivdicdc dp chuyén ng, hinh thi naycho HS. ‘g6c nhin phan bién vénhimg tac phém da duge dich va cong bé trén thi trvdng, Bidu nay kich thich cac em ¢ trinh dé’khé nang lye cam thy va phan bigh tcélgicho cc HS disdu nghién ctu vé agén ngitsau nay. 2.2. Vé vin héa, Phuong hap nay gép phén kich thich, dinh huéng van héa doo. Ban chat cla Vigo lam nay la két hop gia sd thich cd nhan va n6i dung bai hoe, giip gid bét cdm gide gid hoc kha ccimg, xa roi ngudi hoc -trung tm ca qua trinh do tao, béi ngudi hoc cém thay sé thich clla ban than duge ton trorig, quan tam. Néi cach khac, day la mat kénh giao tiép hitu higu gia GV va HS. Bay cing lA mét hudng tiép cn vdi cdc van dé mang tinh thdi su'trén thé gidi, qua lang kinh olla cac nha van dong dai, & bude chuan bi cho cae em dén gidi. Béi hon bao gid hét, van hoo rat gén gGivoitriét hoc. HS bat kip xu huéng thoi dai, iép can duge tinh than, van hda thi tiéng minh hoc, bai técphém van hoc nao ciing luén duge dattrong phong nén van héa cy thé, digu nay trang bi cho HS kién thifo van héa cla nude ban dia, rt edn thiét cho cde em sau nay. Thai d6 cla HS v6i mon Nod van, nhu 64 néu trén, dat ra nhiéu thach thie voi ing day mén hoc nay. Khi dua tac phéim van hoc bang tiéng nude ‘ngoai vao chuang trinh hoe ngoai ngi, déng thai vai viée cung cap cho c&c em méthinh thuctiép can van ban dudi géc d6 ngén ngi, khoa hoo ma khong khd ja van ban, tu-d6 hinh thanh pai khan, ngudi day da gdp phn nang cao kha nang cam thy van hoe, kich thich kha nding tich cue, sang tgo dcac em. Titmhan dinh trén, ching t6i dé xudt métphuong php day - hoc ngoaingi7es thé gidi quyét doc phan nao nhiing bat cap da néu, dé la vie dua tac pha. van hge bang tiéng ban ngif vo chuang trinh hoc ngoaingid truéng phé théng. 3.Van dung dua tac pham van hoc bang tiéng ban ngit véo chuong trinh hoc ngoai ngt 6 truéng phé thong C6 ¥kién cho rang, cho rng phucng phap nay rat khd ap Gung rong rai cho tat c4 déi tugng ¢THCS va THPT, thing t6inh§n thay digu nay chua hop fi. Bai '6.qua, thao sét, ching 16i nhan thay xu huéng tim ac phéim go dude mét bd phan khéng nho emiag hd. Trong ca ba giai doan trudc - trong - = Sau:dg¢. $Y gid vai trd quan trong trong dinh hudng, goi méthuzéng khaithéc 6 HS. 3.1, Trude hét, GV tro gip cac em trong viée lap danh Sach tac pham sé doc. Cac em duge ty do dangjkitéc pham minh mun kham pha. Nhiing em cénking ting trong chgn sach, GV chuain bj mét 6 tac phéim cho cdc em tham khdo. Di vdi nhiing téc phém;d6 s, cde nha xuat ban nudengoai huang cho ra.nhiing an pham la cdc hinh thttc rit gon, don gidn héa, danh cho cae cép dé ngudihgc khdcnhau, chang han nhu tiéu thuyét kinh dién cla nha van guéi Phap Hector Malot duge chuyén thé thanh sch danh cho nguéi doc 6 trinh d6 dan gin, yeu cau vén t-vyng dmc 900-1500 tir. Voi kinh nghiém_ Jam viée'véi ngén ngd nhiéu nam cia minh, GV cé thé tim hiéu, su tém, cung c&p cho HS hé théng sch xuatban énuéc ngoaitheo hinh thiic nay. Chua 6, nhigu nguy€n téc truyén ngéén duong dai cé n4i dung ngéin, dan gidn vé mat ngén ngd, gidu o6 vé mat finghia, lé m6t nguén tu iu ma cdc em hon ton 06 thé trinhan ma kh6ng qua kh khan, Ngoai ra, hé théng séch “ban chay nhét cé thé métlya chon thi vi ddi véiHS. 3.2. Giai doan doc va xititéc phém, GV phat hiéu doc, huong dan céc em viia doc vila khal thae van ban 6.cac diém sau trén phiéu: i, = Ngudi ké chuyén: Xéc dinh dude ngudi ké chuyén’cho phép HS hiéu tac phém dugc loc qua lang kinh nao: nguéiké chuyén déng nhatvéinhan nan vat hay ding ngoal nhan vat. ngudi ké chuyn ld cai nhin xuyén suét cau Al Tap chi Giao dye $6 DAC BIET : (Thang 10/2015)chuyén, nén day la yéu t6 dau tién gidp cat nghia tac phém. + Tivung: GV yéu cau cdc em tim cdo trudng tu vung, Day lala bude d8 céc em lam giduv gip cdc em cé thém "manh md? gidi ma tac pham. - V6 oti phap: CU phap la mot van dé twong 461 rong, GV yéu céu cdc em tap trung tim hidu mat sé khia canh nhat dinh, nhu thi, théicila dng tu duge str dung va ¥ nghia, hoae cdc dai tt quan hé - Vé nip diéu céu:B8 dai, ngan cla cau cing la méttrong nhing céng cy thé hién y 6 téc gi can huéng ca tae phém. B6i vai thé loai tho, diéu nay ccang can thidt. = Vé bién phép tu tz Phat hign nhng bién php so ssanh, an dy, hoan dy, nhan hda...1 mét cdch phat hién vé dep nghé thuat’ofing rihuthéng diép cia tacpham. _.. Luu §, myc tiéu cudi cling la hoe. ngoal ngi, tac pham vanhgc ei cngicy dé cab em tgp cénfigon nat géc. Chinh vi véy, bén canh vide khalthée tac ph&m qua nhing khia canh co ban cia ngén ngit bang cach sif dung nhiing céng cy van ban, nham rn yen cde kinang hinh thai ct php, tu tthe, GV cn trénh yéu céu cdc em qua diséu yao rihiing khi nigm chuyén mén van hoc, gay Kho khan khéng céin thiétcho HS, nhatla véinhiing em c6thién hudng cac Quatrinh sau doc, GV c6 nhiéu huéng xu i 19 ndiva vietstrinh bay ming (thao luan nhé trong Idp hoe) hoae qua van ban nhiing yéu té quan sét duge theo u dé phat bi8u suy nghi cia cdc em. Bai véi déityong HS kha ii, GV 06 thé gol cho cac em cde huéng di sau doc: dé xuat phuong an dich, hoc bién dich cac tac phdm chua co mat tai Vist Nam (theo nhém -ho&e canhan), 4. Tong pham vi bai vil, ching t6 chon khong gian trong tuyén tap truyén ngan Mondo va nhifng cau chuyén khéocia Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio lam vidy cho huéng khai hac loaihinh téc phém van hocnuéc ngodics thé dua vao danh séch tham kno cho céc GV b6mén tiéng Phap dcp THCS va THPT. Sinh nm 1940, J.M.G. Le Clézio lé métnha van ngudi Phép. Nam 2008, 8ng duge Vien Han lam Thuy ign trao gidi Nobel Vn hoc. Nhiéu téc phém cua ‘6ng, dudivéboc ngén ngitgidn di, trong séng, nhung lai mang hoi thé cua thel dai, ham cha triét i nhan sinh sau sac. Mondo vanhting céu chuyén khéclamdttuyén tp bao gém 8 truyén ngan, ly nhan vatchinh cdo ‘em nhé khéng 1S nguén géc xuat than. Cam nhan nh hoe duéng ngétngat, td ting, ede em tim dn vai thign nhién, cam nha tr bién, néng, gidbing chinh nhing giéc quan cla minh Qua nhing cugc chay trdn thé gidi vat chat dé tim kiém hanh phic dich thy cla ede em nhé, téc gid mudi nhan nhi véinguoi dge nhing bat cap cla x hdihién daingay nay, déng thai gui gam mong ude, hi vong vio gidituci dep, v6 tu khéng toan tinh, khéng'én taibatbinh dang, noicon ngudiyéu thuong nhau va héa minh véithién nhién vi try. “Trong Mondo va nhiing céu chuyén khéi théing khong gian duge nha van xay dung céng phu, Nhdm Khai thae vé dep ngdn ngitva gid tri nhn van ‘mato gid gitigdm qua kh6ng gian nay, GV cothégai HS phan tich theo céc yéut 16: = Géc quan sat trong ca 8 truyén ngn; khong gian déu do nhan vat chinh ld nhimg dita tré lang thang chiém nguéng va cém nhan. Vi vay, khong gian hién lén qua lang kinh ngay tho, vd cting xinh dep, ld métngdi nha &m ap cla con ngudi ~ Cac loai hinh khéng gian dirge miéu ta: ngoai khéng gian thanh phd, truéng hoo, tac gid tap rung khde hoa khéng gian thién nhién hoang so (tei bién, sa mac, nang, gid, anh séng, muihyong, thé gidicén tring....). ~ Cuiphép:Bdiday la cau chuyén cla tré em, do tré em ké, nén cd phdp dan gin, cu van trong sng, tu ngi gidn di, dé hidu. Tac gid danh nhigu dung lugng dé miéu td, khong chi trong cét truyén, dong tu duge chia 6 thoi qua khu hua hoan thanh cchiém s6 lugng ldn. Day [a théi dc trung cia van miéu 8 trong qua kh. Tuy nhién, 6 2 chuyén “Coir xay nude’ va ‘Nguéi tre, tc glé su dung thai hien tai, ham t6 dm 49 chan thyc ca cam nhan vé vi try ca nhan vat, kéo gan ngudi dgc vai oGi nguén nguyén thiy ca con nguéi. - Nhip digu céu cham, nhm miéu ta c&n cénh, di sau khac hoa khéng gian. - Cae trudng tr vung chai yéu én quan dén thién nhién. Cée déng ti chi cdm gidc (nhin, nghe, cam nh) due st dung vi cutng dé rét in (612 ln) kb mot digu rétdac biét vei truyén ngén, thé loai vin cén c6 dong, sii tich. - Céc bién phép tu t(so sanh, an dy, hoan dy, nhan cach héa) durge sir dung day do. Bdi khéng continu (ate) Tap chi Giao duc 0 DAC BIRT | 155gian Guge nhin duoi con mat tre tha trd nen rat sinb donq. gian dan. khong chiu téc déng cua ythic, toan tinh con ngudi. GV gai ¥ cdc em doc va téng két theo cdc khia geda khong alan: che nang phan anh thue fay mach chuyén, chic nna big @ 12; tr 20), Tudo HS suy ra hiéu aud ki thuat * kndng gian. hay chinh Wald trindi dung ma 4 muén gufigém day, chue nang phan anh thyc té cua khéng gian knamonhat. boitéc gia khong mieu tamatkhéng gian co that én thyc #8. Khéng gian mang tinh bao Guat, mang nhiéu nét giéng vdi mét so dia diém that, ‘tumg khong ¢6 180 néng cu thé, hoaeden Mong co that. Didu nay khién dc gid luOn cam thay c@ minh trong tée,pham, khng gian khéng xa la ma: vortat camoinguol, Chuc nang thc day mach chuyén khong duoc chu trong, bot cde c&u chuyén khéng co s0.d6mach chuyén, machila nhing cugclanig thang lim’ Kiémt thé gidicdi nguén cua nhan vat chinh. Tae gia dé nhan vat ca minh tdi vdo khéng gian, cd mot tac pham la mét hanh tinh, khéng co mo day, that nuit, ai nut Tuy nhién, khéng gian duge xay dung la: mang am tinh biéu tugng. Tac gia chon su'dung diém nhin fa cac em nho bdi dng cho rang chi cd tam hén trong treo cua tre tho mdi o6 thé quay travé aia tr that, gia tri cdinguén ctia xa hdinguyén thuy, noima tung chitiét trong kh6ng gian déu hién ién lung linh, tuyét dep. heng gian duc xy dung khéng hé xa ri thyc 1S ma van la phéng nén bat ré vao nhiing van dé néng béng cla thé gidi hom nay: didn, nhap cu, bat binh dang. phan biét tang tgp x4 héi,.. Nhung khae véi nhigu tac gia duong thoi c6 cai nhin bi quan, truyén ngan cla Le Clézio cho thay mét niém tin tudng, lac quan olla tac gid vao thé gidi ngay mai - do i noi chénh ch x hoikhéng tén tai, ngué gap hoan cénh ko khan duge tin trong, banh vue (ai thuge tang ip nighéo khd, ld em bénhap cu, dia tré chan bd, em gai mu hay dn cud khu nha 6 chugtngoaivithanh pho van duge téc gid van nang niu, tru mén gan cdo em vdi nhing pham chat t6t dep, véi tam hén tinh té va bay bong, vdi mot niém tin vao cudc séng tét dep khdng thé dap tat). Voiyinghia nhan van sau sée, ngéntittrong sang, uong déi dé hiéu, Mondo va nhiing cau chuyén khacrat gan gui, phuhgp voila 1udiva von kién thie trong chuang trinh ngoai ngitciia HS THCS, THPT: vivay, tap truyén ngan nay hoén toa cé thé dua vao hing tiét hoe tiéng Phap dé tiét hoc thém phong phu, sinh déng, gitip cac em tich cue. ch dong hoc trong vide ngoai naif cing nhu kha néng cam nhan igén ngiinoi chung, Theo huéng ten, GV day ngoai nai o6 thé su dung métsé van baa tiéng ban ngirtham kndo trong tt hoc hu: Tiéng Phap: Déng truyén gign thé tu: nam kinh dién cia nha xuat ban CLE 6 cdc 10¢ tuy€n tap Lectures CLE en trancais Khéng gia dinh olla Hector Malot; Tiéng facile Anh: Miéng bit t8t (Jack London), Tran déu cuéi etingctia Arhur Conan Doyee...; Tiéng Due: Tschick cia Wolfgang Herndorf..: Tiéng Nga: Lam chua thatkho cua Arkady Strugatsky cua Boris Strugatsky (phién.ban gian luge danh cho ngudi méi-bat dau fhgc tiéng Nga trinh d6 A2), Nhiing bat cap cla vide day va hoc ngoaingirciing nhu nhting kho khan trong mén Ng van d mét so nha truéng phé thong hién nay doi hdingudi day pha tim ra ohucng an caithién tinh hinh nay. Can cutrén Inhuing ior ich khng thé phui nhan cua hoat déng doe cag tac pham van hoe bang tiéno nude ngoai dén ‘trinh d ngén ngu, kha nang cam thu van chuong va higu biét chung vé x héicua HS, baividimong muén aidithigu va chiing minh tinh khoa hoo, kha thivahiéu qua cua hoat déng su pham nay t6i de oid, nhat la céc GV day tiéng nude nude ngosi, nham gop phan mang dén ludng gié mdi cho nhing tiét hoc ngoal ngi, mang dén thém cho cc em niém dam mé, hig thiivaimén hoe nay. (1) Jakobson Roman, Essais de linguistique générale, Les éditions de Minuit, Tome 1: Les fondations du langage, 2003. (2) Evrard Franck. La nouvelle, Seuil, Paris, 1997. ‘Tai ligu tham khao 1. D6 Due Higu, Thi phap hign dai. NXB Hoi nha van, Hi 2000. 2. Phan Mau Ciinh - BS Thj Kim Lién - Nguyén Van Hanh - Binh Tri Dang. Nhung vain dé van hoe va ngon ngit hoc. NXB Dai hoc Qué gia Ha N¢i, 2004 3. Trdn Dinh Sit. Liman va phe binh vin he. NXB Hoi nha van, H. 1996. 4.1.M.G. Le Clézio, Mondo et autres histoires. NXB Gallimard, Prance.1978. 156| Tap chi jo duc SO DAC BIET (Théng 10/2016)