Entity-Relationship Model:The Entity Relational Model is a model for identifying entities to be

represented in the database and representation of how those entities are related. The ER data model specifies
enterprise schema that represents the overall logical structure of a database graphically

The entity can be classified into two basic categories, strong entity set and weak entity set. An entity set that
has a primary key is the strong entity set. An entity that doesn't have a primary key is a weak entity set

In DBMS, the degree of relationship is the number of entities that have taken part in the relationship

One-to-One Relationship:When only one instance of an entity is associated with the relationship, then it
is known as one to one relationship

One-to-many relationship:When only one instance of the entity on the left, and more than one instance
of an entity on the right associates with the relationship then this is known as a one-to-many relationship

Many-to-one relationship:When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and only one instance
of an entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a many-to-one relationship

Many-to-many relationship:When more than one instance of the entity on the left, and more than
one instance of an entity on the right associates with the relationship then it is known as a many-to-many
relationshi
There are some points for converting the ER diagram to the table:

• Entity type becomes a table

• All single-valued attribute becomes a column for the table

• A key attribute of the entity type represented by the primary key

• The multivalued attribute is represented by a separate table

• Composite attribute represented by components

• Derived attributes are not considered in the table

Generalization:Generalization is a process of generalizing an entity which contains generalized
attributes or properties of generalized entities. The entity that is created will contain the common
features. Generalization is a Bottom up process

Specialization

Specialization: is a process of identifying subsets of an entity that shares different characteristics.

It breaks an entity into multiple entities from higher level (super class) to lower level (sub class).
The breaking of higher level entity is based on some distinguishing characteristics of the entities in
super class

Aggregation

Aggregation: is a subset of association, is a collection of different things. It represents has a

relationship. It is more specific than an association. It describes a part-whole or part-of relationship.
It is a binary association, i.e., it only involves two classes. It is a kind of relationship in which the
child is independent of its parent.

Composition:The composition is a part of aggregation, and it portrays the whole-part

relationship. It depicts dependency between a composite (parent) and its parts (children), which
means that if the composite is discarded, so will its parts get deleted. It exists between similar
objects

Advantages

SIMPLE : It is simple to draw an ER diagram when we know entities and relationships.

EFFECTIVE : It is an effective communication tool.

EASY TO UNDERSTAND : The design of ER is very logical and hence they are easy to design and
understand.They show database capabilities like how tables, keys and columns are used to find a
solution to the given question.

INTEGRATED : The ER Model can be easily integrated with relational model.

USEFUL IN DECISION MAKING : Since some of the entities in the database are analyzed by an ER-
Diagram, So by drawing an ER-Diagram we come to know what kind of attributes and relationship
exist between them