PRACTICE SET: APPLICATION ON DERIVATIVES CLASS XII(041)

(Rate of Change of Quantities, Increasing & decreasing funs and Maxima & Minima)

( )
π
1. Show that the function given by f(x) = sin x is strictly decreasing in , π
2

( )
2. Show that the function f(x) = log |cos x| is strictly decreasing in 0 ,
π
2
3. Show that f(x) = (x – 1) ex + 1 is an increasing function for x > 0.
4. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = x – sin x in [0, 2π] is increasing or
decreasing.
5. Find the rate of change of volume of a cone of constant height with respect to radius of the base.
6. Radius of a variable circle is changing at the rate of 5 cm/s. What is the radius of the circle at a
time when its area is changing at the rate of 100 cm2/s?
7. Find the point on the curve y = x2, where the rate of change of x-coordinate is equal to the rate
of change of y-coordinate.
8. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in circles at a speed of 5 cm per second.
At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area
increasing?
3
9. A balloon which always remains spherical has a variable diameter (2x + 1). Find the rate of
2
change of its volume with respect to x.
10. Prove that the function given by f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 100 is increasing in R.
11. Find the interval for which the function f(x) = cot–1 x + x increases.
12. It is given that at x = 1, the function f(x) = x4 – 62x2 + ax + 9 attains its maximum value on the
interval [0, 2]. Find the value of a.
13. The total cost C(x), associated with the production of x units of an item is given by C(x) = 0.02x3 +
4x2 + 1000. Find the marginal cost, when 5 items are produced.
14. For what values of x is the rate of increase of x3 – 5x2 + 5x + 8 is twice the rate of increase of x?
15. A spherical balloon is being inflated by pumping in 16 cm 3/s of gas. At the instant when balloon
contains 36π cm3 of gas, how fast is its radius increasing?
16. A particle moves along the curve 6y = x3 + 2. Find the points on the curve at which the y-
coordinate is changing 8 times as fast as the x-coordinate.
17. Find the least value of a such that the function f(x) = x2 + ax + 1 is strictly increasing on [1, 2].

18. Find whether the function is increasing or decreasing.

19. Find the maximum and minimum values, if any, of the function given by f(x) = | sin 4x + 3 |
2 3
20. A particle moves along the curve y = x +1. Find the points on the curve at which y-coordinate
3
is changing twice as fast as x-coordinate.
4 3
21. For which values of x, the function y = x4 – x is increasing?
3
22. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 5 cm/minute and the width y is
increasing at the rate of 4 cm/minute. When x = 8 cm and y = 6 cm, find the rate of change of
(a) the perimeter, and (b) the area of the rectangle.
23. Sand is pouring from a pipe at the rate of 12 cm3/s. The falling sand forms a cone on the
ground in such a way that the height of the cone is always one-sixth of the radius of the base.
How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when the height is 4 cm?
24. A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground,
away from the wall, at the rate of 2 cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the
foot of the ladder is 4 m away from the wall?
25. A man 1.6 m tall walks at the rate of 0.5 m/s away from a lamp post, 8 metres high. Find the
rate at which his shadow is increasing and the rate with which the tip of shadow is moving
away from the pole.
26. Gas is escaping from a spherical balloon at the rate of 900 cm3/s. How fast is the surface area,
radius of balloon shrinking when the radius of the balloon is 30 cm?
27. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm
per second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base?
3
28. Water is passed into an inverted cone of base radius 5 cm and depth 10 cm at the rate of
2
cubic cm/s. Find the rate at which level of water is rising when depth is 4 cm.
29. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17 in increasing or
decreasing.
1
30. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = x3 + 3 , x ≠ 0 is
x
(i) increasing (ii) decreasing
31. Find the values of x for which the function f (x) = [x(x – 2)]2 is an increasing function.

32. Find the intervals in which the function f given by is

(i) strictly increasing (ii) strictly decreasing.
33. Show that the function f given by f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x), x > 0 is always strictly increasing

( π4 ) .
function in 0, 0 ,

34. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = (x – 1)(x + 2)2 is strictly increasing or
strictly decreasing.
35. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = sin4x + cos4x is strictly increasing or
strictly decreasing in interval [0, π ].
36. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = sin x + cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, is strictly
increasing or strictly decreasing.

37. Prove that y =

4 Sinx
2+ Cosx ( )
π
−x is an increasing function of θ in 0 , .
2
4 Sinx−2 x−xCosx
38. Find the interval in which the function f(x) = , is strictly increasing or strictly
2+Cosx
decreasing in (0, 2π).

[ ]
39. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = sin 3x, x ∈ 0 ,
π
2
is (i) increasing (ii)

decreasing
40. Find the intervals in which the function f given by f(x) = 5x3/2 – 3x5/2, x > 0 is increasing or
decreasing
x 2
41. Find the local maxima and local minima, if any of the function given by f(x) = + , x>0
2 x
42. Find the local maximum and the local minimum values, if any, for the function f(x) = sin 2x – x,
π π
in – ≤ x ≤ . Also indicate the points at which local maximum and local minimum exist.
2 2
43. Find the local maxima and local minima, if any of the function f, given by f(x) = x√ 1−x , x<1.
44. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function f given by f(x) =
sin2x – cos x, x ∈ [0, π].
WORD PROBLEM: MAXIMA & MINIMA
45. An open tank with a square base and vertical sides is to be constructed from a metal sheet so
as to hold a given quantity of water. Show that the cost of the material will be the least when
the depth of the tank is half of its width.
 46. A wire of length 28 metres is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a
circle and the other into a square. What should be the length of the two pieces so that the
combined area of the square and the circle is minimum?
47. Show that the height of the right circular cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in
h
a given right circular cone of height h is .
3
2 2
x x
48. Find the area of the greatest isosceles triangle that can be inscribed in a given ellipse 2 + 2 = 1
a b
with its vertex coinciding with one extremity of the major axis.
49. A point on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is at distance a and b from the sides. Show
that the maximum length of the hypotenuse is (a2/3 + b2/3)3/2.
50. A given quantity of metal is to be cast into a half cylinder with a rectangular base and
semicircular ends. Show that in order that total surface area is minimum, the ratio of length of
cylinder to the diameter of its semicircular ends is π : (π + 2).
51. Show that the semi-vertical angle of a right circular cone of given total surface area and
1
maximum volume is sin–1 .
3
52. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be constructed so that
its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3. If building of tank costs 70 per sq metre for the base
and 45 per sq metre for sides, what is the cost of least expensive tank?
53. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the perimeter
of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of
the window.
54. Find the altitude of a right circular cone of maximum curved surface which can be inscribed in
a sphere of radius r.
55. Show that volume of greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height h and semi
4 3
vertical angle α is πh tan2 α.
27
56. If the length of three sides of a trapezium other than the base are equal to 10 cm, then find the
maximum area of the trapezium.
57. A jet of an enemy is flying along the curve y = x2 + 2. A soldier is placed at the point (3, 2). What
is the nearest distance between the soldier and the jet ?
58. A square tank of capacity of 250 cu metres has to be dug out. The cost of land is 50 per sq
metre. The cost of digging increases with the depth and cost for the whole tank is 400
(depth)2 rupees. Find the dimensions of the tank for the least cost.
59. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of
2R
radius R is . Also find the maximum volume.
√3
60. A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top by cutting a square
from each corner and folding up the flaps to form a box. What should be the side of the square
to be cut off so that the volume of the box is maximum? Also find the maximum volume.
CASE STUDY:
61. A given quantity of metal sheet is to be cast in to an open tank with a square base and vertical sides as
shown. Where x be the side of base square and y be the vertical side.

Answer the following based on above information:

(a) If V represent the volume of tank, then find relation between V, x and y
(b) Find the total area of tank, expressed as function of x
(c) Find x, when total surface area of tank is minimum
(d) Represent the relation in y and x, so that the area is minimum.
(e) If volume of tank is 1024 cm3. The material for bottom cost ₹ 5 per cm2 and material for sides cost ₹ 2.50
per cm2, then find the value of x so that cost is minimum.
62. The Relation between the height of the plant (y in cm) with respect to exposure to sunlight is governed by the

following equation y = 4x – where x is the number

of days exposed to sunlight. [CBSE Question Bank]

(a) The rate of growth of the plant with respect to sunlight is ______ .
(b) What is the number of days it will take for the plant to grow to the maximum height?
(c) What is the maximum height of the plant?
(d) What will be the height of the plant after 2 days?
(e) If the height of the plant is 7/2 cm, the number of days it has been exposed to the sunlight is ______ .
63. P(x) = –5x2 + 125x + 37500 is the total profit function of a company, where x is the production of the
company.

(a) What will be the production when the profit is maximum?

(b) What will be the maximum profit?
(c) Write the interval in which the profit is strictly increasing.
(d) When the production is 2 units what will be the profit of the company?
(e) What will be production of the company when the profit is ₹ 8250?
64.

65.