«i 3 MARKS seer ; gr ne os twee: elerat ~ relation acceleration due to gravity (g) and gravitatio; c™ a i ! In the figure, - o™ Mis the mass of the earth, Z m is the mass of the body, — M Ris the radius of the earth - From Newton’s law of gravitation, we have 7 - os But F = weight ~ mg ~= i) -= ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (For CET and understs ect) ~~, 1) From the above equation it is clear that the value of « g'.is independent of; the mass of the ° aa body. There fore if two bodies of different masses are.allowed to fall freely in the vacuum, om {not in-air) from the same height, they will reach the.carth simultancously. To verify this: > fact Newton evacuated a wide glass tube.and released a coin anda piece of feather of bird = and found ‘that, both reached the bottom ‘experiment ‘is’ ‘as + coin and feather experiment of Newtonsw "i(k UE, ACERT AS " CSR | 2 tewe bodies of diferent masses are sllawed ‘ait, the force of ‘viscous force comes into effect. This causes Hiflerent accelerations in ~~! different masses and heavier body reaches the ground emrliér. *. » he S| 3) The above equation holds on the surface of any planet of radius R and ‘ jowhwards with nearly uniform ‘a body, is dropped from a height, it falls 4) Whesi a body, is droppe nab fa peal cowhnperds wit gs mn celeration. It’ is same for .all bodies ir sof Ps ‘ certeratign: It is sams "Gin io: due, 0 the: pratatonal pull of the earth This a : eatloation is’ called acceleration’duc to: gravity. It ie represented by the letter g. It is always directed towards the center of the earth, ‘shown that the acceleration duc Jo gra In the figure, ‘Ais a point at height hh from the surface of the earth, B_ is the point on the surface of the earth, C is the centre of earth, M is the mass of the earth , R_ is the radius of the earth ‘Acceleration due to gravity at the point A is given by, GM 1 BT where G = universal gravitational constant.ug? As 1 o™ <. gelation between acceleration due to gravity (g) and gravitatio: o* 3 MARKS !: In the figure, - 3 lS M is the mass of the earth, ~ m is the mass of the body, -™ M Ris the radius of the earth ‘ ~ From Newton's law of gravitation, we have ~ GMm : . ar Pp ~ But F=weight=mg mg - SOE ~ ~ OM 5 me Ss ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (For CET-and understi OG ris the above equation it is clear that: value oi | S = vithe force of buoyancy s viscous force comes into effect. This, ee ctlerallons in the’ two peace of | e different masses and heavier body reaches the ground : i 3) The above equation holds on the eee one Plan 4) Wheri a dropped from a it : b] ? Seseciee #2 te ae } size, ee eramiational ‘pull'of! the earth, nee directed towards the center of the. 5) Itcani be shown that the acceleration due i ‘era “times that ‘on'the earth surface. i.e’ g) Derive the expression for acceleration due to gravity at a point above the surface of theearth 5 MARKS in the gure, Agge-By Ais a point at height h from the surface of the earth, B is the point on the surface earth, C is the centre of earth, hi M is the mass of the earth , R_ ig the radius of the earth Acceleration due to gravity at the point A is given by, eT Rep where G = universal gravitational constant.surface of the earth is given PY + ‘Acceleration due to gravity on Om . oR Qs (R+h? OM RY ere dg + = 2 (ee8)" go (AS nae ce R, ing higher order terms, (On expanding above equation using Binomial theorem and neglecting : weet ey = e522) pprenmate erm a i NOTE, (RY Consider tne equation, sy ~ (5) : From above equation, it is found that the acceleration due to gravity decreases as height R wa When h= 5, then gy~ 58. Derive the expression for acceleration due to gravity at a point below the surface of , the earth 5 MARKS In the figure, A is a point on the surface of the earth, B isthe point ata depth d from the surfe ont = C is the centre of earth, a M is the mass of the earth of radius R with Mis the mass of shaded earth of raat, he Polat 8 portion of the A Acceleration due to gravity at the point An ne Tatts (Red). oM aoe + 3 | = el el ol oa o o q :‘Aeceleration due to gravity on surface of the earth is given PY» Days = tele 2) 8 (R+hy GM aw w - (es) : (eee) &.7 Bip 2 oe and neglecting higher order terms, On expanding above equation using Binomial theorem 2) (approximate formula) 2 we get, eee te get, Bn 7 BUN NOTE 2 Consider the equation, Bn ~ (es) the acceleration due to jecreases a8 height tt is found that gravity de From above equation, increases. Derive the expression for acceleration due to gravity at @ point below the surface of 5 Ane earth 5 MARKS A a 4 In the figure, ‘A is a point on the surface of the earth, 5. is the point ata depth d from the surface of the C is the centre of earth, earth, earth of radius R with respect to the point A. M is the mass of the Mis the mass of shaded portion of the earth of radius (R-d) Niceleration due to gravity at the point A GM ->(2) where G ~ universal gravitational constant. g°ar R?ital speed of earth’s satellites | Ovpital Sh is the velocity of revolutio a satellite for orbital speed of earth’s sat! | expression for orbital sp: ape M roe ‘a satellite | Im the figure, ; Vo is the orbital speed of the satellite of mass m i. h is the height of the satellite from the surface of the earth, Ris the radius of the earth, > is the distance between the centre of the earth and the satellite. In this case, Centripetal force = gravitational force. mv? _GMm 5 F Fa em r vy GM sore Rth R+h If the satellite is revolving very close to the surface of earth, then h.can be neglected Me eR The orbital velocity is independent of mass of satellite. Gravitational fleld: It is the region in which a particle experiences gravitational force | Gravitational potential energy 2 The gravitational potential energy at a point.j : | done in displacing the particle from infinity to that point» es stional field is the work Expression for gravitational potential energy vee Ad AARA REED 5 MARKS uneaeea RADAR‘| Inthe ETE, ine mass of the earth ( in general any huge body) Mie ti, mass of the particle placed at the Point Ay centre of the earth, ’ ¢ is the radius of the earth , F js the point at a distance from the centre of the earth, A and “Pare the two pointe separated by small distance dx, A antine distance between the earth and the particle, law of gravitation, the force between the.earth and particle is given by Fe our >t) 6 a bddda i a6 From Newton's hed: Work done in displacing the particle from A to Bis, dW = F x dx--->(2) 35 Equation (1) in (2}> dW = oe dx —>(3) Work done in displacing the particle from x=@ to xed 4 w= faw we jm ax Ss its SS we oum| sax SS 72a 3 we ont] q x Ss neat W= -GMm |=-= —< mle =| t= — — w. - pe : ; vo | d Work done in displacing the particle from ~ « to 3+ = quriace on easement w. oun” aN B This work done is equal to the gravitational potential energy where negative sign indicates that the work is consti he gravitee ; al any huge body) earth (in gener tA es Oy ape ase pate paced at PDE nee mate of the earthy 4 } ; e earth, i" & iste ra of Ujetance from the Ce ner dx, p isthe point M9 points separated wea particle ; and B ar stance between the bis 1 particle is given by ‘ itation, the force between the. ae ; 1g law of grav , prom Newton's _ OM (1) ‘ F x ‘ 7 : from A to B is, in dieplacing the particle werk done in NPN qui = Fx x70) GMm sy ->(3) Bquation (1) in (2) aH stg e ‘ : cee to xed worke done in displacing the particle fom X= © 4 w= faw ae j GMm 4,’ = x’ sO aly w= GMm{ pe Seale | We omn{ =] } ta \ » Ws -GMm [3-4] y Mm 1 i ioe ee ; Work done in displacing the particle from x = @ to x= R (surface of the earth) we Mim” ‘ R : ‘This work done is equal to the gravitational potential energy pela y a Rome: : oe PE -U- -S8 ; ) where negative sign indicates that the work is done ky the — |o POON tr bebelbbbbbeebk Ee Eey >> Rema) __GMm AR+h) where negative sign indicates that the satellite is bound to the earth. Weightlessness In an artificial satellite revolving around the earth, the astronaut inside the satellite revolves with the s: speed in the same orbit. The earth’s gravitational pull it i eazy centripetal force. The astronaut does not exert a fort icle and he does not experience a reactional force. Hence be lift. Gravity for us vertical directions, and down. what is weightlessness? q bd “Weightlessness is the condition of zero weight. or the state in which the reaction on the body is absent. Itis