Curso 191419 Aula 03 0b19 Completo

Aula 03
PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de

Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)
Autor:
José Augusto Ferreira Souza de
Magalhães
20 de Fevereiro de 2022
04522201141 - Yasmin Paniago Barbosa

José Augusto Ferreira Souza de Magalhães
Aula 03
SIMULADO
Sumário
Questões...........................................................................................................................2
Gabarito..........................................................................................................................14
Questões comentadas........................................................................................................15
PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br
04522201141 - Yasmin
1429426Paniago Barbosa
Aula 03
QUESTÕES
The best time to prevent the next pandemic is now

https://www.who.int/news/item/01-10-2020-the-best-time-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-is-now-countries-join-voices-for-better-
emergency-preparedness
COVID-19 will not be the world’s last health emergency and there is an urgent need for
sustainable health emergency preparedness to deal with the next one.
This was the strong sentiment shared by participants of the United Nations General
Assembly side-event on ‘Sustainable preparedness for health security and resilience:
Adopting a whole-of-society approach and breaking the “panic-then-forget” cycle’. The
high-level virtual event was co-hosted by Finland, France and Indonesia, along with the
World Health Organization (WHO).
Past crises have shown that once an outbreak is under control, governments and donors
tend to turn their attention to other pressing concerns. This cycle of “panic-then-forget”
has prevented the development of effective health emergency preparedness across the
globe. The world needs to break this cycle once and for all.
This week, the world crossed a grim milestone with over a million lives lost to the
COVID-19 pandemic, and many more expected to have died from unprecedented
disruptions to the health systems.
“Over the years we have had many reports, reviews and recommendations all saying the
same thing: the world is not prepared for a pandemic. COVID-19 has laid bare the truth:
when the time came, the world was still not ready,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, in his opening address. He called for investing in
preparedness, with an all-of-government and all-of-society approach. “This will not be
the last pandemic, nor the last global health emergency. But with the right political and
financial investments now, we can advance health security, prevent and mitigate future
pandemics, and protect our future and the future of generations to come,” he said.
Countries spoke of their commitment to health emergency preparedness. “We know that
preparedness makes economic sense, and we have developed tools and models for multi-
sectoral cooperation. Learning from the pandemic and building on the previous progress
should guide our steps to strengthen Health Security and thus help achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals,” said Päivi Sillanaukee, Ambassador for Health and Wellbeing,
Republic of Finland.

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Aula 03
“There is an urgent need to leverage the response to COVID-19 to build, maintain and
strengthen sustainable public health capacities for emergency preparedness […] France
firmly believes that preparedness deserves to be placed much higher on the foreign policy
agenda and we are willing to foster cooperation among Member States to ensure the
continued visibility of this topic, whether here in Geneva or at the UNGA in New York,”
said Stéphanie Seydoux, Ambassador for Global Health, French Republic.
Health emergency preparedness is part of the larger vision of health for all. In her speech,
Indonesian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Retno L.P. Marsudi, reminded participants that
“the investment we must make at the national level now is ensuring affordable health care
for all. Let us ask ourselves, how many times have we heard of people denying themselves
of much needed medical health care due to costs.... The issue of affordable health care for
all is at the heart of Indonesia’s chairmanship of the Foreign Policy and Global Health
initiative.”
Also sharing their countries’ experience with COVID-19 were the Ministers of Health of
the Netherlands, Oman, Senegal and Singapore. Speaking to this issue as well were the
Coordinator of the Group of African Ambassadors in Geneva, and Germany’s Deputy
Director-General, Federal Foreign Office. The discussion was led by Ambassador Hasan
Kleib of Indonesia in Geneva.
Stressing the role of community empowerment was the President of the International
Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Mr Francesco Rocca.
He said his organization had learned from working with its network of responders in 192
countries that there is an urgent need to invest in preparedness at the community level, to
“promote humanitarian action to be as local as possible, as global as necessary […] We
call on governments, partners and donors to invest in preparedness at the community level
to save lives and alleviate suffering in the next inevitable emergency.”
The role of parliaments and the importance of a multisectoral approach was highlighted
by the Secretary-General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mr Martin Chungong. The
International Association of National Public Health Institutes, and the European
Commission’s Directorate General for Development and Cooperation emphasized the
important role played by partner organizations in country and global preparedness and
financing.
Mr Sami Kanaan, the Mayor of Geneva, stressed an all-of-society approach. “Local

governments must not only be provided with the means to implement policies. They also
need to be included in the international debates that eventually shape solutions to the
humanity’s most pressing challenges,” he said.
Closing the event, Dr Michael Ryan, Executive Director, WHO Health Emergencies
Programme, appreciated the participants’ remarks, and asked for them to be met with
sustained commitment to preparedness. “We cannot, cannot, cannot let the world forget
because the next one may not be anything but the worst one,” he said. “This (COVID-19)
may just be a harbinger of what may come, we are living with too much risk.”

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Aula 03
This event marked a crucial dialogue among countries, donors and partners on building
back better for future emergency preparedness during the current COVID-19 pandemic,
and beyond. It comes on the heels of the release of a sobering report by the Global
Preparedness and Monitoring Board that also called for urgent action in this area.
According to the report, investments in preparedness would only cost US$ 5 per person
annually, whereas the cost of this pandemic is already over US$ 11 trillion and counting.
According to the text, judge the following items:
1. The author states that COVID-19 will be the biggest pandemic of all time.
2. According to the author, all the nations were prepared for COVID-19.
Did Xi Jinping know about the coronavirus outbreak earlier than

first suggested?
Analysis by James Griffiths, CNN

Updated 1244 GMT (2044 HKT) February 17, 2020
Hong Kong (CNN)As the deadly novel coronavirus spread throughout China and the world last month, it was clear that something
had gone wrong.
Officials in Hubei, the province at the center of the outbreak, were blamed for
downplaying -- and potentially even deliberately covering up -- the severity of the virus,
ignoring evidence that it spread from person-to-person until it was too late.
Against this tale of irresponsibility there was another story being told in China, one of a
competent central government which had been denied the full picture by local officials,
and once it understood the true ramifications stepped in to take drastic action to stop the
virus' spread.
And indeed, there was a major shift on January 20, when Chinese President Xi
Jinping commented publicly for the first time on the virus, and ordered "resolute efforts"

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to control the outbreak. Speaking alongside Xi in Beijing a week later, World Health
Organization (WHO) director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus praised the "seriousness
with which China is taking this outbreak," and thanked Beijing for its "transparency."
Over the weekend, however, a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared
to throw doubt on this narrative, revealing Xi knew about and was directing the response
to the virus on January 7 -- almost two weeks before he commented on it publicly.
The revelation raises major questions about whether it was the central government, not
authorities in Hubei, who dithered on their response, allowing the virus to spread through
the country and eventually the world.
It also underlines the difficulty in maintaining Xi's image -- carefully cultivated by state
media -- as an almost omniscient ruler who oversees, and is aware of everything that is
happening in the country. With criticism growing of the failure to contain the coronavirus,
both at home and abroad, Beijing was faced with either choosing to admit that Xi was
ignorant of the true nature of the crisis until almost a month into it, or that he was aware
of it and involved in the response.
By choosing the latter option, however, no matter how much blame can be placed onto
provincial officials for failing to "implement" Xi's instructions, the government is
admitting that ultimate responsibility for the outbreak lies with the man at the center.
3. The purpose of the author is questioning when the president was aware of the
outbreak.
4. Based on the information provided by Text, mark the statements below as true (T) or
false (F).
( ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus
( ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese
President Xi Jinping
( ) the world media takes care of the image of the Chinese president

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Aula 03
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – T – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
5. The word highlighted in the phrase “were blamed for downplaying” can be replaced
by “understate”.
6. According to the text, the province of Hubei was blamed for downplaying.
7. The meaning of verb in the sentence “who oversees” is To look beyond
8. The pronoun highlighted in “one of a competent central government which had been
denied the full picture by local officials” refers to “Story”.
9. The word “virus” in the plural is written in the same way as “dress”.

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10. The word “latter” in “By choosing the latter option" is an adverb.
Overview of congressional power

Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of
Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each
House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for
creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of
powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some
of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted
Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the
Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.
Congress has authority over financial and budgetary policy through the enumerated
power to "lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and
provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States". There is vast
authority over budgets, although analyst Eric Patashnik suggested that much of
Congress's power to manage the budget has been lost when the welfare state expanded
since "entitlements were institutionally detached from Congress's ordinary legislative
routine and rhythm". Another factor leading to less control over the budget was
a Keynesian belief that balanced budgets were unnecessary.
The Sixteenth Amendment in 1913 extended congressional power of taxation to
include income taxes without apportionment among the several States, and without
regard to any census or enumeration. The Constitution also grants Congress the exclusive
power to appropriate funds, and this power of the purse is one of Congress's
primary checks on the executive branch. Congress can borrow money on the credit of the
United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin
money. Generally, both the Senate and the House of Representatives have equal
legislative authority, although only the House may originate revenue and appropriation
bills.
Congress has an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to
declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the
military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's
constitutionally defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the
process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from
Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American
War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military
move into Panama in 1903 did not get congressional approval. In the early days after
the North Korean invasion of 1950, President Truman described the American response
as a "police action". According to Time magazine in 1970, "U.S. presidents [had] ordered
troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149
times." In 1993, Michael Kinsley wrote that "Congress's war power has become the most
flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution", and that the "real erosion [of

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Congress's war power] began after World War II". Disagreement about the extent of
congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically
throughout the nation's history.
Congress can establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix
standards of weights and measures, establish Courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and
"make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the
foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of
the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof". Article Four gives Congress
the power to admit new states into the Union.
One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to investigate and
oversee the executive branch. Congressional oversight is usually delegated
to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power. Some critics have
charged that Congress has in some instances failed to do an adequate job of overseeing the
other branches of government. In the Plame affair, critics including Representative Henry
A. Waxman charged that Congress was not doing an adequate job of oversight in this
case. There have been concerns about congressional oversight of executive actions such
as warrantless wiretapping, although others respond that Congress did investigate the
legality of presidential decisions. Political scientists Ornstein and Mann suggested that
oversight functions do not help members of Congress win reelection. Congress also has
the exclusive power of removal, allowing impeachment and removal of the president,
federal judges and other federal officers. There have been charges that presidents acting
under the doctrine of the unitary executive have assumed important legislative and
budgetary powers that should belong to Congress. So-called signing statements are one
way in which a president can "tip the balance of power between Congress and the White
House a little more in favor of the executive branch", according to one account. Past
presidents, including Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W.
Bush, have made public statements when signing congressional legislation about how
they understand a bill or plan to execute it, and commentators, including the American
Bar Association, have described this practice as against the spirit of the Constitution.
There have been concerns that presidential authority to cope with financial crises is
eclipsing the power of Congress. In 2008, George F. Will called the Capitol building a
"tomb for the antiquated idea that the legislative branch matters".
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(www.wikipedia.com)
false (F).
( ) There is not an agreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power
regarding war

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( ) Congress does not have non-legislative functions
( ) over the years the congress has lost power to control over the budget
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
12. The pronoun highlighted in “Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have,
and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted
by Congress.” is a relative pronoun.
13. The word highlighted in “Congressional oversight is usually delegated
to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power” can be replaced,
without change in meaning, by the word “Ordinarily”.
14. In “federal judges and other federal officers”, the nouns “judges” and “officers” are,
respectively Masculine and Common gender

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The five: genetically modified fruit

New varieties created through genetic editing and engineering promise to beat disease,
and offer enticing new flavours
Tomatoes
It was reported this week that Brazilian scientists are hoping to create spicy tomatoes
using Crispr gene-editing techniques. Although tomatoes contain the genes for
capsaicinoids (the chemicals that give chillies their heat) they are dormant – Crispr could
be used to make them active. This is desirable because, compared to tomatoes, chillies
are difficult to farm – and capsaicinoids have other useful applications besides their
flavour – in pepper spray for example.
Bananas
The beloved banana is in peril. Photograph: Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters
Genetically edited bananas could be resistant to a disease known as “fusarium wilt” that
has been attacking plantations across the globe. Researchers at the Norwich-based startup
Tropic Biosciences are using gene-editing techniques to develop a new, more resilient
version of the fruit after securing £7.5m from investors.
Strawberries
Sweeter and even peach-flavoured strawberries are being worked on by US scientists
using Crispr techniques. Due to an EU court ruling last year, Crispr-edited foods will be
subject to the same regulation that has limited the planting and sale of genetically
modified crops. A major player in the development of Crispr crops is the agricultural
giant Monsanto.
Apples
The Arctic apple is a fruit engineered to resist browning after being cut. Currently they
are only available in the US – in golden, fuji and gala varieties – where they have been
given Food and Drug Administration approval. If approved in Europe, they would have
to be labelled as genetically modified. The manufacturers claim the main benefit is to
help cut down on food waste.
Papaya
The scientist Dennis Gonsalves developed the genetically modified Rainbow papaya,
which can defend itself from papaya ring spot disease by inserting a gene from the virus
into the fruit’s genetic code. The Rainbow papaya was introduced in 1992, and is credited
with saving Hawaii’s $11m papaya industry.
www.theguardian.com
15. According to the text, Capsaicinoids are not useful.

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Aula 03
16. In “This is desirable because” Desirable means “Recommendable”.
17. In “they would have to be labelled as genetically modified” the highlighted word is a
Verb.
Prince Harry’s upcoming series on mental health has involved visits to UK-based hospitals
and treatment centres, a charity has confirmed.
Combat Stress, which helps military veterans struggling with anxiety, depression, post-
traumatic stress disorder and other issues, said it had been involving in filming for the series
with Oprah Winfrey, to be broadcast on Apple TV later this year.
Meghan Markle is also thought to have been involved with the production.
The sixth-in-line to the throne has recently opened up about his struggles with mental
health, and revealed he needed counselling after the death of his mother, Princess Diana.
A spokesperson for Combat Stress confirmed the charity had been involved in filming, and
said that visits to UK-based hospitals and health centres have taken place.
The leading mental health charity has three treatment centres in Britain, based in Newport,
Shropshire, Hollybush, Ayr and Leatherhead, Surrey.
The charity's patron is Harry's father, Prince Charles. He launched the 'At Ease Appeal' last
year, which aims to raise £10million to help fund treatment for mental health and transform
how mental health services are delivered by 2022.
www.dailymail.co.uk
18. According to the text, Prince Harry will be admitted to a treatment center.
Caroline Flack, 'Love Island,' and the industry of outrage surrounding the star's death
London (CNN)
Much has been written about the circumstances that led to the death of the British
television presenter Caroline Flack on Saturday, despite little of substance being known
about them.

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Flack, the 40-year-old former host of the hit UK reality show "Love Island," died by
suicide at her northeast London apartment as she awaited trial for an alleged assault of
her boyfriend.
Mental health organizations urge against assuming a single factor in cases of suicide. But
reaction was nonetheless swift and often definitive.
Social media, the British press and the Crown Prosecution Service have all been blamed
for their treatment of the star, while celebrity well-wishers have been attacked for
hypocrisy and politicians have mooted a reform of the media.
Meanwhile, the same media cycle that aided Flack's rise to fame was condemned for
tearing her down in her final months, and many reacted with fury as tabloids like The Sun
moved swiftly to delete previous negative articles about the star.
What's clear is that the reverberations from the death of Flack, a longtime staple of
Britain's raucous tabloid press, are being widely felt -- with fundamental questions raised
about the symbiotic relationship between the media and today's television personalities.
For some commentators, the instant reactions were premature.
"When we experience the tragic loss of someone, we often look around for someone to
point the finger at," said Honey Langcaster-James, a television psychologist who has
consulted on on-set welfare for shows including "Love Island."
"We get consumed when someone dies in these circumstances by the question of why,
and of what could have been done... but the important thing is we don't speculate," she
told CNN.
But in death, as in life, fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation --
and it's highlighting the relentless industry of outrage that has both aided the rise of reality
television personalities and swarmed them in their lowest moments.
false (F).
( ) Flack died by suicide at her northeast London apartment after the trial for an alleged
assault of her boyfriend.
( ) Fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation.

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Aula 03
( ) The British press was supporting Flack before her suicide.
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
20. According to the text, Flack died by suicide at her apartment.
21. In “television”, the prefix “tele” means distance.
22. In “it's highlighting the relentless industry of outrage that has both aided the rise of
reality television personalities and swarmed them in their lowest moments” The
highlighted word is an Adverb.

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GABARITO
1. ERRADA
2. ERRADA
3. CORRETA
4. Letra B
5. CORRETA
6. ERRADA
7. ERRADA
8. CORRETA
9. CORRETA
10. ERRADA
11. Letra C
12. CORRETA
13. CORRETA
14. ERRADA
15. ERRADA
16. CORRETA
17. ERRADA
18. ERRADA
19. Letra A
20. CORRETA
21. CORRETA
22. ERRADA

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QUESTÕES COMENTADAS
The best time to prevent the next pandemic is now

https://www.who.int/news/item/01-10-2020-the-best-time-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-is-now-countries-join-voices-for-better-
emergency-preparedness
COVID-19 will not be the world’s last health emergency and there is an urgent need for
sustainable health emergency preparedness to deal with the next one.
This was the strong sentiment shared by participants of the United Nations General
==15cfb2==
Assembly side-event on ‘Sustainable preparedness for health security and resilience:

Adopting a whole-of-society approach and breaking the “panic-then-forget” cycle’. The
high-level virtual event was co-hosted by Finland, France and Indonesia, along with the
World Health Organization (WHO).
Past crises have shown that once an outbreak is under control, governments and donors
tend to turn their attention to other pressing concerns. This cycle of “panic-then-forget”
has prevented the development of effective health emergency preparedness across the
globe. The world needs to break this cycle once and for all.
This week, the world crossed a grim milestone with over a million lives lost to the
COVID-19 pandemic, and many more expected to have died from unprecedented
disruptions to the health systems.
“Over the years we have had many reports, reviews and recommendations all saying the
same thing: the world is not prepared for a pandemic. COVID-19 has laid bare the truth:
when the time came, the world was still not ready,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, in his opening address. He called for investing in
preparedness, with an all-of-government and all-of-society approach. “This will not be
the last pandemic, nor the last global health emergency. But with the right political and
financial investments now, we can advance health security, prevent and mitigate future
pandemics, and protect our future and the future of generations to come,” he said.
Countries spoke of their commitment to health emergency preparedness. “We know that
preparedness makes economic sense, and we have developed tools and models for multi-
sectoral cooperation. Learning from the pandemic and building on the previous progress
should guide our steps to strengthen Health Security and thus help achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals,” said Päivi Sillanaukee, Ambassador for Health and Wellbeing,
Republic of Finland.
“There is an urgent need to leverage the response to COVID-19 to build, maintain and
strengthen sustainable public health capacities for emergency preparedness […] France
firmly believes that preparedness deserves to be placed much higher on the foreign policy
agenda and we are willing to foster cooperation among Member States to ensure the

04522201141 - Yasmin
Aula 03
continued visibility of this topic, whether here in Geneva or at the UNGA in New York,”
said Stéphanie Seydoux, Ambassador for Global Health, French Republic.
Health emergency preparedness is part of the larger vision of health for all. In her speech,
Indonesian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Retno L.P. Marsudi, reminded participants that
“the investment we must make at the national level now is ensuring affordable health care
for all. Let us ask ourselves, how many times have we heard of people denying themselves
of much needed medical health care due to costs.... The issue of affordable health care for
all is at the heart of Indonesia’s chairmanship of the Foreign Policy and Global Health
initiative.”
Also sharing their countries’ experience with COVID-19 were the Ministers of Health of
the Netherlands, Oman, Senegal and Singapore. Speaking to this issue as well were the
Coordinator of the Group of African Ambassadors in Geneva, and Germany’s Deputy
Director-General, Federal Foreign Office. The discussion was led by Ambassador Hasan
Kleib of Indonesia in Geneva.
Stressing the role of community empowerment was the President of the International
Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Mr Francesco Rocca.
He said his organization had learned from working with its network of responders in 192
countries that there is an urgent need to invest in preparedness at the community level, to
“promote humanitarian action to be as local as possible, as global as necessary […] We
call on governments, partners and donors to invest in preparedness at the community level
to save lives and alleviate suffering in the next inevitable emergency.”
The role of parliaments and the importance of a multisectoral approach was highlighted
by the Secretary-General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mr Martin Chungong. The
International Association of National Public Health Institutes, and the European
Commission’s Directorate General for Development and Cooperation emphasized the
important role played by partner organizations in country and global preparedness and
financing.
Mr Sami Kanaan, the Mayor of Geneva, stressed an all-of-society approach. “Local

governments must not only be provided with the means to implement policies. They also
need to be included in the international debates that eventually shape solutions to the
humanity’s most pressing challenges,” he said.
Closing the event, Dr Michael Ryan, Executive Director, WHO Health Emergencies
Programme, appreciated the participants’ remarks, and asked for them to be met with
sustained commitment to preparedness. “We cannot, cannot, cannot let the world forget
because the next one may not be anything but the worst one,” he said. “This (COVID-19)
may just be a harbinger of what may come, we are living with too much risk.”
This event marked a crucial dialogue among countries, donors and partners on building
back better for future emergency preparedness during the current COVID-19 pandemic,

04522201141 - Yasmin
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and beyond. It comes on the heels of the release of a sobering report by the Global
Preparedness and Monitoring Board that also called for urgent action in this area.
According to the report, investments in preparedness would only cost US$ 5 per person
annually, whereas the cost of this pandemic is already over US$ 11 trillion and counting.
According to the text, judge the following items:
1. The author states that COVID-19 will be the biggest pandemic of all time.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA
A ideia central do texto é discutir a preparação para outras pandemias como a do COVID-19, em
nenhum momento o autor afirma que a pandemia que estamos vivendo será a maior de todos
os tempos.
2. According to the author, all the nations were prepared for COVID-19.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA
No quinto parágrafo o autor afirma que o mundo não estava preparado para a COVID-19.

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Did Xi Jinping know about the coronavirus outbreak earlier than

first suggested?
Analysis by James Griffiths, CNN

Updated 1244 GMT (2044 HKT) February 17, 2020
Hong Kong (CNN)As the deadly novel coronavirus spread throughout China and the world last month, it was clear that something
had gone wrong.
Officials in Hubei, the province at the center of the outbreak, were blamed for
downplaying -- and potentially even deliberately covering up -- the severity of the virus,
ignoring evidence that it spread from person-to-person until it was too late.
Against this tale of irresponsibility there was another story being told in China, one of a
competent central government which had been denied the full picture by local officials,
and once it understood the true ramifications stepped in to take drastic action to stop the
virus' spread.
And indeed, there was a major shift on January 20, when Chinese President Xi
Jinping commented publicly for the first time on the virus, and ordered "resolute efforts"
to control the outbreak. Speaking alongside Xi in Beijing a week later, World Health
Organization (WHO) director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus praised the "seriousness
with which China is taking this outbreak," and thanked Beijing for its "transparency."
Over the weekend, however, a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared
to throw doubt on this narrative, revealing Xi knew about and was directing the response
to the virus on January 7 -- almost two weeks before he commented on it publicly.
The revelation raises major questions about whether it was the central government, not
authorities in Hubei, who dithered on their response, allowing the virus to spread through
the country and eventually the world.
It also underlines the difficulty in maintaining Xi's image -- carefully cultivated by state
media -- as an almost omniscient ruler who oversees, and is aware of everything that is
happening in the country. With criticism growing of the failure to contain the coronavirus,
both at home and abroad, Beijing was faced with either choosing to admit that Xi was
ignorant of the true nature of the crisis until almost a month into it, or that he was aware
of it and involved in the response.
By choosing the latter option, however, no matter how much blame can be placed onto
provincial officials for failing to "implement" Xi's instructions, the government is
admitting that ultimate responsibility for the outbreak lies with the man at the center.
3. The purpose of the author is questioning when the president was aware of the
outbreak.
Comentários

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Aula 03
GABARITO: CORRETA
O título responde à questão, ao longo do texto o autor debate a possibilidade do

presidente chinês já saber da gravidade do problema antes do dia 20/jan, data
que ele comentou publicamente sobre o vírus. Questão levantada a partir de um
discurso interno do partido comunista.
false (F).
( ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus
( ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese
( ) the world media takes care of the image of the Chinese president
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – T – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
Comentários
GABARITO: LETRA B.

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( T ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus
Retirado do texto:
“World Health Organization (WHO) director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus praised the
"seriousness with which China is taking this outbreak," and thanked Beijing for its
"transparency."”
( F ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese
A transcrição do discurso na verdade prejudicou o presidente, crevelando que ele já estava
responsável pela resposta ao vírus no dia 70/jan.
( F ) the world media takes care of the image of the Chinese president
“It also underlines the difficulty in maintaining Xi's image -- carefully cultivated by state
media”
A imprensa estatal da China é a responsável por cultivar a imagem do Xi.
5. The word highlighted in the phrase “were blamed for downplaying” can be replaced
by “understate”.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA
Understate é sinônimo de downplaying, ambas significam subestimar.

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Understate - subestimar
6. According to the text, the province of Hubei was blamed for downplaying.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA
“Officials in Hubei, the province at the center of the outbreak, were blamed for
downplaying”
Officials in Hubei were blamed for downplaying.

Funcionários em Hubei foram responsabilizados por subestimar.
7. The meaning of verb in the sentence “who oversees” is To look beyond
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA.
Para resolver a questão precisamos saber o significado do verbo “to oversee”
Oversee - vigiar
watch, watch over, guard, oversee, supervise, keep an eye on
To look beyond - Para olhar além
Portanto, incorreto.

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8. The pronoun highlighted in “one of a competent central government which had been
denied the full picture by local officials” refers to “Story”.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA
Against this tale of irresponsibility there was another story being told in China, one
(story) of a competent central government which had been denied the full picture by
local officials, and once it understood the true ramifications stepped in to take
drastic action to stop the virus' spread.
Contra esse conto de irresponsabilidade, havia outra história sendo contada na China,
uma (história) de um governo central competente que fora negado por autoridades
locais e que, depois de entender as verdadeiras ramificações, tomou medidas drásticas
para impedir a propagação do vírus.
9. The word “virus” in the plural is written in the same way as “dress”.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA
Em português vírus não tem plural, mas em inglês têm. Palavras terminas em
“ss” é adicionado “es”.
vírus – viruses
dress – dresses

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Aula 03
10. The word “latter” in “By choosing the latter option" is an adverb.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA.
“Latter” está modificando a palavra “option”, que é um substantivo, portanto

está exercendo a função de Adjetivo.
Latter option – última opção
Overview of congressional power

Article I of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of
Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress is elected and gives each
House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for
creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of
powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some
of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted
Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from the
Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause.
Congress has authority over financial and budgetary policy through the enumerated
power to "lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and
provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States". There is vast
authority over budgets, although analyst Eric Patashnik suggested that much of
Congress's power to manage the budget has been lost when the welfare state expanded
since "entitlements were institutionally detached from Congress's ordinary legislative
routine and rhythm". Another factor leading to less control over the budget was
a Keynesian belief that balanced budgets were unnecessary.
The Sixteenth Amendment in 1913 extended congressional power of taxation to
include income taxes without apportionment among the several States, and without
regard to any census or enumeration. The Constitution also grants Congress the exclusive
power to appropriate funds, and this power of the purse is one of Congress's
primary checks on the executive branch. Congress can borrow money on the credit of the
United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin
money. Generally, both the Senate and the House of Representatives have equal

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Aula 03
legislative authority, although only the House may originate revenue and appropriation
bills.
Congress has an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to
declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the
military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's
constitutionally defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the
process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from
Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American
War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military
move into Panama in 1903 did not get congressional approval. In the early days after
the North Korean invasion of 1950, President Truman described the American response
as a "police action". According to Time magazine in 1970, "U.S. presidents [had] ordered
troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149
times." In 1993, Michael Kinsley wrote that "Congress's war power has become the most
flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution", and that the "real erosion [of
Congress's war power] began after World War II". Disagreement about the extent of
congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically
throughout the nation's history.
Congress can establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix
standards of weights and measures, establish Courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and
"make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the
foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of
the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof". Article Four gives Congress
the power to admit new states into the Union.
One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to investigate and
oversee the executive branch. Congressional oversight is usually delegated
to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power. Some critics have
charged that Congress has in some instances failed to do an adequate job of overseeing the
other branches of government. In the Plame affair, critics including Representative Henry
A. Waxman charged that Congress was not doing an adequate job of oversight in this
case. There have been concerns about congressional oversight of executive actions such
as warrantless wiretapping, although others respond that Congress did investigate the
legality of presidential decisions. Political scientists Ornstein and Mann suggested that
oversight functions do not help members of Congress win reelection. Congress also has
the exclusive power of removal, allowing impeachment and removal of the president,
federal judges and other federal officers. There have been charges that presidents acting
under the doctrine of the unitary executive have assumed important legislative and
budgetary powers that should belong to Congress. So-called signing statements are one
way in which a president can "tip the balance of power between Congress and the White
House a little more in favor of the executive branch", according to one account. Past
presidents, including Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W.
Bush, have made public statements when signing congressional legislation about how
they understand a bill or plan to execute it, and commentators, including the American
Bar Association, have described this practice as against the spirit of the Constitution.
There have been concerns that presidential authority to cope with financial crises is

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eclipsing the power of Congress. In 2008, George F. Will called the Capitol building a
"tomb for the antiquated idea that the legislative branch matters".
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(www.wikipedia.com)
false (F).
( ) There is not an agreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power
regarding war
( ) Congress does not have non-legislative functions
( ) over the years the congress has lost power to control over the budget
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
Comentários
GABARITO: LETRA C.
( T ) There is not an agreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power
regarding war

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No parágrafo que fala sobre defesa nacional o autor apresenta vários questionamentos
sobre os poderes que o congresso e o presidente têm sobre declaração de guerra.
Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's constitutionally
defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for
going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for
the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Spanish–American War, World War I,
and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama
in 1903 did not get congressional approval.
( F ) Congress does not have non-legislative functions
No texto são citadas diversas funções não legislativas do congresso.
e.g. One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to investigate and
oversee the executive branch.
( T ) over the years the congress has lost power to control over the budget
much of Congress's power to manage the budget has been lost when the welfare state
expanded since "entitlements were institutionally detached from Congress's ordinary
legislative routine and rhythm".
12. The pronoun highlighted in “Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have,
and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted
by Congress.” is a relative pronoun.

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Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA.
Consultando a tabela da nossa aula vemos que “which” é um pronome relativo.
13. The word highlighted in “Congressional oversight is usually delegated
to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power” can be replaced,
without change in meaning, by the word “Ordinarily”.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA.
Usually - geralmente
Sinônimos: generally, commonly, ordinarily
14. In “federal judges and other federal officers”, the nouns “judges” and “officers” are,
respectively Masculine and Common gender.
Comentários
GABARITO: LETRA ERRADA.
Judges (juízes ou juízas)
Officers (oficiais)

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Esses dois substantivos são duplo gênero, podendo ser usados tanto no masculino como
no feminino.
The five: genetically modified fruit

New varieties created through genetic editing and engineering promise to beat disease,
and offer enticing new flavours
Tomatoes
It was reported this week that Brazilian scientists are hoping to create spicy tomatoes
using Crispr gene-editing techniques. Although tomatoes contain the genes for
capsaicinoids (the chemicals that give chillies their heat) they are dormant – Crispr could
be used to make them active. This is desirable because, compared to tomatoes, chillies
are difficult to farm – and capsaicinoids have other useful applications besides their
flavour – in pepper spray for example.
Bananas
The beloved banana is in peril. Photograph: Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters
Genetically edited bananas could be resistant to a disease known as “fusarium wilt” that
has been attacking plantations across the globe. Researchers at the Norwich-based startup
Tropic Biosciences are using gene-editing techniques to develop a new, more resilient
version of the fruit after securing £7.5m from investors.
Strawberries
Sweeter and even peach-flavoured strawberries are being worked on by US scientists
using Crispr techniques. Due to an EU court ruling last year, Crispr-edited foods will be
subject to the same regulation that has limited the planting and sale of genetically
modified crops. A major player in the development of Crispr crops is the agricultural
giant Monsanto.
Apples
The Arctic apple is a fruit engineered to resist browning after being cut. Currently they
are only available in the US – in golden, fuji and gala varieties – where they have been
given Food and Drug Administration approval. If approved in Europe, they would have
to be labelled as genetically modified. The manufacturers claim the main benefit is to
help cut down on food waste.

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Papaya
The scientist Dennis Gonsalves developed the genetically modified Rainbow papaya,
which can defend itself from papaya ring spot disease by inserting a gene from the virus
into the fruit’s genetic code. The Rainbow papaya was introduced in 1992, and is credited
with saving Hawaii’s $11m papaya industry.
www.theguardian.com
15. According to the text, Capsaicinoids are not useful.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADO.
Errado, o texto cita claramente que Capsaicinoids tem aplicações úteis:
capsaicinoids have other useful applications besides their flavour – in

pepper spray for example.
16. In “This is desirable because” Desirable means “Recommendable”.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA.
Desirable - desejável
Sinônimos: advantageous advisable wise sensible recommendable helpful useful
beneficial worthwhile profitable preferable
17. In “they would have to be labelled as genetically modified” the highlighted word is a
Verb.
Comentários

04522201141 - Yasmin
Aula 03
GABARITO: ERRADA
they would have to be labelled as genetically modified

eles teriam que ser rotulados como geneticamente modificados
“labelled” está sendo usado como adjetivo.
Prince Harry’s upcoming series on mental health has involved visits

to UK-based hospitals and treatment centres, a charity has
confirmed.
Combat Stress, which helps military veterans struggling with anxiety, depression, post-
traumatic stress disorder and other issues, said it had been involving in filming for the series
with Oprah Winfrey, to be broadcast on Apple TV later this year.
Meghan Markle is also thought to have been involved with the production.
The sixth-in-line to the throne has recently opened up about his struggles with mental
health, and revealed he needed counselling after the death of his mother, Princess Diana.
A spokesperson for Combat Stress confirmed the charity had been involved in filming, and
said that visits to UK-based hospitals and health centres have taken place.
The leading mental health charity has three treatment centres in Britain, based in Newport,
Shropshire, Hollybush, Ayr and Leatherhead, Surrey.
The charity's patron is Harry's father, Prince Charles. He launched the 'At Ease Appeal' last
year, which aims to raise £10million to help fund treatment for mental health and transform
how mental health services are delivered by 2022.
www.dailymail.co.uk
18. According to the text, Prince Harry will be admitted to a treatment center.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADA.
Prince Harry will be admitted to a treatment center.

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O texto não cita isso em nenhum momento, o príncipe Harry não será internado
para tratamento de câncer.
Caroline Flack, 'Love Island,' and the industry of outrage
surrounding the star's death

London (CNN)
Much has been written about the circumstances that led to the death of the British
television presenter Caroline Flack on Saturday, despite little of substance being known
about them.
Flack, the 40-year-old former host of the hit UK reality show "Love Island," died by
suicide at her northeast London apartment as she awaited trial for an alleged assault of
her boyfriend.
Mental health organizations urge against assuming a single factor in cases of suicide. But
reaction was nonetheless swift and often definitive.
Social media, the British press and the Crown Prosecution Service have all been blamed
for their treatment of the star, while celebrity well-wishers have been attacked for
hypocrisy and politicians have mooted a reform of the media.
Meanwhile, the same media cycle that aided Flack's rise to fame was condemned for
tearing her down in her final months, and many reacted with fury as tabloids like The Sun
moved swiftly to delete previous negative articles about the star.
What's clear is that the reverberations from the death of Flack, a longtime staple of
Britain's raucous tabloid press, are being widely felt -- with fundamental questions raised
about the symbiotic relationship between the media and today's television personalities.
For some commentators, the instant reactions were premature.
"When we experience the tragic loss of someone, we often look around for someone to
point the finger at," said Honey Langcaster-James, a television psychologist who has
consulted on on-set welfare for shows including "Love Island."
"We get consumed when someone dies in these circumstances by the question of why,
and of what could have been done... but the important thing is we don't speculate," she
told CNN.

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But in death, as in life, fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation --
and it's highlighting the relentless industry of outrage that has both aided the rise of reality
television personalities and swarmed them in their lowest moments.
false (F).
( ) Flack died by suicide at her northeast London apartment after the trial for an alleged
( ) Fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation.
( ) The British press was supporting Flack before her suicide.
a) F – T – F
b) T – F – F
c) T – F – T
d) F – T – T
e) F – F – T
Comentários
GABARITO: LETRA A.
( F ) Flack died by suicide at her northeast London apartment after the trial for an alleged
Flack morreu por suicídio em seu apartamento no nordeste de Londres após o julgamento
por um suposto ataque ao namorado.

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O texto fala que foi antes do julgamento:
as she awaited trial for an alleged assault of her boyfriend.

enquanto aguardava julgamento por uma suposta agressão ao namorado
( T ) Fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation.
Correto, o texto cita essa frase.
( F ) The British press was supporting Flack before her suicide.
Social media, the British press and the Crown Prosecution Service have all been
blamed for their treatment of the star, while celebrity well-wishers have been
attacked for hypocrisy and politicians have mooted a reform of the media.
A mídia social, a imprensa britânica e o Serviço de Promotoria da Coroa foram todos
culpados pelo tratamento dado à estrela, enquanto os simpatizantes das celebridades
foram atacados por hipocrisia e os políticos discutiram uma reforma da mídia.
Meanwhile, the same media cycle that aided Flack's rise to fame was condemned
for tearing her down in her final months, and many reacted with fury as tabloids
like The Sun moved swiftly to delete previous negative articles about the star.
Enquanto isso, o mesmo ciclo da mídia que ajudou a ascensão à fama de Flack foi
condenado por derrubá-la em seus últimos meses, e muitos reagiram com fúria
quando tablóides como The Sun se moveram rapidamente para excluir artigos
negativos anteriores sobre a estrela.
20. According to the text, Flack died by suicide at her apartment.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETA.

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Flack, the 40-year-old former host of the hit UK reality show "Love Island," died
by suicide at her northeast London apartment as she awaited trial for an alleged
Flack, 40 anos, ex-apresentadora do reality show britânico Love Island, morreu por
suicídio em seu apartamento no nordeste de Londres, enquanto aguardava julgamento
por uma suposta agressão ao namorado.
21. In “television”, the prefix “tele” means distance.
Comentários
GABARITO: CORRETO.
Tele = distância
Tele é um prefixo:
e.g. Television, telesalesman, teleshopping
22. In “it's highlighting the relentless industry of outrage that has both aided the rise of
reality television personalities and swarmed them in their lowest moments” The
highlighted word is an Adverb.
Comentários
GABARITO: ERRADO.
Você não precisa saber o que significa “relentless”, mas pode observar que essa
palavra está modificando a palavra “industry”. Logo, ele está sendo usado como
adjetivo
Relentless - implacável

04522201141 - Yasmin

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Aula 03

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de

04522201141 - Yasmin Paniago Barbosa

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

The best time to prevent the next pandemic is now

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

Mr Sami Kanaan, the Mayor of Geneva, stressed an all-of-society approach. “Local

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

According to the text, judge the following items:

Did Xi Jinping know about the coronavirus outbreak earlier than

Analysis by James Griffiths, CNN

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

( ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus

( ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

7. The meaning of verb in the sentence “who oversees” is To look beyond

denied the full picture by local officials” refers to “Story”.

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

Overview of congressional power

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

( ) Congress does not have non-legislative functions

13. The word highlighted in “Congressional oversight is usually delegated

to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power” can be replaced,

without change in meaning, by the word “Ordinarily”.

respectively Masculine and Common gender

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

The five: genetically modified fruit

15. According to the text, Capsaicinoids are not useful.

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

16. In “This is desirable because” Desirable means “Recommendable”.

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

assault of her boyfriend.

( ) Fascination about Flack has given rise to plenty of speculation.

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

( ) The British press was supporting Flack before her suicide.

20. According to the text, Flack died by suicide at her apartment.

21. In “television”, the prefix “tele” means distance.

highlighted word is an Adverb.

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

The best time to prevent the next pandemic is now

Assembly side-event on ‘Sustainable preparedness for health security and resilience:

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

Mr Sami Kanaan, the Mayor of Geneva, stressed an all-of-society approach. “Local

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

According to the text, judge the following items:

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

Did Xi Jinping know about the coronavirus outbreak earlier than

Analysis by James Griffiths, CNN

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

O título responde à questão, ao longo do texto o autor debate a possibilidade do

( ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus

( ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese

PRF (Policial) Passo Estratégico de Inglês - 2022 (Pré-Edital)

( T ) WHO praised China’s actions in fighting the virus

( F ) a transcript of an internal Communist Party speech appeared to support Chinese

A transcrição do discurso na verdade prejudicou o presidente, crevelando que ele já estava

responsável pela resposta ao vírus no dia 70/jan.

A imprensa estatal da China é a responsável por cultivar a imagem do Xi.

Understate é sinônimo de downplaying, ambas significam subestimar.