KOMPETENSI DASAR

3.5 Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsure kebahasaan teks
interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan
meminta informasi terkait keadaan /tindakan/kegiatan/ kejadian tanpa perlu
menyebutkan pelakunya dalam teks ilmiah, sesuai dengan konteks
penggunaannya. (Perhatikan unsure kebahasaan
passive voice)
4.5.Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan
tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait
keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/ kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan
pelakunya dalam teks ilmiah, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur
teks, dan unsure kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
 UNIT 5

Tindakan memberi dan meminta informsi terkait keadaan/tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian tanpa perlu

menyebutkan pelakunya dalam teks ilmiah, sesuai dengankonteks penggunaannya. ( perhatikan
unsur kebahasaan passive voice)

Passive voice is a sentence where the subject of the sentence accepts the action, not the action. Unlike
active voice that focuses on the doer of action, this form focuses more on the party or object receiving
the result of the action (receiver of action).

In a passive sentence, the person or thing acted on comes first, and the actor is added at the end,
introduced with the preposition “by”

In passive sentences, we often omit the actor completely.

My parents plant some flowers

Active
(Actors)
Some flowers are planted by my parents
Passive
(Receiver action)

Generally, active sentences that can be transformed into passive sentences form active sentences
containing transitive verbs (verbs that require direct objects) such as make, bring, buy, write and so
on. In contrast, passive sentences containing intransitive verbs (crypts that do not require direct
objects) such as cry, swim, go, arrive, and die can not be converted into passive sentences.

However, if the intransitive verbs are followed by the preposition, it is possible that the sentence can
be converted into a passive sentence but the passive sentence formed will be very rigid.

Passive Voice Formulas

To form a passive sentence, the following simple formula is usually used but still has to be adjusted
with the sentence tense.

Subject + to be (past / are) + past participle (pp)

Tense Passive Voice Formulas Passive Voice Example
Simple Present am / is / are + pp is created
Present Continuous am / is / are being + pp is being created
Simple Past was / were + pp was created
Past Continuous was / were being + pp was being created
Present Perfect has / have been + pp has been created
Past Perfect had been + pp had been created
Simple Future will be + pp will be created
Future Continuous am / is / are going to be + pp is going to be created
Future Perfect will have been + pp will have been created

The use of passive sentences with perfect continuous tenses is usually rarely performed because it
produces sentence structures that are too complex and difficult to understand. Therefore, this should
be avoided even if grammatically correct.

Use & Passive Voice Examples

Passive sentences are generally used in the following conditions:
a) When the doer of action is not known
b) When the doer of action is clear and does not
need to be mentioned
c) When not wanting to tell who the doer of action
(doer of action)
d) When the doer of action is all people (people in
general)
e) When the actor is irrelevant
f) You are talking about a general truth
g) You want to emphasize the person or thing
acted on
My money has been stolen.
In this passive voice example, the speaker does not
know who stole his wallet.
Wheat is grown in Karawang.
In this example, it is clear that farmers are actors or
people who grow wheat.
Mistakes were made.
In this example, the speaker will not tell who made
the mistake.
Transjakarta is used as an alternative means of
transportation to avoid clock traffic.
In this example, the actors are everyone because
Transjakarta can be used by the wider community.
An experimental solar power plant will be built in
the Australian desert
We are not interested in who is building it
Rules are made to be broken
By whomever, whenever
Insulin was first discovered in 1921 by researches
at the university of Toronto. it is still the only
treatment available for diabetes.

h) You are writing in a scintific genre. passive

The sodium hydroxide was dissolved in water. this
voice is often preferred in lab report and scientific
solution was then titrated with hydrochloric acid
research papers, most notably in the Materials and
Method section

Action Actors in Passive Voice

In some instances the use of passive voice, by-phrase is not used for some reasons as noted above.
However, we can actually include the offender if the information is very important or under the
following conditions:

a) When there is new information (second
sentence).
b) When knowing the name clearly the perpetrator
of action or the actor is a famous person.
c) When the identity of the actor is very surprising
or unexpected.
Bottled water comes from mountain water. It is
produced by water company.
Siti Nurbaya was written by Marah Roesli.
It is hard to believe that this jazz melody was
composed by an eight-year-old.

Tenses Active Voice Passive Voice

He writes an article. An article is writen by him.
Simple Present
She feeds the dog. The dog is fed by her.
He wrote an article. An article was writen by him.
Simple Past
She fed the dog. The dog was fed by her.
He will write an article. An article will be writen by him.
Simple Future
She will feed the dog. The dog will be fed by her.
He has writen an article.
An article has been writen by him.
Present Perfect
The dog has been fed by her.
She has fed the dog.

Student worksheets

Task 1
I. Choose the correct active voice form of a sentence for each number below!
1. The room has been cleaned by Frieda just now.
a) Frieda has been cleaned the room just now.
b) Frieda had cleaned the room just now.
c) Frieda has cleaned the room just now.
d) Frieda is cleaning the room just now.

2. My orange juice was drunk by Romeo this morning.

 a) Romeo drank my orange juice this morning.
b) Romeo drunk my orange juice this morning.
c) Romeo will drink my orange juice this morning.
d) Romeo drinks my orange juice this morning.

3. A new novel is being read by Vira now.

a) Vira is being reading a new novel now.
b) Vira being reading a new novel now.
c) Vira was reading a new novel now.
d) Vira is reading a new novel now.

4. The dishes in this restaurant is made by a famous chef.

a) A famous chef made the dishes in this restaurant.
b) A famous chef makes the dishes in this restaurant.
c) A famous chef is making the dishes in this restaurant.
d) A famous chef is made the dishes in this restaurant.

5. This comedy action movie was directed by Jimmy Thompson.

a) Jimmy Thompson directed this comedy action movie.
b) Jimmy Thompson directs this comedy action movie.
c) Jimmy Thompson was directed this comedy action movie.
d) Jimmy Thompson is directed this comedy action movie.

6. The email that you got yesterday was written by a girl.

a) A girl writes the email that you got yesterday.
b) A girl was written the email that you got yesterday.
c) A girl wrote the email that you got yesterday.
d) A girl was wrote the email that you got yesterday.

7. The ball was being kicked by a little boy.

a) A little boy is kicking the ball.
b) A little boy was kicking the ball.
c) A little boy kicked the ball.
d) A little boy kicks the ball.

II. Choose the correct passive voice form of a sentence for each number below!

1. Someone knocked the door of her house yesterday.

a) The door was knocked of her house by someone yesterday.
b) The door of her house was knocked by someone yesterday.
c) The door of her house is knocked by someone yesterday.
d) The door has knocked of her house by someone yesterday.

2. Fajar has taken an English test just now.

a) An English test was taken by Fajar just now.
b) An English test had been taken by Fajar just now.
c) An English test had taken by Fajar just now.
d) An English test has been taken by Fajar just now.

3. The children are planting trees in the garden now.

 a) Trees are being planted by the children in the garden now.
b) Trees are planted by the children in the garden now.
c) Trees has planted by the children in the garden now.
d) Trees are being planting by the children in the garden now.

4. My father always washes the red car on Sunday.

a) The red car always washed by my father on Sunday.

b) The red car is washing by my father on Sunday.
c) The red car is always washed by my father on Sunday.
d) The red car has been washed by my father on Sunday.

5. My friends were fixing my bicycle in my house.

a) My bicycle is fixed by my friends in my house.
b) My bicycle are fixed by my friends in my house.
c) My bicycle were fixed by my friends in my house.
d) My bicycle was fixed by my friends in my house.

6. The old man had cut some trees near his shop.
a) Some trees has been cut by the old man near his shop.
b) Some trees was cut by the old man near his shop.
c) Some trees near his shop had been cut by the old man.
d) Some trees near his shop have been cut by the old man.

7. Andi took many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week.
a) Many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week are taken by Andi.
b) Many pictures of nice places were taken by Andi during his holiday last week.
c) Many pictures of nice places during his holiday last week were taking by Andi.
d) Many pictures of nice places have taken by Andi during his holiday last week.

Task 2 Rewrite the sentences in Passive voice.

1. The girls can play handball.

2. The mechanic repairs cars.
3. The teacher closes the window.
4. My friend bought a new car.
5. Levi Strauss invented the blue jeans.
Rewrite the sentences in Active voice.
1. The club was founded by Ron and Peggy.
2. The child was hit by a car.
3. This book was written by an Irishman.
4. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
5. The computer is used by Patrick.
Task 3. Put in the correct form of the verb in Passive into the gaps. Use the verb and the tense given
in brackets.

EXAMPLE:
Letters____________by Peter. (to write → Simple Present)

ANSWER:
Letters are written by Peter.

1. The words _____________by the teacher today. (to explain - Simple Present)
2. We _____________a letter the day before yesterday. (to send - Simple Past)
3. This car _________________It's too old. (not/to steal - will-future)
4. This street ______________because of snow. (already/to close - Present Perfect)
5. A new restaurant ________________next week. (to open - will-future)
6. He _______________to the party yesterday. (to invite - Simple Past)
7. The blue box __________________ (can/not/to see - Simple Present)
8. I ______________________the book by my friend last Sunday. (to give - Simple Past)
9. The dishes __________________by my little brother. (not/to wash - Present Perfect)
10. I ________________by Robert. (not/to ask - will-future)

Task 4. Are the sentences written in Active or Passive voice?

1. These cars are produced in Italy.

Active voice
Passive voice
2. The bus driver was hurt.
Active voice
Passive voice
3. They often read e-mails.
Active voice
Passive voice
4. Steven likes to play baseball.
Active voice
Passive voice
5. A letter was written.
Active voice
Passive voice
Task 5. . Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive.
The verb forms are printed in bold.
 They often listen to music. →

1.[2.] She is reading the newspaper now. →

2.[3.] These cars are produced in Japan. →
3.[4.] Alan teaches geography. →
4.[5.] German is spoken in Austria. →
5.[6.] Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906. →
6.[7.] Henry Ford invented the assembly line. →
7.[8.] The bus driver was hurt yesterday. →
8.[9.] You should open your workbooks. →
9.[10.] Houses have been built. →

Task 6. .Form Questions in Passive. Click on the given words/phrases.

EXAMPLE:
Coffee grown in South America is
ANSWER:

Is coffee grown in South America?

1. caught the thieves were ?
2. the tests in the language lab are always written?
3. will be my apology accepted?
4. eagles found are in Alaska?
5. was in 1889 for the World Exhibition the Eiffel Tower built?
6. replaced be by computers will the workers?
7. together be cooked beans and carrots can?
8. by the police yesterday was seen the accident?
9. the first underground railway was where opened ?
10. returned are be going to to the school the books?