G if + past, would + base form (second conditional) What would you do if you ‘saw abear? V animals P word stress What would you do? dun away. READING & SPEAKING dhe gens anv, Would you know ‘Complete each question wich an animal ov what to do? bee bull dog jellyfish shark snake Look atthe highlighted verbs and verb Weall love seeing animals on TV and phrases. With a partner, try to guess their inzoos, But sema/animnals can Be meaning from the context. dangerous. youmat ons'lnraal tifa, “ would you know the right thing to Read the quiz again and(cirelé) your do? Read about some common and answers,a,b, orc some less common situations. Would you know what to do? > Communication Would you know what to do? A p.104B p.107€ p.110. Read the answers to one section and tell the others. Did you all choose the right answers? Have you ever been in any of these situations? What did you do? GRAMMAR if + past, would + base form Look at questions 1-6 again. Are they about a past situation or an imagined future situation? What tense is the verb after if? > p.142 Grammar Bank 9A. Learn more about the second conditional and practice it Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Compare with a partner. In the city 1 What would you do. cu ifa large aggressive ran toward you? a Iwould shout “down” ait several times. I would put my hands in my pockets and walk 1 If Thad five extra hours every week, 2. [would be very happy if If could live anywhere in the world, 8 4 Lwould learn English more quickly if If] won a lot of money in the lotery. pe oer ¢ Iwould keep completely still and look at it nits eyes. VOCABULARY animals 2. What would you do. pb Vocaallery Cankc Ail «if you were driving, and a flew into the car? 4 Iwould open all the windows and wait for it to fly out. 4) 18)) Listen. Which animals can you hear? b Iwould try to kil it with amap or a newspaper. ¢ Iwould wave my hand to make it go out.In the country 3 What would you do. if a poisonous bit you on theleg, and you were more than 30 minutes from the nearest town? ‘2 Iwould put something very cold on it, lke a water bottle. b Iwould suck the bite to get the poison out. ¢ Iwould tle something, e.g.,a scarf on my leg above the bite. ~ What would you de... «aif you were in the middle of afield and a started running toward you? 2 would run. b Iwould throw something (e.g. a hat or abag) in another direction, € Iwould shout and wave my arms. In the water 5 What would you do.. + if youwerein the oceananda stungyou? ‘2 Iwould rub the sting with a towel to clean it. b Iwould wash the sting with fresh water, ‘¢ Iwould wash the sting with vinegar or ocean water. 6 What would you do... if you were in the ocean near the shore and you sawa ? a I would swim to the shore as quickly and quietly as possible. b Iwould float and pretend to be dead. ¢ Iwould shout for help. 4 PRONUNCIATION word stress Stress in words that are similar in other languages Some words in English, efor animals, are similar to the ‘same words in other languages, but the stress is often in a different place. a Lookat the animal words below. Can you remember which syllable is stressed? Underline it calmel cro|coldile doljphin ellelphant giraffe kan|galroo tion _mo/squilto b @19)) Listen and check. Are any of these words similar in your language? Is the stress inthe same place? © Inpairs, ask and answer the questions, 1 What's the most dangerous animal in your country? 2 Ifyou went ona safari, what animal would you most like to see? 3 What's your favorite movie about an animal? 4 What's your favorite cartoon animal? 5 Arethereany animals or insects you are really afraid of? 6 Doyou (ordid you) have a pet? What? 7 Are youallergic to any animals or insects? 8 Ifyou could bean animal, which animal would you like to be? 5 SPEAKING Work in groups of three. Take turns choosing a question and ask the others in the group. Then answer ityourself. What would you do. if you saw a mousein your kitchen? if you saw somebody being attacked by dog? itaird ora bat New into your bedroom? rin the bathtub? iftwosa very hot day and you were ona beach that was famous or ehark stacks? if comeone offered to buy yous fur cot? if your neighbor's dog barkedallright? ita fiend asked yout lock after his or Ter eat or dog or the weekend? if you went to somebody's house for dinner and he or she gave you..? a horsemeat b goat ¢ kangaroo if you saw alarge spi Talking about imaginary situations I think fd (probably) I (definitely) wouldnt, I dont think CMa 69)A G present perfect + for and since V phobias and words related to fear P sentence stress, I've been afraid of it for years VOCABULARY phobias and words related to fear Look atthe picture. How many things can you see that some people have a phobia of? Look at the names of five phobias. Match them to explanations A-E, 1 acrophobia 3 glossophobia_—_§_arachnophobia 2 agoraphobia 4 claustrophobia People with this phobia are terrified of spiders. Rupert Grint, the actor who played Ron Weasley in the Harty Potter movies, has this phobia, and so does his character Ren, This phobia can have a severe effect on sufferers’ lives, These people are frightened of beingin open and public spaces tke stores and busy streets, They often feel panic when they go out and only eel safe at home. People with this phobia are afraid of beingin closed spaces like elevators or traveling on the subway. This, phobia can make life very difficult for people who live and work in cities. People who suffer from this phobia are scared of heights, and they get very nervous if they have to go up high, for example onasski lift oriFthey are ona balcony on the 20th floor. People with this phobia suffer froma fear of public speaking. They get very nervous if they have to speak In front of other people, for example at work or in class of ata conference. The actor Harrison Ford has been afraid of public speaking al his life. He even, {gets nervous when a character in a movie hes making has tomakea speech, Doyou haveany Yes, I've phobias? been afraid of spiders since | was a child, © Read the explanations again. Find in the texts, 1 the noun made from the adjective afraid 2 one adjective that means very afraid two synonyms for afraid 2 LISTENING & SPEAKING a @20}) Listen to three people talking about their phobias. Answer question I for each person. 1 [2 3 1 Whatis he / she afraid of? 2 When didit start? 2 How does it affect his / her life? D_ Listen again and answer questions 2 and 3 for each person, Which person do you think is most affected by his or her phobia? © Askand answer with a partner. 1 Which ofthe phobias inthis lesson do you thinkis the most irrational? 2. Which do you think makes the sufferers’ lives most complicated? 3 Doyou oranyone youknow havea phobia? When and how did itstart? How does itaffect your life or is)her life? ‘My brother is really afraid of flying. He gets very nervous before he fies somewhere, It started about ten years ago when. A3 GRAMMAR present perfect + for and since a Lookarthis extract from the first interview in 2. Answer the questions, “How long have you had this phobia?* “Ive hadit for about 40 years. Since Iwas 12 years old 1 When did she begin tobe afraid of bats? 2 Issheafraid of bats now? B What tense do we use to talk about something that started in the past and is still rue now? 4 Complete the rule with for or since Us witha period of time. Use witha point in time. b> p.142 Grammar Bank 9B. Learn more about the present perfect + for and since, and practice it. © @22)) Listen and say the phrase with for or since. 0) 1904 since 004 4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress a @23)) Listen and repeat. Copy the rhythm, 1 forten years —> worked here for ten years — Ive worked here for ten years. 2 since 2002 —> lived here since 2002 —> We've lived here since 2002, 3 knownhim —> have you known him —> How long have you knawn him? b @24i) Listen and write five sentences 5 SPEAKING a Lookat the questions below. What two tenses are they? What are the missing words? Name have | /apet? How long /it? J abike ? How long / it? live | /inamodem apartment? How long there? ‘near this school ? How long / there? know | / anybody from another country? How long / bir (her)? be | /afanofa soccer team? How long / afan? 7 amember of a club or organization? How long /amember? / married? How tong / married? 1b Movearound the class and ask other students. IF they answer Yes, Ido or Yes, 1am to the first question, ask the second question. Try to find a different person for each question, 6 READING a Doyou know of any kinds of treatment for people who have phobias? 'b Read the text and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false) Thirty percent of people have some kind of phobia Doctors have created a new drug to cure phobias. Inexposure therapy, people learn to relax when they are exposed to something they are afraid of. Exposure therapy is always successful. 5 The drugaffects the way people learnand remember things, The study showed that the drug helped people to lose their fear. 6 Scared of spi Take this pill. Spears a ry eee hinges and they affect at least a quarter of the population. But doctors believe that they may soon have a cure. They have discovered that a drug, which. ‘is given to patients suffering from tuberculosis, can also help people to overcome their phobias. eS The normal treatment for people with strong phobias is some kind of exposure therapy. The most commonly used exposure therapy involves gradually exposing people to the object or situation that produces the fer. For example, ifyou have a dentist phobia, you might first sit in the waiting room of a dentist, then talk to the dentist, and then sit in the dentist's chair. These exposures are combined with relaxation techniques. However, exposure therapy does not work for ‘everybody, and doctors think that the new drug, which causes changes to @ part ofthe brain that is used in earning and memory, could be used in the future to make this therapy more effective. Michael Davis at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia did a study with 30 acrophobics — people who are scared of heights — and put them ina glass elevator that appeared to go up and down. The people who were given the pill felt much less afraid ‘then those who took a placebo. € With a partner, guess the meaning of the highlighted words and phrases. What stages of exposure therapy do you think could be used for someone with a) arachnophobia b) claustropho CaG present perfect or simple past? (2) V biographies ‘He was born P word stress, or in Jamaica. toy many Grammy's has he won? ‘VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION ir) biographies, word stress, 6259 Locks hte versie ata Which dats es Sinko ee ade a ; Beene youre (=a q tae oo — fans concbooy/ CE] puma rm catego] tts son a co ol] faite , Clete . YX sg getohghacrt—] gece amtigh sel abr te epee la what ea ak hae gh order. Compare with a partner. Do you agree? 26) Listen and repeat the words and sound. EY, horse [born divorced f CV OnC eee cure CL \ father of reggae because he did more than anybody to make this kind of music popular all eee eC aera ey more work world boring door worse followed in his father’s footsteps and is a very sports wear form near score word Pecos iconic) Practice saying these words. Circle the ones with the /or/ sound. @27)) Listen and check. What rule can you see for words with iar aeoReOnant? 1 He and three of his brothers and sisters formed a band called The Melody Makers, and they played at READING their father's funeral. Lookat the photos of Bob and Ziggy Marley and read the Z|] Hehad eleven children with severat introduction. Have you heard their music? Do you like it? different women. However, he only married one of them, ita Marley in Read ten facts about the lives of the two men. In pairs, decide 1966. a which fiveare about Bob Marley (BM) and which five are about Ziggy Marley (ZM) 3] Hehas been a musician since he was ten, when his father bought him Work in pairs. A reread the facts about Bob Marley, B reread the his first guitar. ones about Ziggy Marley. Close your books and tll your partner what you can remember. 4 He has lived in Miami for many. years with his wife Orly, and they . have three children, GRAMMAR present perfect or simple past? (2) eee dsseeshemetece, 5] _] Hehas won four Grammy awards for ~ his music, including Best Reggae 1 Look tthe five facts about Bob Marley. What tense are all the Album. verbs? Why? 2 Look atthe five facts about Ziggy Marley. What three tenses are 6 He injured his foot playing soccer, there? Why? uo and he later became sick with Cancer. He died four years later at > p.142 Grammar Bank 9C. Learn more about the difference pice arse between the present perfect and the simple past, and practice itita} He was born in a small village in Jamaica, His father was a captain in the British army. He was born in Kingston, Jamaica in 4968, and he was 13 years old when his father died. His father’s last words to him were “Money can’t buy you life.” His music was very influenced by social problems in his homeland, Jamaica, With his band, The Wailers, he made eleven albums. His most famous songs included No Woman, No Cry, Three Little Birds, and IShot the Sheriff b LISTENING Look at the photos of another famous father and son, Julio and Enrique, who are both singers. What's their last name? Who do you think is more famous? To} 1 Madtid 1975 2 Miami 5 “Escape” 2001 3 Enrique Martinez 6 Anna Kournikova 4 “Enrique iglesias” 199: 7 100 milion ase eal You are going to listen to a radio program about Enrique. Look at the information. Before you listen, guess what the connection is tohim. think he was born in Madan 1975, 29) Now listen and make notes. Compare with a partner, Do you think Ziggy and Enrique have been successful because of their last names, or because they are genuinely talented? Do you think i's common for children to wane to do the same jobas their parents? SPEAKING & WRITING ‘Think about an older person, a friend or a member of your family, who is alive and who you know well, Prepare to answer the questions below about his or her life and to tell your partner any other interesting information about him or her. The past The present + When /borr? + Where live now? + Where /bom? + How long live there? + What /doafter the /she) + What /do? (ob) graduate school? (eg. get How long..? a job, go to college, get + What /do in his/her free time? ‘married, have children, etc) ‘Do you think the / she) has had a good life? Why (not)? Interview your partner about his / her person. Ask for more information. Do your two people have anything in common? rm gong to tel you about my grandiother.”) when was she bom? > p.116 Writing A biography. Write a biography of a person you know or a famous person 430) SONG Youre My #1 ama @31)) Watch or listen to Rob and Holly. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Rob has just done an interview. 2 Heisinahuery: 3 He has another interview in Manhattan. 4 He has another coffee. 5 Barbara calls Rob. 6 The restaurants booked for 7 o'lock ‘American and British English restroom = American English; toilet = British English the subway = American English; the underground= British English 1b Watch or listen again. Say why the F sentences are false. Practical English (€ stting around 2 VOCABULARY directions EO Tee i: a Look at the pictures and cae the Me: 1 Tarn 2 Go ahead. 3 Take the turn on the right. 4 Turn right at the lights. 5 Goaround the and take the third exit. b @a2)) Listen and check. ‘American and British English | 2 {go straight ahead = American English; go straight on = British English @ ASKING HOW TO GET THERE 4 @33)) Coverthe dialogue and watch or listen. Mark Rob's route on the map. woes am =bb Watch or listen again. Complete the You Hear 4 @4 ROBISLATE...AGAIN phrases You Sey | j)You Hear How dol get to Go to the subway station at Greenwich Vilage on Prospect Park. the the subway? Bp train to West ath Street, How many stopsis _Sixr seven. that? OK.And then? From West 4th Street take the Atrain, and get. at Lath Street. Could you say _ OK. From Prospect Park take the thot again? B train to West 4th Street, and ‘then take the A train to 14th Street, That's only one Where's the Come out of the subway on restaurant? Eighth Avenue, go ‘on for about 50 yards and take the __left. That's Greenwich Avenue. ‘The restaurant's on the a @5)) Watch or listen to Rob and Jenny. Is the date tts called The Tea Set. aaicceat Ok, thanks. And dont get ; ' a b_ Watch or listen again and answer the questions. 1 Whatexcuse does Rob give for being late? © @34)) Watch or listen and repeat the You Say phrases. 2 How longhas Jenny waited for him? Copy the rhythm. 3, What does Rob suggest they do? 4. Practice the dialogue witha partner. 4 Whar does Jenny say that Rob could do? 5 Whois Rob interested in: Holly or Jenny? © fait In pairs, role-play the dialogue. a Inpa ee a ¢ Lookat the Social English phrases. Can you A Bisat Prospect Park. Choose a destination on the remember any of the missing words? subway map. Give B directions. You start with Go to the subway stationat. Social English phrases B Follow A's directions, and tell A which subway stop you Rob Imso have arrived at. Were you right? Rob | Imsorry. £ Change roles Jenny Idon't want to here anymore. Take the A train to... Then, See = Jenny its beena ay. Jenny lid to say that. 4. @36)) Watch or listen and complete the phrases. € Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do ‘you say them in your language? B conyou.? give and understand directions on the street give and understand directions for using public transportation apologize Ca