import numpy as np

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(np.cumsum(arr))

# Output: [1 3 6 10]

import numpy as np

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(np.cumprod(arr))

# Output: [1 2 6 24]

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.memory_usage())

# Output: Index 80

# A 24

# B 24

# dtype: int64

s = {1, 2, 3}

fset = frozenset(s)

print(fset) # Output: frozenset({1, 2, 3})

# Attempting to add an element to the frozenset will result in an error

fset.add(4) # Output : 'frozenset' object has no attribute 'add'

arr = [1, 2, 3, 4]

arr.reverse()

print(arr) # Output: [4, 3, 2, 1]

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, np.nan, 4], 'B': [5, np.nan, 7, 8]})

df.fillna(0)

# Output:

# A B

# 0 1.0 5.0

# 1 2.0 0.0

# 2 0.0 7.0

# 3 4.0 8.0

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, np.nan, 4], 'B': [5, np.nan, 7, 8]})

print(df.isna())

# Output:

# A B

# 0 False False

# 1 False True

# 2 True False

# 3 False False
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, np.nan, 4], 'B': [5, np.nan, 7, 8]})

print(df.isnull().sum())

# Output:

#A 1

#B 1

# dtype: int64

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.head(2))

# Output:

# A B

#0 1 4

#1 2 5

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.tail(2))

# Output:

# A B

#1 2 5

#2 3 6

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df.info()

# Output:

# <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
# RangeIndex: 3 entries, 0 to 2

# Data columns (total 2 columns):

# A 3 non-null int64

# B 3 non-null int64

# dtypes: int64

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.sample(2))

# Output:

# A B

#2 3 6

#0 1 4

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df.info()

# Output:

# <class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>

# RangeIndex: 3 entries, 0 to 2

# Data columns (total 2 columns):

# A 3 non-null int64

# B 3 non-null int64

# dtypes: int64(2)

# memory usage: 176.0 bytes

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.sample(2))

# Output:

# A B

#2 3 6

#0 1 4

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.shape)

# Output: (3, 2)

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.nsmallest(2, 'A'))

# Output:

# A B

#0 1 4

#1 2 5

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.nlargest(2, 'A'))

# Output:

# A B

#2 3 6

#1 2 5
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df.eval("C = A + B", inplace=True)

print(df)

# Output:

# A B C

#0 1 4 5

#1 2 5 7

#2 3 6 9

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.loc[1])

# Output:

#A 2

#B 5

# Name: 1, dtype: int64

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.iloc[1])

# Output:

#A 2

#B 5

# Name: 1, dtype: int64

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.clip(1, 4))
# Output:

# A B

#0 1 4

#1 2 4

#2 3 4

import pandas as pd

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'C': [7, 8, 9], 'D': [10, 11, 12]})

result = pd.concat([df1, df2],…

print(chr(65))

# Output: 'A'

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df = df.rename(columns={'A': 'X', 'B': 'Y'})

print(df)

# Output:

# X

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.query('A > 1'))

# Output:

# A B

#2 3 6
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.describe())

# Output:

# A B

# count 3.000000 3.000000

# mean 2.000000 5.000000

# std 1.000000 1.000000

# min 1.000000 4.000000

# 25% 1.500000 4.500000

# 50% 2.000000 5.000000

# 75% 2.500000 5.500000

# max 3.000000 6.000000

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df['A'] = df['A'].astype(float)

print(df.dtypes)

# Output:

# A float64

#B int64

# dtype: object

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.columns)

# Output: Index(['A', 'B'], dtype='object')

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

df = df.drop(columns=['A'])

print(df)

# Output:

# B

#0 4

#1 5

#2 6

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.pct_change())

# Output:

# A B

#0 NaN NaN

# 1 1.000000 0.250000

# 2 0.500000 0.200000

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3], 'B': [4, 5, 6]})

print(df.rank())

# Output:

# A B

# 0 1.0 1.0

# 1 2.0 2.0

# 2 3.0 3.0
string = "Hello World!"

print(string.split())

# Output: ['Hello', 'World!']

string = "Hello World! "

print(string.rstrip())

# Output: 'Hello World!'

string = " Hello World!"

print(string.lstrip())

# Output: 'Hello World!'

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [[1, 2], [3, 4]]})

print(df.explode('A'))

# Output:

# A

#0 1

#0 2

#1 3

#1 4

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3, 2, 1], 'B': [4, 5, 6, 5, 4]})

print(df.A.unique())

# Output: [1 2 3]