СРМП, СРМ

8.
ОМӨЖ, МӨЖ кестесі:

№ ОМӨЖ / МӨЖ тапсырмасы (Theme) Тапсырма түрі Тапсырманың берілу және
орындалу мерзімі (апта
күні мен уақыты)
Берілген Қабылдау
мерзімі мерзімі
ОМӨЖ тапсырмалары
1 The system of vowel phonemes in English. Жобаны қорғау Дүйсенбі Жұма
Problem of diphthongs. 12:30 17:00
2 The system of consonant phonemes in Жобаны қорғау Дүйсенбі Жұма
English. Problem of affricates. 12:30 17:00
3 Regional and stylistic varieties of EnglishЖобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
pronunciation баяндама 12:30 17:00
4 Modifications of English consonants and Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
vowels in speech. баяндама 12:30 17:00
5 Adverb Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
баяндама 12:30 17:00
6 Numeral Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
7 Functional parts of speech Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
8 The Composite Sentences. Incomplete Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
two-member sentences. баяндама 12:30 17:00
9 Semasiology as a branch of lexicology. The Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
problem of meaning баяндама 12:30 17:00
10 Semantic change. Polysemy Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
11 English Vocabulary as a system. Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
Lexicography баяндама 12:30 17:00
МӨЖ тапсырмалары
1 Accentual structure of English Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
2 The English Intonation. Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
Its functions, types of nuclear tones баяндама 12:30 17:00
3 English phonemes. Vowel and consonant Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
systems, their modifications in connected баяндама 12:30 17:00
speech
4 The Syllabic Structure of English. The Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
Syllable as a Phonetic and Phonological баяндама 12:30 17:00
Unit. Types of Syllables
5 The domain of theoretical grammar. The Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
subject- matter of morphology and syntax баяндама 12:30 17:00
The subject of theoretical course of
grammar. Theoretical and practical
grammar..
6 The verb. Its characteristics as a part of Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
speech. The semantic morphological and баяндама 12:30 17:00
functional classifications of words.
7 The noun, the category of number in Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
nouns, its peculiarities in the English, баяндама 12:30 17:00
language. The notion of countable and
uncountable nouns. Singularia and
pluraliatantum.
8 Parts of speech. The main criteria applied Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
in discriminating parts of speech. баяндама 12:30 17:00
Difficulties of the problem of classifying
Morphology and Syntax.
9 The word and its properties. The main Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
approaches connected with the problem of баяндама 12:30 17:00
the word as the main language unit.
10 Formal style. Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
11 English vocabulary as a system. Informal Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
style.Colloquial words. Slang баяндама 12:30 17:00
12 Standard English. Variants and dialects Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
13 English phraseology. How distinguish Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
phrase o logical units. баяндама 12:30 17:00
14 Polysemy Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
15 Lexicography Жобаны қорғау, Дүйсенбі Жұма
ОМӨЖ №1
Theme: The system of vowel phonemes in English. Problem of diphthongs.
Тапсырма.
1.Speaking as a productive skill.
2.Psychological and Linguistic characteristics of speech.
3.Monologue and dialogue.
4.Prepared and unprepared speech.
5.Problems with speaking activities.
6.Interactive Techniques for fluency practice.
7. Fluency and accuracy.
8.Role plays, simulations and discussions.
9.Cohesion and coherence in the discourse produced.
10.Testing the spoken language.
Әдістемелік нұсқау.
Classification of vowels according to the following principles: 1) stability of articulation; 2)
tongue position; 3) lip position; 4) character of the vowel end; 5) length; 6) tenseness.
1 Stability of articulation. This principle is not singled out by British and
American phoneticians. Thus, P. Roach writes: "British English (BBC accent) is
generally described as having short vowels, long vowels and diphthongs". According to
Russian scholars vowels are subdivided into: a) monophthongs (the tongue position is stable); b)
diphthongs (it changes, that is the tongue moves from one position to another); c) diphthongoids
(an intermediate case, when the change in the position is fairly weak).
References
1. Соколова М.А., Гинтовт К.П., Тихонова И.С., Тихонова P.M. Теоретическая фонетика
английского языка. М.,” 2011
2.Антипова A.M. Система английской речевой интонации. – М., Высшая школа, 2016
3. Антипова A.M. Ритмическая система английской речи. – М., 2014.
4. ‘Теоретическая фонетика” Амандыкова Г.Астана издательство Фолиант 2010
5.Бондаренко Л.В. Основы общей фонетики. – М., 2014.
6.Бурая Е.А. Фонетика современного английского языка. Теоретический курс: учебник
для студ. лингв. вузов и фак. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2016.
7.Кодзасов С.В. Общая фонетика. – М., 2015.
8.Конурбаев М.Э. Стиль и тембр текста. – М., 2014.
9.Carr Ph. English Phonetics and Phonology. An Introduction. – Oxford
ОМӨЖ № 2
Theme: The system of consonant phonemes in English. Problem of affricates.
Тапсырма.
1. Spoken and written language
2. Classification of pronunciation variants in English. British and American pronunciation
models
3. Types and styles of pronunciation
The articulatory classification of English consonants.Phoneme as many-sided dialectic unity of
language.Types of allophones.Distinctive and irrelevant features of the phoneme.Main
phonological schools.The system of vowel phonemes in English.Problem of diphthongs.The
system of consonant phonemes in English.Problem of affricates.
References
ОМӨЖ № 3
Theme: Regional and stylistic varieties of English pronunciation
Тапсырма.
1. Articulatory classification of English consonants
2.Articulatory classification of English vowels
Every national variety of language falls into territorial or regional dialects. Dialects are
distinguished from each other by differences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.
When we refer to varieties in pronunciation only, we usethe term accent. So local accents may
have many features of pronunciation in common and are grouped into territorial or area accents.
For certain reasons one of the dialects becomes the standard language of the nation and its
pronunciation or accent - the standard pronunciation.
References
ОМӨЖ №4
Theme: Modifications of English consonants and vowels in speech
Тапсырма.
1.Modifications of consonants
2.Modification of vowels
.
Мodifications of consonants
1. Assimilation
1.1. Place of articulation
• t, d > dental before [ð, θ]: eighth, at the, said that
• t, d > post-alveolar before [r]: tree, true, dream, the third room
• s, z > post-alveolar before [∫]: this shop, does she
• t, d > affricates before [j]: graduate, could you
• m > labio-dental before [f]: symphony
• n > dental before [θ]: seventh
• n > velar before [k]: thank
1.2. Manner of articulation
• loss of plosion: glad to see you, great trouble
• nasal plosion: sudden, at night, let me see
• lateral plosion: settle, at last
1.3. Work of the vocal cords
• voiced > voiceless: newspaper, gooseberry (and in grammatical …)
has, is, does > [s]; of, have >[f]
Notice: In English typical assimilation is voiced > voiceless; voiceless > voiced is not typical.
1.4. Degree of noise
• sonorants> are partially devoiced after [p, t, k, s]
2. Accommodation
2.1. Lip position
References
ОМӨЖ № 5
Theme:Adverb
Тапсырма.
1. Morphological- syntactical characteristics of the adverb.
2.Degrees of comparison.
3.Different approaches to the classification of the adverb
-lexico-semantic classification of the adverbs and their difference;
-classification of the adverbs;
-the coherence of the adverbs and other parts of speech.
Numerals.
-the problem of distinguishing numerals as a part of speech;
-the coherence of numerals and other parts of speech.
Semantic properties Morphological properties Syntactical properties Denotes some
circum Stances of characteristic-Form Grammatical Combinability
Simple category Function Features of an event, its Derived Degrees of comparison
Composite 1. positive2.comparative 3.superlative Time, place, manner Compound
Subclasses-Time
9. Interrogative Frequency 10. cause and consequence manner 11.measure Duration
12.formulaic viewpoint adverb 13degree or intensifiers place (location, direction)attitudinal
focusing
References
1. BlokhM.Y. SemyonovaT.N. Timopheyeva S.B.” Practical work on theoretical grammar of the
English language.” Moscow. 2014.
2. Blokh M.Y. “A course in theoretical English Grammar.” Moscow. 2015.
3. Ilyish B. “The Structure of modern English. Leningrad. 2014.
4. Ioffic L.L. Chakhoyan I.P. Pospelova A.G. ”Readings in the theory of English 2015
Grammar.Leningrad. 2014.
5. Khaimovich B.B. Rogovskaya B.I. ”A course in English grammar.” Moscow. 2014.
6. Weighman G.A. “New in modern English Grammar.” 2016
7. Slusareva N.A.” Problems of the functional syntax.” Moscow. 2014.
8. Collins C. “English Grammar.” Harper Collins Publisher. 2015
9.Курс фразеологии современного английского языка.учебное пособие под ред.
Кунина2016
ОМӨЖ № 6
Theme: Numeral
Тапсырма.
1. The definition of the Numeral, its grammatical meaning.
2.Morphological and syntactic functions of the Numeral.
3.The difference between adverbs and particles
The numeral is a part of speech which indicates number or the order of persons and things in a series.
(b) Numerals are united by their semantics only. They have neither morphologic nor syntactic features.
All numerals are subdivided into cardinal and ordinal. Both subclasses can perform equally well the
functions peculiar of nouns and adjectives. Numerals possess a specific word-building system: suffixes –
teen, -ty, -th. Some of them are easily substantivized and treated as nouns.
Semantic properties- the categorical meaning of number.
Morphological properties-no grammatical categories, form-simple, derived, compound
Syntactic properties-Combinability, function in a sentence.
Subclasses: cardinal, ordinal, fractional
References
Кунина2016
ОМӨЖ № 7
Тақырыбы:Functional parts of speech
1.Artile.
2.Particle.
3.Conjunction.
4.Preposition.
5.Modal words.
6.Interjection.
7. Auxiliary verb.
THE FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF SPEECH.
The conjunction.(a) denotes connections between objects and phenomena. It connects parts of
the sentence, clauses, and sentences.(b) functions: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating
conjunctions.1. Copulative conjunctions: and, nor, as well as, both…and, not only…but (also),
neither…nor. 2. Disjunctive conjunctions: or, either…or, or else, else. 3. Adversative
conjunctions: but, while, whereas.
4. Causative-consecutive conjunctions: so, for. Synonymy: in order – so as (that), as if – as
though, etc.
The preposition.relations between objects and phenomena. a noun or a pronoun and other words.
(b) The lexical meaning of some prepositions is quite concrete (e.g. in, below, between, before,
after, till, etc.), while that of some other prepositions may be weakened to a great extent (e.g. to,
by, of).
(c) According to their meanings prepositions may be divided into:
- prepositions of place and direction (in, on, below, under, between, etc.);
- time (after, before, at, etc.);
- prepositions expressing abstract relations (by, with, because of, etc.).
(d) A preposition does not perform any independent function in the sentence; it either reflects a
relation between sentence-members, or is included in a word-combination.
(e) Prepositions may function as other parts of speech (e.g. ups and downs), while other parts of
speech may serve as prepositions (e.g. owing to, in spite of).
Particles.(a) The particle is a part of speech giving modal or emotional emphasis to other words
or groups of words or clauses.
(b) Almost all the particles are homonymous with other parts of speech, chiefly with adverbs
(simply), but also with conjunctions (but), pronouns (all), and adjectives (only). The particles
‘else, solely, merely’ have no homonyms. (c) Particles have no independent function in the
sentence. Thus they may be treated dubiously: either as independent sentence units, or as parts of
the sentence-members they refer to. The article.(a) The article is a structural part of speech used
with nouns.
(b) The categorial status -reflects the category of definiteness or indefiniteness.
(c) ‘zero’ article. (d) The morphological function of the article is that of indicating the noun.
Әдебиет
9.Курс фразеологии современного английского языка.учебное пособие под ред. Кунина
2016
ОМӨЖ № 8
Тақырыбы: The Composite Sentences. Incomplete two-member sentences.
1.Grammatical classification of sentences.
2. The Composite Sentences.
3. Incomplete two-member sentences.
Particles.(a) The particle is a part of speech giving modal or emotional emphasis to other words
or groups of words or clauses.
(b) Almost all the particles are homonymous with other parts of speech, chiefly with adverbs
(simply), but also with conjunctions (but), pronouns (all), and adjectives (only). The particles
‘else, solely, merely’ have no homonyms. (c) Particles have no independent function in the
sentence. Thus they may be treated dubiously: either as independent sentence units, or as parts of
the sentence-members they refer to. The article.(a) The article is a structural part of speech used
with nouns.
(b) The categorial status -reflects the category of definiteness or indefiniteness.
(c) ‘zero’ article. (d) The morphological function of the article is that of indicating the noun.
Әдебиет
ОМӨЖ № 9
Тақырыбы: Semasiology as a branch of lexicology.The problem of meaning
1.Artile.
2.Particle.
3.Conjunction.
4.Preposition.
5.Modal words.
6.Interjection.
7. Auxiliary verb.
The branch of the study of language concerned with the meaning of words and word equivalents
is called semasiology. The name comes from the Greek word semasia meaning signification. As
semasiology deals not with every kind of meaning but with the lexical meaning only, it may be
regarded as a branch of Lexicology.
This does not mean that a semasiologist need not pay attention to the grammatical meaning. On
the contrary, the grammatical meaning must be taken into consideration in so far as it bears a
specific influence upon the lexical meaning.
If treated diachronically, semasiology studies the change in meaning which words undergo.
Descriptive synchronic approach demands a study not of individual words but of semantic
structures typical of the language studied and of its general semantic system.
Әдебиет
1. Arnold I.V. “The English word”. Москва 2014
2. Antrushina G.B. and others.” English lexicology” 2015
3. Ginsburg R.S.and others “A course in & Modern English lexicology” 2014
4.Лексикология современного английского языкаАмандыкова Г.Астана издательство
Фолиант 2016
5.Ginsburg P.S., Khidekel S.S., Knyazeva G.Y., Sankin A.A. A course in modern English
lexicology – M., 2014
6.Arnold J.V. The English word – M., 2015
ОМӨЖ № 10
Тақырыбы: Semantic change. Polysemy
1. Semantic change..
2. Polysemy.
3. Polysementic words.
though, etc.
Әдебиет
Фолиант 2016
7.Курс фразеологии современного английского языка.учебное пособие под ред. Кунина
2016
ОМӨЖ № 11
Тақырыбы: English Vocabulary as a system. Lexicography
1. English Vocabulary as a system.
2. Lexicography.
3. Types of dictionaries.
though, etc.
The preposition.relations between objects and phenomena. a noun or a pronoun and other words.
Әдебиет
Фолиант 2016
9.5 МӨЖ
МӨЖ № 1
Тапсырма.
Accentual structure of English.
If we compare stressed and unstressed syllables in the words contract ['kσntrækt], to contract
[kən'trækt], we may note that in the stressed syllable:
(a) the force is greater, which is connected with more energetic articulation;
(b) the pitch of voice is higher, which is connected with stronger tenseness of the vocal cords
and the walls of the resonance chamber;
(c) the quantity of the vowel [æ] in [kən'trækt] is greater, the vowel becomes longer;
(d) the quality of the vowel [æ] in the stressed syllable is different from the quality of this vowel
in the unstressed position, in which it is more narrow than ['æ].
References
МӨЖ № 2
Тапсырма.
The English Intonation. Its functions, types of nuclear tones.
Many foreign scholars (A. Gimson, R. Kingdon) restrict the formal definition of intonation to
pitch movement alone, though occasionally allowing in variations of loudness as well.
According to D. Crystal, the most important prosodic effects are those conveyed by the
linguistic use of pitch movement, or melody. It is clearly not possible to restrict the term
intonation by the pitch parameters only because generally all the three prosodic parameters
function as a whole though in many cases the priority of the pitch parameter is quite evident.
References
МӨЖ № 3
Тапсырма.
English phonemes. Vowel and consonant systems, their modifications in connected speech
Мind the following principles: i) degree of noise; ii) place of articulation; iii) manner of
articulation; iv) position of the soft palate; v) force of articulation.
(I) There are few ways of seeing situation concerning the classification of English consonants.
According to V.A. Vassilyev primary importance should be given to the type of obstruction
and the manner of production noise. On this ground he distinguishes two large classes:
a) occlusive, in the production of which a complete obstruction is formed; constrictive,
in the production of which an incomplete obstruction is formed. Each of two classless is
subdivided into noise consonants and sonorants. The English diphthongs are, like the
affricates, the object of a sharp phonological controversy, whose essence is the same as in the
case of affricates are the English diphthongs biphonemic sound complexes or composite
monophonemic entities. Problem of length. There are long vowel phonemes in English and short.
However, the length of the vowels is not the only distinctive feature of minimal pairs like Pete
-pit, beet - bit, etc. In other words the difference between i: i. u: - υ is not only quantitative but
also qualitative, which is conditioned by different positions of the bulk of the tongue.
References
МӨЖ № 4
Тапсырма.
The Syllabic Structure of English. The Syllable as a Phonetic and Phonological Unit. Types of
Syllables
Phonemes usually occur in sequences. Sound sequences are pronounced in such a way, that not
all the sounds are uttered with the same degree of force, the energy with which we articulate
alternately increases and diminishes. Certain sounds are pronounced louder than the other ones.
When we listen to the word even we’ll hear a distinct rise of prominence and loudness in
pronouncing the [i:] sound. Several theories have been created to explain the mechanism of
syllabic formation. Some explained the phenomenon of syllable formation by muscular tension
impulses (L.V. Shcherba), some proclaimed a “loudness theory” (N.I. Zhinkin), others describe
it as “sonority theory” (O.Jesperson). This phenomenon can be analyzed on phonetic (the way
we produce them) and phonological (the way phonemes are combined) levels. Phonetically a
syllable is a sound sequence, consisting of a centre which has little or no obstruction to airflow
and which sounds comparatively loud; before and after this centre there will be greater
obstruction to airflow and less loud sound. In pronouncing a syllable the energy of articulation
increases until it reaches its climax - the most energetically articulated sound - the syllabic
phoneme (or the nucleus), one or more phonemes that follow it (the coda) are pronounced with
less energy, the weakest articulation marks the boundary between two syllables. Some syllables
have an onset – sounds that precede the nucleus, as in bar, key, law. There is no syllable without
the nucleus, the presence of the onset and coda is optional. Usually the nucleus is a vowel,
though in some languages this function can be performed by a consonant. In English, for
example, the sonorants [l-m-n] can become syllabic if they occur in an unstressed final position
preceded by a noise consonant, as in ˈgarden, ˈsettle, ˈtable.
References
МӨЖ № 5
Тапсырма.
The domain of theoretical grammar. The subject- matter of morphology and syntax The subject
of theoretical course of grammar. Theoretical and practical grammar.
The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics defines morphology as 'The study of the
grammatical structures of words and the categories realised by them', and syntax as 'The study of
grammatical relations between words and other units within the sentence'.
As you point out in your question these (pretty standard) definitions depend on the notion 'word'
to delimit the domains of each subject. The notion of 'word' is problematic as there's no good
definition that applies across all languages. It seems that it's best (or easiest) to define 'word' on a
language by language basis, although even then there are problems as different kinds of 'word'
can often be distinguished depending on the sets of criteria used: often there is a 'prosodic word'
(defined on phonological bases) which differs from the 'grammatical word' (defined in terms of
morphosyntax).
References
Кунина2016
МӨЖ № 6
Тапсырма.
The verb. Its characteristics as a part of speech. The semantic morphological and functional
classifications of words.
Verbs are subdivided into the sets of verbs of full nominative value (notional) and sets of verbs
of partial nominative value semi-notional and functional verbs). Notional verbs are classified on
the basis of three main principles: the relation of the subject of the verb to the process denoted by
the verb, the aspective verbal semantics, the verbal combinability with other language units.
According to the first criterion all notional verbs are devided into two sets: actiomal and
functional.The category of voice,reflects the direction of the processas regards the participants in
the situation denoted by a syntactic construction. Like the finite forms of the verb, the verbals
have a distinction between active and passive, as will readily be seen from the following
oppositions:
(to) read— (to) be read
(to) have read — (to) have been read
reading— being read
having read — having been read
As to other possible voices (reflexive, reciprocal, and middle) there is no reason whatever to treat
the verbals in a different way from the finite forms. Thus, if we deny the existence of these
voices in the finite forms, we must also deny it in the verbals.
To sum up, then, what wo have found out concerning the categories in the verbals, we can say
that all of them have the categories of correlation and voice; the infinitive, in addition, has the
category of aspect. None of the verbals has the categories of tense, mood, person, or number.
References
Кунина2016
МӨЖ № 7
Тапсырма.
The noun, the category of number in nouns, its peculiarities in the English language. The notion
of countable and uncountable nouns. Singularia and pluralia tantum.
The noun in Modern English has only two grammatical categories, number and case. The
existence of case appears to be doubtful and has to be carefully analysed.
The Modern English noun certainly has not got the category of grammatical gender, which is
to be found, for example, in Russian, French, German and Latin. Not a single noun in Modern
English shows any peculiarities in its morphology due to its denoting a male or a female being.
Thus, the words husband and wife do not show any difference in their forms due to the
peculiarities of their lexical meanings.
Do the practical tasks.Analyze the following groups of words, Supply their derivation formulas
and state differences in the meanings of affixes attended to different stems use transformation if
helpful -British, Spanish, bookish, sheepish, childish, thinnest, starfish, flourish, goodish,
lionfish.
Cassification of pronouns into personal, possessive, interrogative, indefinite, relative, etc. It is
clear, however, that some points in that classification are not grammatical at all. Thus, if we say,
for example, that a pronoun is indefinite we do not characterize it from a grammatical but from a
semantic point of view. There is no doubt that the pronoun something is indefinite in its
meaning, but that indefiniteness of meaning is in no way reflected either in its morphological
properties or in its syntactical functions.
References
Кунина2016
МӨЖ № 8
Тапсырма.
Parts of speech. The main criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Difficulties of the
problem of classifying. Morphology and Syntax.
Decide to what parts of speech the words italicized may be assigned
After the conversation he went back to the memory of the previous afternoon, just recalling
fragments of friendliness and exactly revealed solicitude (Cronin)
Ten years after his famous experiment was performed
His work began at eight and he when on working till midnight. He went to bed only when he
finished it up. Too tired to work, too dulled to talk and simply vaguely satisfied that he had just
managed to complete the minimum (Wilson)
One of the things that surely served to darken Clyde’s mood just about the time when he was
seeking some practical Solution for himself… was the fact that his sister ran away with an actor.
(Dreiser)
write all types of pronouns and supply each of them with 5 examples.
Think of the meaning the “S”-morpheme signifies in a particular case. Tell of each “S”-form
whether it is an instance of plural number form the “S” morpheme is a word – building suffix.
Set up arguments.
Air- airs ice-ices spade-spades
Ash-ashes art-arts score-scores
Custom-customs slip-slips work-works
Spectacle-spectacles part-parts sand-sands
Appointment-appointments wage-wages respect-respects
References
Кунина2016
МӨЖ № 9
Тапсырма.
The word and its properties. The main approaches connected with the problem of the word as the
main language unit.
If 'word' can be precisely defined in a given language then the domains of morphology and
syntax can be fairly clearly distinguished, but if not then there is not a clear boundary.
So cross-linguistically the notion of 'word' is fuzzy, as are the terms 'morphology' and 'syntax'.
But for most languages, and in most cases, it's still pretty clear what's meant by these terms; and
of course there's the term 'morphosyntax' for boundary cases. So while these two terms are not
precise they are still useful as a general way of referring to certain domains within a language.
Литература
Фолиант 2016
7.Antrushina G.B., Apfanasieva O.V. Lexicology of the English language – 2014
8.Арнольд И. В. Лексикология современного английского языка: учебник для институтов
и факультетов иностранных языков – 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: Высшая школа, 2016
9.Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. учебное пособие под ред. Кунина.
2016
МӨЖ № 10
Тапсырма.
Formal style.
Formal words fall into two main groups: words associated with professional communication and
learned words.
Learned words are mainly associated with the printed page, they include numerous words of
scientific prose with their dry, matter-of-fact flavour as well as officialese, i.e. words of the
official, bureaucratic language.
Words of poetic fiction also belong to learned words. Archaic and obsolete words are out of oral
circulation. They are used in historical novels, in poetry.
The borderline between obsolete and archaic words is vague and uncertain.
There is a further term for words which are no longer in use: historicism, which denote objects
and phenomena of the past and no longer exist.
Thousands of words belong to special scientific, professional or trade terminological systems
and are not used or understood by people outside the particular specialty. Term is a word which
is specifically employed by a particular branch of science, technology or the arts to convey a
concept peculiar to this particular activity.
Words of basic vocabulary are stylistically neutral, the latter makes it possible to use them in all
kinds of situations, both formal and informal.
In teaching a foreign language, the basic vocabulary words comprise the essential part of the
students’ functional vocabulary.
References
Фолиант 2016
МӨЖ № 11
Тапсырма.
English vocabulary as a system. Informal style. Colloquial words. Slang
On the morphological level words are divided into four groups according to their morphological
structure:
1) root or morpheme words (dog, hand);
2) derivatives, which contain no less than two morphemes (dogged (ynpямый), doggedly; handy,
handful);
3) compound words consisting of not less than two free morphemes (dog-cheap-"very cheap",
dog-days - "hottest part of the year"; handbook, handball)
4) compound derivatives (dog-legged - "crooked or bent like a dog's hind leg", left-handed).
This grouping is considered to be the basis for lexicology.
Another type of traditional lexicological grouping as known as word-families such as: hand,
handy, handicraft, handbag, handball, handful, hand-made,handsome, etc.
A very important type of non-semantic grouping for isolated lexical units is based on a statistical
analysis of their frequency. Frequency counts carried out for practical purposes of lexicology,
language teaching and shorthand show important correlations between quantative and qualitative
characteristics of lexical units, the most frequent words being polysemantic and stylistically
neutral. The frequency analysis singles out two classes:
1) notional words;
2) form (or functional) words.
References
Фолиант 2016
2016
МӨЖ № 12
Тапсырма.
Standard English. Variants and dialects
Although a standard English is generally used in public and official settings, a range
of registers (stylistic levels) exists within any standardized English, as is often seen when
comparing a newspaper article with an academic paper, for example. A distinction also may be
drawn between spoken and written forms of standard English, which tend to follow different
norms of formality. Furthermore, vernacular dialects are looser than codified standards, and
quicker to accept new grammatical forms and vocabulary. The various local standard varieties
are characterized by a generally accepted set of rules, often those established by prescriptive
grammarians of the 18th century.
References
Фолиант 2016
2016
МӨЖ № 13
Тапсырма.
English phraseology. How distinguish phrase and logical units.
Phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other
types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred to as phrasemes), in which the
component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not
predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently. For example, ‘Dutch
auction’ is composed of the words Dutch ‘of or pertaining to the Netherlands’ and auction ‘a
public sale in which goods are sold to the highest bidder’, but its meaning is not ‘a sale in the
Netherlands where goods are sold to the highest bidder’. Instead, the phrase has a
conventionalized meaning referring to any auction where, instead of rising, the prices fall.
1) phraseological fusions- non-motivated word groups , the meaning of components is
completely absorbed
2) phraseological unities motivated word groups, the emotional qualitiy is based upon the
metaphorical image
3) phraseological. Combinations motivated word groups, one component is used in its direct
meaning, the second- metaphorically.
References
Фолиант 2016
2016
МӨЖ № 14
Тапсырма.Polysemy
Polysemy (/pəˈlɪsɪmi/ or /ˈpɒlɪsiːmi/;[1][2] from Greek: πολύ-, polý-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma,
"sign") is the capacity for a sign (such as a word, phrase, or symbol) to have multiple meanings
(that is, multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses), usually related by contiguity
of meaning within a semantic field. Polysemy is thus distinct from homonymy—or homophony
—which is an accidental similarity between two words (such as bear the animal, and the verb to
bear); while homonymy is often a mere linguistic coincidence, polysemy is not.
Charles Fillmore and Beryl Atkins' definition stipulates three elements: (i) the various senses of a
polysemous word have a central origin, (ii) the links between these senses form a network, and
(iii) understanding the 'inner' one contributes to understanding of the 'outer' one.[3]
Polysemy is a pivotal concept within disciplines such as media studies and linguistics. The
analysis of polysemy, synonymy, and hyponymy and hypernymy is vital
to taxonomy and ontology in the information-science senses of those terms. It has applications
in pedagogy and machine learning, because they rely on word-sense
disambiguation and schemas.
References
Фолиант 2016
2016
МӨЖ № 15
Theme: Lexicography
Lexicography is the process of writing, editing, and/or compiling a dictionary. An author or
editor of a dictionary is called a lexicographer. The processes involved in the compilation and
implementation of digital dictionaries (such as Merriam-Webster Online) is known as e-
lexicography.
"The fundamental difference between lexicography and linguistics," says Sven Tarp, "is that they
have two completely different subject fields: The subject field of linguistics is language, whereas
the subject field of lexicography is dictionaries and lexicographic works in general" References
Фолиант 2016
7. Antrushina G.B., Apfanasieva O.V. Lexicology of the English language – 2014
8. Арнольд И. В. Лексикология современного английского языка: учебник для институтов
9. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка. учебное пособие под ред. Кунина.
2016

СРМП, СРМ

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

СРМП, СРМ

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8.

ОМӨЖ, МӨЖ кестесі:

You might also like