II PU WORK SHEET THREE DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY - 11

THREE DIMENTIONAL GEOMETRY

[MCQ × 𝟏+ FB× 𝟏 +2 M× 𝟏 + 5 M× 𝟏 = (4) 9 marks]
MCQ
1. For any line, if a, b, c are direction ratios of a line, then number of sets of direction
ratios
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinitely many sets.
ANSWER:
2. Let a, b, c direction ratios and l, m and n be the direction cosines of a line, such that
𝑙 𝑚 𝑛
= = 𝑐 = 𝑘,then k is equal to
𝑎 𝑏
1 1
(A) ±√𝑎2 (B) ± (C) ± 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 (D) ± √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 .
+𝑏 2 +𝑐 2 𝑎2 +𝑏 2 +𝑐 2

ANSWER:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,then direction
3. If 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛾 are direction angles of a directed line 𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ are
angles of the directed line 𝑃𝑂
(A) 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 (B) −𝛼, −𝛽, − 𝛾
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(C) 𝜋 − 𝛼, 𝜋 − 𝛽, 𝜋 − 𝛾 (D) − 𝛼, 2 − 𝛽, 2 − 𝛾
2

ANSWER:
4. If a line makes an angles α, β, γ with the positive direction of the
co-ordinate axes. Then sin2α + sin2β + sin2γ =
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) -1
ANSWER:
5. If a line makes an angles α, β, γ with the positive direction of the
co-ordinate axes. Then cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ =
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) -1
ANSWER:
6. A line makes equal angles with co–ordinate axes, then direction
cosines of the lines are
1 1 1
(A) ±1, ±1, ±1) (B) ± ,± ,±
√3 √3 √3
1 1 1 1 ±1 1
(C) ,− ,- (D) ± , , ±3
√3 √3 √3 3 3

ANSWER:

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𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
7. If a line makes 2 , , with x, y, z axes resply, then its direction
4 4

cosines are
1 1 1 1
(A) 0 , - , (B) 0 , - ,−
√2 √2 √2 √2
1 1 1 1
(C) 1 , , (D) 0 , ,
√2 √2 √2 √2

ANSWER:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
8. If a line makes 2 , , with x, y, z axes resply, then its direction
3 6

cosines are
√3 1 1 √3
(A) 0 , - , (B) 0 , ,
2 2 2 2

√3 1
(C) 0, , (D) none of these
2 2

ANSWER:
9. If the direction cosines of a line is k, k, k, thee
1 1
(A) k> 0 (B) 0<k<1 (C) k = 1 (D) k = or -
√3 √3

ANSWER:
10. The direction cosines of the line passing through the two points (– 2, 4, – 5) and
(1, 2, 3).
3 2 8
(A) 3 , −2 , 8 (B) ,− ,
√77 √77 √77
3 2 8
(C) −3 , 2 , −8 (D) , − 77 , 77
77

ANSWER:
11. The direction cosines of x, -axis.
(A) 0 , 1 , 0 (B) 0 , 0 , 1 (C) 1 , 0 , 0 (D) 0 , 1 , 1
ANSWER:
12. The direction cosines of y, -axis.
(A) 0 , 1 , 0 (B) 0 , 0 , 1 (C) 1 , 0 , 0 (D) 1 , 0 , 1
ANSWER:
13. The direction cosines of z, -axis.
(A) 0 , 1 , 0 (B) 0 , 0 , 1 (C) 1 , 0 , 0 (D) 1 , 1 , 0
ANSWER:
14. The direction ratios of x, -axis.
(A) 0 , k , 0 (B) 0 , 0 , 𝑘 (C) 𝑘 , 0 , 0 (D) k , 𝑘 , 𝑘
ANSWER:
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15. If a line has the direction ratios 2, -1, –2, then its direction cosines
2 1 2 2 1 2
(A) –2 , 1 , 2 (B) ,- , − 3 or − 3 , ,
3 3 √2 3
2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
(C) − 3 , , or , , (D) 3 , - , − 3 or , , −3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

ANSWER:
16. The equation of the line through the point (5, 2, -4) and which is parallel to the vector
3𝑖̂+ 2𝑗̂ - 8𝑘̂ is
x−3 y−2 z+8
(A) r = (5î + 2 ̂j, − 4k̂) + λ(3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ ) (B) = =
5 2 −4
x+5 y+2 z+4
(C) r = (3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 8𝑘̂ ) + λ (5î + 2 ̂j, − 4k̂) (D) = =
3 2 −8

ANSWER:
x−5 y+4 z−6
17. The Cartesian equation of the line is = = , then vector equation of the line is
3 7 2

j, 6k̂) + λ(3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )

(A) r = (−5î + 4 ̂−

(B) r = (5î + 4 ̂j, − 6k̂) + λ(3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )

j, 6k̂) + λ(3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ )

(C) r = (5î − 4 ̂+

(D) r = (3𝑖̂ + 7𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ ) + λ(5î − 4 ̂+

j, 6k̂)
ANSWER:
18. The equations of the lines that passes through the origin and (5, – 2, 3) is
x y z x y z
(A) =2=3 (B) = −2 = 3
5 5
x+5 y−2 z+3 x−5 y+2 z−3
(C) = = (D) = =
5 2 3 5 2 3

ANSWER:
19. The equation of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origin is
x y z x y z
(A) =1=1 (B) =0=0
0 1
x+5 y−2 z+3 x−5 y+2 z−3
(C) = = (D) = =
0 1 0 0 0 1

ANSWER:
20. The equation of x-axis is
(A) x = 0 (B) y = 0 and z=0 (C) x = 0 and y=0 (D) y = 0
ANSWER:
𝑥+1 𝑦−2 𝑧+3 𝑥−1 𝑦+2 𝑧−3
21. The angle between the straight lines = = and = = is
7 −5 1 1 2 3
(A) 450 (B) 300 (C) 60 0
(D) 90 0

ANSWER:

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𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−6

22. Lines = = and = = are perpendicular, then 𝑘 =
−3 2𝑘 2 3𝑘 1 −5
10 10 7 7
(A) − (B) (C) − 10 (D)
7 7 10
ANSWER:
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧−6
23. Lines = = and = = are perpendicular, then 𝑘 =
3 2𝑝 2 3𝑝 1 5
10 10 11 11
(A) − 11 (B) (C) − 10 (D)
11 10
ANSWER:
24. Find the angle between the lines whose direction ratios are a, b, c and
b – c, c – a, a – b is
(A) 450 (B) 300 (C) 600 (D) 900
ANSWER:
25. The angle between two diagonals of a cube is
1 2 1
(A) cos −1 (3) (B) cos −1 (3) (C) tan−1 √2 (D) cos −1 (2)
ANSWER:
𝑥−1 𝑦−1 𝑧 𝑥−2 𝑦−1 𝑧−1
26. Two lines = = and = = are
2 −1 1 3 −5 2

(A) ||r (B) ⊥r (C) skew lines (D) lines

ANSWER:
27. If the line makes angles 90o, 60o and 45o with the positive direction of
x , y and z-axes respectively. Find its direction cosines.
1 1 1 1
(A) 0 , , (B) 0 , - ,−
2 √2 2 √2

1 1 √3 1
(C) 1 , , (D) 0 , ,
2 √2 2 √2

ANSWER:
28. Find the direction ratios of a line joining the points (-2, 4, 5) and (1, 2, 3).
(A) 3 , -2 , 2 (B) 3 , -2 , 2 (C) -3 , 2 , 2 (D) -3 , -2 , −2
ANSWER:
𝑥−5 𝑦−2 𝑧+4
29. Find the direction cosines of the line = =
3 2 −8
3 2 8
(A) 3 , 2 , −8 (B) ,- ,−
√77 √77 √77
5 2 4 5 2 4
(C) , ,− (D) , ,−
√77 √77 √77 √45 √45 √45

ANSWER:
30. Two lines with direction ratios a1, b1, c1 and a2, b2, c2 are
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(A) perpendicular , if 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 (B) parallel , if a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
2 2 2

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(C) parallel, if √𝑎1 2 + 𝑏1 2 + 𝑐1 2 OR √𝑎2 2 + 𝑏2 2 + 𝑐2 2 (D) parallel , if 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1
2 2 2

ANSWER:
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2 Marks Questions
1. Show that the points A (2, 3, – 4), B (1, – 2, 3) and C (3, 8, – 11) are collinear.
Solution :

2. Show that the points (2, 3, 4), (– 1, – 2, 1), (5, 8, 7) are collinear.
Solution :

3. Show that the line through the points (1, – 1, 2), (3, 4, – 2) is perpendicular to the
line through the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).
Solution :

4. Show that the line through the points (4, 7, 8), (2, 3, 4) is parallel to the line
through the points (– 1, – 2, 1), (1, 2, 5).
Solution :

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x−5 y+4 z−6

5. The Cartesian equation of the line is = = .Find the vector
3 7 2
equation of the line.
Solution :

6. Find the equation of the line through the point (1, 2, 3) and which is
parallel to the vector 3𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ - 2 𝑘̂
Solution:

7. Find the cartesian equation of the line through the point (5, 2, -4) and
which is parallel to the vector 3𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ - 8 𝑘̂.
Solution :

8. Find the equation of the line in vector form that passes through
the point with position vector 2 iˆ− j + 4 kˆ and is in the direction iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ .
Solution :

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9. Find the equation of the line in Cartesian form that passes through
the point with position vector 2 iˆ− j + 4 kˆ and is in the direction iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ .
Solution :

10. Find the equation of a line parallel to x-axis and passing through the origin.
Solution :

11. Find the cartesian equation of the line through the point (1, 2, 3) and
which is parallel to the vector 3𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ - 2 𝑘̂.
Solution :

𝐱+𝟑 𝐲–𝟏 𝐳+ 𝟑 𝐱+𝟏 𝐲–𝟒 𝐳−𝟓

12. Find the angle between the pair of lines = = and = =
𝟑 𝟓 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
Solution :

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13. ⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ - 4 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)

Find the angle between the pair of lines𝒓
⃗ = 5𝑖̂ - 2 𝑗̂+ 𝝁 (3𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ +6 𝑘̂)
and𝒓
Solution :

𝟏−𝐱 𝟕𝐲 – 𝟏𝟒 𝐳− 𝟑 𝟕−𝟕𝐱 𝐲–𝟓 𝟔−𝐳

14. Find the value of p, so that the lines = = and = = are
𝟑 𝟐𝒑 𝟐 𝟑𝒑 𝟏 𝟓
at right angles.
Solution :

𝐱−𝟏 𝐲−𝟐 𝐳− 𝟑 𝐱−𝟏 𝐲 –𝟏 𝐳−𝟔

15. Find the value of k, so that the lines = = and = = are at
−𝟑 𝟐𝒌 𝟐 𝟑𝒌 𝟏 −𝟓
right angles.
Solution :

x−5 y+2 z x y z
16. Show that lines = = and = = are ⊥r to each other.
7 −5 1 1 2 3
Solution :

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17. ⃗ = 2𝑖̂ -5 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝟑𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂)

Find the angle between the pair of lines𝒓
⃗ = 7𝑖̂ - 6 𝑗̂+ 𝝁 (𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ +2 𝑘̂)
and𝒓
Solution :

18. ⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ -2𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂ -2𝑘̂)

Find the angle between the pair of lines𝒓
⃗ = 2𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂- 56𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (3𝑖̂ -5 𝑗̂ -4𝑘̂)
and𝒓
Solution :

𝐱−𝟐 𝐲–𝟏 𝐳+ 𝟑 𝐱+𝟐 𝐲–𝟒 𝐳−𝟓

19. Find the angle between the pair of lines = = and = =
𝟐 𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟖 𝟒
Solution :

𝐱 𝒚 𝒛 𝐱−𝟓 𝐲–𝟐 𝐳−𝟑

20. Find the angle between the pair of lines = = and = =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟖
Solution :

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3 Marks Questions
⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ - 4 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (2𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂)
1. Find the distance between the lines 𝒓
⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ -5 𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (2𝑖̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 6𝑘̂)
and 𝒓
Solution :

⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 3 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝑖̂ - 3 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂)
2. Find the distance between the lines 𝒓
⃗ = 4𝑖̂ + 5 𝑗̂ + 6 𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (2𝑖
and𝒓 ̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
Solution:

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⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
3. Find the distance between the lines 𝒓
⃗ = 2𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂ - 𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (2𝑖
and𝒓 ̂ + 3 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
Solution:

⃗ = 6𝑖̂ + 2 𝑗̂ + 2 𝑘̂ + 𝝀 (𝑖̂ - 2 𝑗̂ +2 𝑘̂ )
4. Find the distance between the lines 𝒓
⃗ = -4𝑖̂ - 𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (3𝑖
and𝒓 ̂ -2 𝑗̂ -2 𝑘̂)
Solution:

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5. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are
⃗ = (𝟏 − 𝒕)𝑖̂ + (t-2) 𝑗̂ +(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒕) 𝑘̂ and 𝒓
𝒓 ⃗ = (𝒔 + 𝟏)𝑖̂ + (2s -1) 𝑗̂ - (𝟐𝒔 + 𝟏) 𝑘̂
Solution:

6. Find the distance between the lines l1& l2 whose vector equations are
⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂+ 𝝀 (2𝑖̂ - 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) and𝒓
𝒓 ⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ - 𝑘̂+ 𝝁 (3𝑖̂ -5 𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂).
Solution :

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𝐱+𝟏 𝐲+ 𝟏 𝐳+ 𝟏 𝐱−𝟑 𝐲–𝟓 𝐳−𝟕

7. Find the distance between the lines = = and = =
𝟕 −𝟔 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏
Solution :

8. Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, – 4) and
𝐱−𝟖 𝐲+𝟏𝟗 𝐳−𝟏𝟎 𝐱−𝟏𝟓 𝐲 – 𝟐𝟗 𝐳−𝟓
perpendicular to the two lines: = = and = =
𝟑 −𝟏𝟔 𝟕 𝟑 𝟖 −𝟓
Solution :

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5 Marks Question
1. Derive the equation of the line in space passing through a given point
and parallel to a given vector both in vector and Cartesian form.
Solution :

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2. Derive the shortest distance between the two skew-lines both in vector and Cartesian form.
Solution :

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