ADVANTAGES OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) IN IMPROVING THE

COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTRUCTION AND

DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

Espiritu, Daniel Fernando C

2019-06577
 CHAPTER III. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

This research will be adopting a systematic literature review methodology to

achieve research objectives of determining the advantages of Building Information

Modeling (BIM) in improving the cost effectiveness of and resource efficiency of

construction and demolition waste management in the Philippines. And specifically, to

answer (a) how BIM can be used for efficiently choosing cost effective resources for

construction and (b) how BIM can optimize waste reduction, recycling process, and

sustainable management strategies.

A systematic literature review (SLR) is an independent academic method that

aims to identify all relevant literature on a topic in order to derive conclusions about the

question under consideration (Technische Universitat Berline, n.d.). It synthesizes all

available evidence on a particular research question. It aims for a comprehensive and

unbiased overview of the existing literature, often to inform empirical research, policy

development, or theoretical advancement.

Consideration of prior and relevant literature is essential for all research

disciplines and all research projects. When reading an article, independent of discipline,

the author begins by describing previous research to map and assess the research area

to motivate the aim of the study and justify the research question and hypotheses

(Snyder, 2019). This is generally referred to as the literature review, theoretical

framework, or research background. A systematic literature review as a research

methodology as a different approach from the review of related literature. They are two

distinct approaches, and they serve different purposes. A systematic literature review is
characterized by a more rigorous and systematic approach, whereas a review of related

literature may be more narrative and context-driven.

Systematic literature review (SLR) differs from traditional narrative reviews by

adopting replicable, scientific and transparent producers. It helps to collect all related

publications and documents that fit our predefined inclusion criteria to answer a specific

research question. It uses unambiguous and systematic procedures to minimize the

occurrence of bias during searching, identification, appraisal, synthesis, analysis, and

summary of studies. When the procedure is done properly and has minimal error, the

study can provide reliable findings and reliable conclusions that could help

decision-makers and scientific practitioners to act accordingly (Mengist et al., 2020).

This research utilizes academic databases for peer-reviewed articles to conclude

and answer the research questions.

Sampling and Data Collection Method

This research will be utilizing academic databases (e.g;.., PubMed, IEEE Xplore,

Science Direct, and Scopus) for sampling and getting peer-reviewed articles. The

relevant literature will be collected using a keyword-based search from electronic

academic databases. The keywords that will be used for searching are “Building

Information Modelling”, “Construction and Demolition Waste Management”, “BIM

applications in sustainability”, “Life Cycle Assessment in Construction”, “Cost

effectiveness of BIM in construction and demolition industry”, “BIM in construction and

demolition waste management”.

 The searched peer-reviewed articles will be narrowed down from documents

published in the last decade (2010 to present) so as to review recent studies done in the

field to avoid reviewing the outmoded studies. A research conducted by Han et al., in

2021 used a systematic literature review methodology to identify the existing challenges

and future solutions to realizing BIM-based demolition waste management. In the

research, 57% of the papers published coincide with the groups of journals with the

highest Impact Factor and Cite Score. Therefore, it validates the reliability of the

theories and data derived from the papers.

Another research conducted by Ginga et al., in 2020 used a comprehensive and

modern method of literature review to address the circular economy on construction and

demolition waste. Abstracts and part of the entire article of 360 documents were read

and analyzed. From those documents, 4 major topics were formed. And the research

concluded that current frameworks in circular economy, construction and demolition

waste, and material recovery and production focusing on reuse and recycling show a

consistent drive into promoting a circular economy in the construction and demolition

industry.

Data Management Strategies

From the initial documents/peer-reviewed articles collected through search

keywords in academic databases, an initial screening will be conducted. The documents

searched will be exported to Microsoft Excel. Filters will be applied to delete duplicate

articles. Adding criteria for the literature search will be made. Criteria such as language,

publish date boundaries, type, country/region restrictions, and exclusions.

 For the language criteria, articles that are published and written in languages

other than english will be omitted. For the publication date boundaries, only articles

published from 2010 to present will be included to avoid reviewing outmoded studies.

The initial screening also excludes studies that do not focus on BIM applications in

construction and demolition waste management.

After the initial screening, the remaining articles will be subjected to text review.

The full-text review will consist of evaluation of the title and abstract of the remaining

articles. This will be done by manually reading the abstracts and parts of the entire

articles considering the following criteria:

● Studies that assess the use of BIM in construction and demolition waste

management.

● Studies that assess the cost effectiveness of BIM in the construction and

demolition industry.

● Studies that assess the economy of the construction and demolition industry in

the Philippines.

After the title and abstract screening, there will be an in-depth review screening.

Assessments of the methodological quality of the remaining articles will be made.

Finally, all remaining articles will undergo the impact factor and cite score screening.

The impact factor (IF) represents the influential level of the article while the citation

score is the citation frequency of the article. The figure below depicts the literature

selection procedure in a flow diagram.

Figure 1. Systematic review procedure flow diagram.

Lastly, for the data extraction, relevant information such as research objectives,

methodologies, key findings, and limitations will be extracted from the remaining articles

and will be subjected for data analysis.

Data Analysis Strategies

For the data analysis strategies, the primary analysis for the extracted data from

the remaining articles will be thematic analysis. By utilizing electronic text analytic tool, a

software that makes data science easy with tools to access and preprocess data, build

machine learning and predictive models, and deploy models to enterprise IT systems,

the abstracts were preprocessed applying a Latent Dirichlet Allocation model or LDA,
which is a particularly common method for fitting a topic model and is a kind of algorithm

that is a three-level hierarchical Bayesian-modeling process which groups a set of items

into topics defined by words or terms to discover the underlying topics among the

articles (Whye et al., 2021).

All the data extracted will be categorized into themes related to Building

information modeling in construction and demolition waste management. From the

themes, there will be an identification of recurring patterns, trends, and gaps in the

literature. The quality of the literature will be assessed. There will be an evaluation of

the methodological rigor of the selected studies to establish consistency in the methods

used over time. For the reliability and validity of the findings, the impact factor and the

cite score will be assessed.

Limitation

While systematic literature review (SLR) is a valuable research method for

synthesizing and analyzing existing literature on a specific topic, they also come with

limitations. According to Owens (2021) limitations may include risks of bias, such as

selection bias, inadequate blinding, attrition bias, and selective outcome reporting;

inconsistency that includes clinical or statistical heterogeneity; and imprecision that can

lead to errors.

Common limitations of systematic literature reviews are Publication Bias, SLR

may be susceptible to publication bias, where studies with positive or significant results

are more likely to be published than those with negative or non-significant findings.

Incomplete Retrieval of Relevant Studies, some studies may be missed or omitted due
to limitations in databases and search items. Quality and Heterogeneity of Studies,

studies in SLR may vary in terms of methodological quality, study design, and research

objectives. Time Constraints, conducting SLR can be time-consuming. Resource

Intensity, SLR requires significant resources, including time, expertise, and access to

databases. Difficulty in Quantifying Qualitative Data, SLR often includes both

quantitative and qualitative studies, and while there are established methods for

synthesizing quantitative data, the synthesis of qualitative data may lack standardized

approaches. Interpretation and Subjectivity, the process of data systematically and

interpretation involves some level of subjectivity.

 References

Ginga, C. P., Ongpeng, J. M. C., & Daly, M. K. M. (2020). Materials. Circular Economy

on Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Review on Material

Recovery and Production.

Han, D., Kalantari, M., & Rajabifard, A. (2021). Sustainability. Building Information

Modeling (BIM) for Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Australia:

A Research Agenda.

Mengist, W., Soromessa, T., & Legese, G. (2020). MethodsX. Method for conducting

systematic literature review and meta-analysis for environmental science

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Owens, J. K. (2021). Systematic reviews: Brief overview of methods, limitations, and

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Snyder, H. (2019). Jornal of Busines Research. Literature review as a research

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