ALWAYS TRUE Two and two make four. HABITS She plays tennis every Tuesday. Use with: twice a month, on Fridays, often, sometimes. FUTURE TIMETABLES Our train leaves at 11am. Use with: this evening, at 10 o'clock, tomorrow. Perfect English Grammar PERMANENT SITUATIONS I live in London. SHORT ACTIONS NOW He takes the ball and scores a goal! dt} PRESENT SIMPLE ut FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES | won't go out until it stops raining. Use with: until, when, as soon as, after, before.Present Simple Uses ——————S————_—_—_ Classroom Activities Scientific Facts. Moe eel ord around the Sun. Family Relationships i Pie mentee ae ere) Travel and Vacations ORC Cig Cee : ef Weather Conditions Fi Sy The sun shines brightly. Time Expressions Rec ein on time. Verbs of Perception Rye ea cele Sports and Activities Likes and Dislikes BT AU ME a I play tennis every PTS a Daily Routines Bs Hobbies and Interest: ee aie To Seem mt) aCe) Bs fUuies RMU) tela englishan.comUNFINISHED ACTIONS NOW I'm working at the moment. Use with: now, at the moment. iss PRESENT CONTINUOU: Perfect English Grammar TEMPORARY SITUATIONS I'm living in London. Use with: at the moment, for a few weeks, for a couple of months. TEMPORARY HABITS He's eating a lot these days. Use with: at the moment, these days. ANNOYING HABITS You're forever losing your keys! Use with: always, forever, constantly. DEFINITE FUTURE PLANS I'm meeting my father tomorrow. Use with: tomorrow, later, at 7pm tonight, on Tuesday.He is playing. He isn't playing. Is he playing? Jim is watching television at the moment. John is working in London. I'm taking my French class on Tuesday. I'm staying with a friend for a few days. That child is always crying for no good reason. Her health is improving by leaps and bounds. @ Es_LcomUNA STES Ts5) HOW LONG iJ °4 3 WIS I've known Karen since 1994. She's lived in London for three years. PERFECT SIMPLE a / Use with: since 2010, since July, for ten years, for three days. UNFINISHED TIME WORD I haven't seen her this month. FINISHED Use with: this week, today, this PRESENT RESULT Ie lost my keys (so | can't get into my house). LIFE EXPERIENCE I've been to Tokyo. Use with: ever, never. NEWS / RECENT EVENTS The Queen has given a speech. Use with: just/ yet / already / recently. Perfect English GrammarWhen the event happened at an unspecified timein the past. For things we have done in our lives life experiences) but ‘we don’t say WHEN they happened. 4 live met the President. We don't say ¢ She's won many awards. WHEN these 4 We've done thisbefore. things happened ¢ He hasiappeared onTv. _ in the past. ‘Thisis an action that happened in the past (often recent past) buthasa connection tonow or aresultin the present. @ ee too mache eee ee ‘¢ They've studied forthe test, rej areikaytopasst row E 4 He's lost his keys. ‘Nowhecart ents shure) ¢ She's had some bad news. towsheis saat aa es peer 4 We have known each other for many years. 4 They have rented our house fortwo months. 4 She has been in Spain for three weeks. 4 He's worked with me forten years. wen Bikey esbeen open nn Mee ‘These activities could also be habitual actions in the past. 4 \ have called him ten times and he still \hasn’t answered the phone. 4 She has seen the movie over a dozen times. 4 We have eaten at that restaurant many times. rammarcl CNAs sue iene Lue ‘We use the present perfect tense to talk about periods of time thathave not finished such as faday ths week, this month Today hasnotfinished. This month has not finished. 4 Wwe been very busy this week. “4 She's had five cups of coffee today. 4 We've spent alot money this month. 4 He has studied a lot this year. This activity has (recently) been completed or done. Someone has Just achleved somethin ‘Used to ask someone if something has been done or finished. 4 U have finally finished my homework. he tidied his room? 4 We have just won our league, 4 Have you written your essay yet? sale SINCE wes we Se ramet erat point (in the past) 4 | haven't eaten anything since breakfast. / We have rented this house since 2019, 4 She has worked here since September. / He hasn't been at work since Wednesday. ‘We use the: preset perfect tense when we start with: ‘This is the: “That is the X time «tis the X time ... Cireanisi actin ttn dines amecieites ec 4 Thisis the first time | 4 Thatiis the third time he has shouted at us. @ It's the first time it has rained on this trip. ¢ It's the second time we have been here. DNAsea) lo CONTINUOUS FINISHED PRESENT RESULT I've been working (that's why I'm tired). PUSS HOW LONG TEMPORARY SITUATIONS I've been living in London for two years. She's been working here since 2004. I've been going to the gym a lot recently. Use with: since 2010, since July, for Use with: recently. ten years, for three days. Perfect English GrammarPresent Perfect Continuous Tense eee ee ee seereeee renee eeeeeeeeeeee ene eee ee enn To make an affirmative, we use the following formula, Subject + have/has + been + present participle + object (if any) To make a sentence, we use the following formula, In order to ask questions, we use the following formula, Have/has + been + subject + present participle + object {www worthytutors.comFINISHED TIME WORD Perfect English Grammar | went to the cinema yesterday. Use with: yesterday, last night, in 2003, 6 months ago. FINISHED TIME PERIOD Leonardo painted the Mona Lisa. DETAILS OF NEWS I've hurt my leg. | fell off a ladder. Use with: the present perfect. ACTIONS IN STORIES NHS eS He sat down and ordered a coffee. Use with: the past continuous. ts UNREAL / IMAGINARY THINGS nT If 1 won the lottery, | would buy a house. Use with: wish, it's time, second conditional.SIMPLE TEN TO BE © S + Was/were They were friends. e S$ + was not/were not +... They weren't friends. e Was/Were +S +...? They weren't friends. VERBS S+V-ed She worked yesterday. S$ + did not + verb (base form) She didn't work yesterday. Did + S + verb (in base form)? Did she work yesterday? I saw a ghost last Friday. | finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. When I was young, | watched lots of television every day after school. He had a small cottage in the woods. 1)OVERLAPPING ACTION | was walking to the station when | met John. Use with: when + past simple, two o'clock, 7pm. STORY BACKGROUND The birds were singing and the sun was shining. Amy sat down. Use with: the past simple. SOME PAST HABITS She was constantly singing. Use with: always, forever, constantly, at that time, in those PAST days. CONTINUOU EMPHASIS OF LENGTH OF ACTION | was working in the garden all day. Use with: all day, all evening, for hours. Perfect English Grammare S + was/were + V-ing She was cooking all morning. } S + was/were + not + V-ing She was not sleeping when he came home. e Was/were + S + V-ing? Was she sleeping when he came home? ESL.COMACTION FINISHED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION When we arrived, the film had started. Use with: when + past simple, June, last Tuesday. | HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE PAST When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. Use with: when + past simple, for + time. PAST dg ea UNREAL THINGS IN THE PAST | wish | hadn't gone to bed so late! Use with: third conditionals, wish. Perfect English Grammare SC ee a) eee She had finished the test. eS S + had not/hadn’t + past participle + ... She hadn't finished the test. e Had + S + past participle + ..? Had she finished the test? ESL.COMPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE PAST She had been working at that company for a year when she met James. Use with: when + past simple, for +time. RESULT AT A TIME IN THE PAST The pavement was wet. It had been raining. Use with: the past simple. Perfect English GrammarPERFECT CONTINUOUS TEN They had been playing tennis. They hadn't been playing tennis. © 090 Had they been playing tennis? To describe a past action, already started and continued up to another action or time in the past To express the duration before something in the past To describe the cause of something in the pastFUTURE PREDICTION Perfect a English Grammar The sun will rise at 7 am. I think the Conservatives will win the next election. PROMISES / REQUESTS / REFUSALS / OFFERS 1" help you with your homework. FUTURE CONDITIONALS If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the park. Use with: the first conditional. FUTURE SIMPLE PLANS AND INTENTIONS A: We've run out of milk. B: | know. I'm going to buy some. BE GOING FUTURE PREDICTION TO The sky is getting darker and darker. It's going to rainSIMPLE FUTURE TENSE a e S+will/shall + V(bare form) | will go to Thailand. fo | e S + will not/won't + V(Base form) @ I will not go to Thailand. e Will + S + V(Base form) +...? on Will you go to Thailand? Ihave a toothache. I'll take some medicine. Winter will come soon. I'm afraid we will get wet. Summer will come soon. When | arrive at home, | will call you. | promise | won't tell this to anyone. biaee) AS CONTINUOUS OVERLAPPING ACTION I'll be waiting when you arrive. Use with: when + present simple, at 8pm. FUTURE AS A MATTER OF COURSE The government will be making a statement later. Use with: later, tonight, next week on the 2nd of September. Perfect English Grammar° I will be singing in the concert tomorrow. To describe interrupted actions in the future To express actions in progress at a specific time in the future To refer to actions that are happening now and expected to continue in the future To ask a question politely about the future To emphasize future plans and intentions To describe atmosphere in the future To express parallel actions or series of parallel actions in the future I will not be singing in the concert tomorrow. Will you be singing in the concert tomorrow? When you come tomorrow, they will be playing tennis. At 12 o'clock tomorrow, we will be having lunch at school. Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 years. Will you be bringing your friend to the party tonight? He'll be coming to visit us next week. When | arrive at the party everybody will be celebrating, some will be dancing. She will be watching TV, and he will be cooking dinner.HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE FUTURE When we get married, I'll have known Robert for four years. Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple, for + time. USS PERFECT SIMPLE ACTION FINISHED BEFORE A POINT IN THE FUTURE By ten o'clock, | will have finished my homework. Use with: by three o'clock, by Friday, when + present simple, by the time + present simple. Perfect English GrammarFUTURE PERFECT TEN ° S$ + will + have + past participle + ... He will have done it by this evening. e S + will + not + have + past participle + ... He will not have done it by this evening. Will + S + have + past participle + ... ry Will he have done it by this evening? To talk about an action that will finish By eight o'clock tomorrow, | will have taken before a certain time in the future off for Japan. To talk about an action that will be She will have learnt Chinese before she completed before another event takes place moves to China. To express conviction that something The guests will have arrived at the hotel happened in the near past by now. a =| a)HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE FUTURE In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years. Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple, for + time. StS PERFECT CONTINUOUS ACTION FINISHED BEFORE A POINT IN THE FUTURE When | see you, I'll have been studying, so I'll be tired. Use with: when + present simple, by the time + present simple. Perfect English Grammar© 0 6 a a James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia. | will be tired when | get home because | will have been walking for over an hour. ESL.COMActive Passive Simple Present Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the house is cleaned byTom. Present Continuous Right now, Sarah is writing | Right now, the letter is being the letter. written by Sarah. Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam. Past Continuous The salesman was helping The customer was being the customer when the thief | helped by the salesman when came into the store the thief came into the store Present Perfect Many tourists have visited That castle has been visited that castle. by many tourists. Present Perfect Recently, John has been Recently, the work has been Conti. doing the work. being done by John. Past Perfect George had repaired many ‘Many cars had been cars before he received his repaired by George before he mechanic's license. received his mechanic's license. Past Perfect Conti. Recently, John has been The restaurant's fantastic doing the work. dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. Simple Future Someone will finish the work | The work will be finished by (will) by 5:00 PM. 5:00 PM. Simple Future Sally is going to make a A beautiful dinner is going to (Be going to) beautifiul dinner tonight. be made by Sally tonight.Rules for Future Perfect Active Voice Passive Voice We use will have + third form of Verb Example 1. Girl will have clicked Selfie 2. Girls will have clicked Selfie 3. Girls will have clicked Selfies We use will have been + third form of Verb Example 1. Selfie will have been clicked by girl 2. Selfie will have been clicked by girls 3. Selfies will have been clicked by girlsRules for Future Continuous Active Voice Passive Voice We use Passive Voice is Will be + First form of Verb Not Applicable In Future Continuous Example 1. The girl will be clicking selfies. 2. Girls will be clicking selfie. 3. Girls will be clicking selfies.DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH [e) gto my 91111] ndirect Speech ecg play football. He said that he Simple football. tis cutting a tree. He said that he was Continuous cutting a tree Present ave eaten food. | He said that he hz airs food. eS eu) (3 rove the car. He said that he | iven a car. Past jas coming. he said that he hz eT ately ing eCatalog ve come. He said that he had E rT wi to the gym. | He said that he y to the gym. CTT would help. He said that he w help. Can n carry bags. He said that he c rry bags. Could help. He said that he c: help. Should | should read He said that he st book. ad a book. Might ight go market | He said that he might go to market www.onlymyenglish.comRules for Present Perfect Continuous Direct Speech Indirect Speech We use We use Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous have been ‘verbting’ Had been ‘verb+ing’ Example Example * She said “I have been living in Delhi” | * She said that she had been living in Delhi. * He said “I have been living in Delhi” * He said that he had been living in Delhi. * | said “| have been living in Delhi” * | said that | had been living in Delhi. * You said “I have been living in Delhi” | * You said that you had been living in Delhi.Rules for Past Perfect Continuous Direct Speech We use Past Perfect Continuous had been verb+ing Example ¢ She said “| had been living in Delhi” * He said “I had been living in Delhi” * | said “I had been living in Delhi” * You said “I had been living in Delhi” Indirect Speech We use here also Past Perfect Continuous had been verb+ing Example * She said that she had been living in Delhi. * He said that he had been living in Delhi. ¢ | said that | had been living in Delhi. * You said that you had been living in Delhi.Rules for Simple Future Direct Speech Indirect Speech We use We use will + first form of verb would + first form of verb Example Example * She said “I will live in Delhi” * She said that she would live in Delhi * He said “I will live in Delhi” * He said that he would live in Delhi * | said “I will live in Delhi” * | said that | would live in Delhi * You said “I will live in Delhi” * You said that you would live in DelhiRules for Future Perfect Direct Speech Indirect Speech We use We use will have + third form of verb would have + third form of verb Example Example * She said “| will have lived in Delhi” * She said that she would have lived in Delhi. * He said “I will have lived in Delhi” * He said that he would have lived in Delhi. * | said “| will have lived in Delhi” * | said that | would have lived in Delhi. * You said “I will have lived in Delhi” * You said that you would have lived in Delhi.Rules for Future Perfect Continuous Direct Speech Indirect Speech We use We use will have been + third form of verb would have been + third form of verb Example Example « She said “I will have been living in Delhi” | * She said that she would have been living in Delhi. * He said “I will have been living in Delhi” * He said that he would have been living in Delhi. * | said “| will have been living in Delhi” * | said that | would have been living in Delhi. * You said “I will have been living in Delhi” | * You said that you would have been living in Delhi.Direct and Indirect speech Witteman cnet Direct: Lara said, “I will be learning English at this time tomorrow” Indirect: Lara Said that she would be learning English at that time the next day. Direct: She said to him, “I will be learning English tomorrow at this time tomorrow” Indirect: she told him that she would be learning English at that time the next day. Note: No need to use ‘that’ in spoken English