BIPOLAR II

NAME OF PROJECT: PRESENTED BY: PRESENTED TO:

ADVANCED ABNORMAL KENDRA JEAN CAYDA ORENCITA LOZADA PHD, RPSY
PSYCHOLOGY
 Bipolar II
Bipolar II is similar to bipolar I disorder, with moods cycling between high and low over time. The less-
intense elevated moods in bipolar II disorder are called hypomanic episodes, or hypomania.
Bipolar II disorder, requiring
the lifetime experience of at
least one major depressive
episode and at least one
hypomanic episode (but no
history of mania), is no longer
thought to be a less severe
condition than bipolar I
disorder, largely because of
the burden of depression in
bipolar II disorder and
because the instability of
mood experienced by
individuals with bipolar II
disorder is often accompanied
by serious impairment in work
and social functioning.
 Philippines
In the Philippines 520,614 are diagnosed with
Bipolar Disorder

Worldwide
46 million people around the world, including 4.4%
of the U.S. population, have bipolar disorder.
Onset
Bipolar II disorder can begin in late adolescence and throughout adulthood,
average age at onset is the mid-20s, which is slightly later than for bipolar I
disorder but earlier than for major depressive disorder.
The illness most often begins with a depressive episode and is not recognized
as bipolar II disorder until a hypomanic episode occurs; this happens in about
12% of individuals with the initial diagnosis of major depressive disorder.
About 5%–15% of individuals with bipolar II disorder will ultimately develop a
manic episode, which changes the diagnosis to bipolar I disorder, regardless of
subsequent course.
Youth with bipolar II disorder spend less time hypomanic compared to those
with bipolar I disorder, and the initial presenting episode is typically
depression. Compared with adult onset of bipolar II disorder, childhood or
adolescent onset of the disorder may be associated with a more severe lifetime
course.
Risk and Causal Factors
GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Individuals with relatives with Bipolar II has higher risk of developing
bipolar II. Genetic factors also influence the onset of the disorder.
There is a growing evidence of a partial distinction in the genetic
architecture of Bipolar II from Bipolar I and Schizophrenia

BIOLOGICAL TRAITS
Research suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitters or
hormones that affect the brain may play a role.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Life events, such as abuse, mental stress, a “significant loss,” or
another traumatic event, may trigger an initial episode in a
susceptible person.
Suicide Risk
Suicide risk for both Bipolar 1 and 2 are higher than the general
population.
1/3 of individuals with Bipolar 2 report a lifetime history of suicide
attempts.
Risk and incidence of suicide in Bipolar 1 and 2 does not differ
Treatment and therapies
Treatment of Bipolar 2 aims to regulate the person’s mood, reduce
symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment of Bipolar 2 involves combinations of therapies;

pharmacological intervention, counseling, physical intervention and a
change of lifestyle.
Pharmacological Intervention- mood stabilizers, antidepressants,
antipsychotics, anticonvulsants
Psychotherapy- Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Institutionanlization
Lifestyle Changes- Maintaining a healthy routine, healthy diet, sleep
hygiene and regular exercise.
Assesment and Tools
Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) - a screening instrument for bipolar
disorder that can easily be utilized in primary care settings.
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)- a rating scale used to evaluate manic
symptoms at baseline and over time in individuals with mania.
Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM) - This self-report measure was
developed to assess the presence and severity of mania symptoms
among adults
Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale (MAS) - This clinician-report measure
is used to assess the severity of mania symptoms among adults
Assesment and Tools
Child Mania Rating Scale – Parent (CMRS-P) - This parent-report
measure assesses the severity of mania symptoms among children
aged 5 to 17 years old and is composed of 21 items.
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) - a 16-item
measure (self-report and clinician-rated versions) for adults with
depression.
Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS) - A unique BD assessment
tool due to its broad assessment of BD symptomatology.
 REFERENCE

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical

manual of mental disorders: DSM-5-TR.
( Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global Health Data
Exchange (GHDx), (https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/,
Bipolar disorder. (2017).
https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-
Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder
Bipolar disorder. (2020).
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
Cranick, C. (2018). Understanding the spectrum of bipolar disorder.
https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2018/Understanding-
the-Spectrum-of-Bipolar-Disorder