CSIR NET 2021 Question With Solution Formatted

CSIR NET - 2021: Questions with Solution
Physics
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NET- Joint CSIR UGC Examination June-2021

Examination Date 15-02-2022
TIME: 3 HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS: 200
Instructions
This Test Paper contains seventy-five (20 Part ‘A’ + 25 Part ‘B’ + 30
Part ‘C’) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). You are required to
answer a maximum of 15 in part ‘A’, 20 in Part ‘B’, and 20 in Part ‘C’.
If more than the required number of questions are answered then only
the first 15, 20, 20 questions in Parts ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’ respectively, will
be taken up for evaluation. Each question in Part ‘A’ carries two marks,
Part ‘B’ 3.5 marks and Part ‘C’ 5 marks respectively. The total marks
allocated 30, 70, and 100 for Parts ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively. There
will be a negative marking @25% for each wrong answer. Below each
question in Parts ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ four alternatives or responses are
given. Only one of these alternatives is the “CORRECT” option to the
question. You have to find, for each question, the correct or best answer.
H.No. 40-D, G.F., Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16 1
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498, Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com, Email: fiziks.physics@gmail.com
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Part A
ANSWER ANY 15 QUESTIONS
Q1. The arithmetic and geometric means of two numbers are 65 and 25 , respectively. What are
these two numbers?
(a) 110, 20 (b) 115,15 (c) 120,10 (d) 125,5
Ans. 1: (d)
Solution: Suppose two numbers are a and b .
ab
AM   65  a  b  130 (i)
2
GM  ab  25 ab  625
 a  b   a  b   4ab  16900  2500  14400

2 2
 a  b  120 (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a  125, b  5
Q2. An intravenous fluid is given to a child of 7.5 kg , at the rate of 20 drop/minute. The
prescribed dose of the fluid is 40 ml per kg of body weight. If the volume of a drop is 0.05 ml ,
how many hours are needed to complete the dose?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
Ans. 2: (d)
mL
Solution: Fluid to be given (in mL )  7.5kg  40  300 mL
kg
Rate (in mL /minute)  20  0.05  1 mL / minute
300 ml
 Time required   300 minute = 5 hours .
1 ml / minute
Q3. Shyam spent half of his money and was left with as many as he had rupees before, but with
half as many rupees as he had paise before. Which of the following is a possible amount of
money he is left with?
(a) 49 rupees and 98 paise (b) 49 rupees and 99 paise
(c) 99 rupees and 99 paise (d) 99 rupees and 98 paise
Ans. 3: (b)
Solution: Let original amount be Rs. xy and ab paise i.e., Rs. xy. ab .
1 ab
As given in question,  xy. ab   . xy
2 2
2 H.No. 40-D, G.F., Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16
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Solving it we get, 98 xy  99 ab
 xy  99 & ab  98 [ No common factor b /  99 &98 ]
So original amount  Rs 99 and 98 paise
1
 amount left   Rs. 99 &98 price   Rs.49 and 99 paise
2
Q4. How many integers in the set 1, 2,3,.......,100 have exactly 3 divisors?
(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) 9

Ans. 4: (a)
Solution: Only four integers namely 4,9, 25, 49 will have three divisors.
Integers Divisors
4 1, 2, 4
9 1,3,9
25 1,5, 25
49 1, 7, 49
Q5. A spacecraft flies at a constant height R above a planet of radius R . At the instant the
spacecraft is over the north-pole, the lowest latitude visible from the spacecraft is:
(a) 0 (Equator) (b) 30 N (c) 45 N (d) 60 N
Ans. 5: (b) S  spacecraft 
Solution: From the figure, it is obvious that in  OAS 
SA 3R 2R 3R
tan     3
OA R
   60  A
 Lowest latitude visible from spacecraft O Equitor

0
(O Latitude)
 90    90  60  30 N 90  
0
Q6. A and B start from the same point in opposite directions along a circular track
simultaneously. Speed of B is 2 / 3rd that of A . How many times will A and B cross each
other before meeting at the starting point?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 4
Ans. 6: (d)
Solution: Let the speed of A  30 m / s and then speed of B  20 m / s .
Let again, length of track  100 m
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First Meet Second Meet Third Meet

B t0 A B A
B
S A
S M2 S
M3 20m
60m 20m
M1
A
B
40 meters from study 20 meters from study 20 meters from study
point  s  anti-clock wise point  s  clock wise point  s  clock wise
Fourth Meet Fifth Meet

S S, M 4
40m
M1
B
A
40 meters from study 40 meters from study

point  s  anti-clock wise point  s  anti-clock wise
 Total number of cross before meeting at starting point  4 .

Q7. Identical balls are tightly arranged in the shape of an equilateral triangle with each side
containing n balls. How many balls are there in the arrangement?
(b) n  n  1 / 2 (c) n  n  1 / 2 (d)  n  1 / 2

2
(a) n 2 / 2
Ans. 7: (b)
Solution: for n  3 for n  4
No. of balls f (3)  6 f  4   10
Where f  x   no. of balls in the arrangements
x  x  1
Let f  x   be true for x balls
2
 x  1 x  2   x  x  1  x  x  2 x  x  1
Then, f  x  1     x  1  f  x    x  1
2 2 2
 If f  3  6, f  4   f  3  4  6  4  10
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f  5   f  4   5  10  5  15
Hence it is true for all x .

Q8. An experiment consists of tossing a coin 20 times. Such an experiment is performed
50 times. The number of heads and the number of tails in each experiment are noted. What is the
correlation coefficient between the two?
(a) 1 (b) 20 / 50 (c) 20 / 50 (d) 1
Ans. 8: (a)
Solution: Let X  no. of heads
Y  no. of tails.
Given X  Y  x (here x  20  50 )
E  X  Y   E  x  x
 E  X   E Y   x
or, X  E  X   Y  E Y   0
 X  E  X    Y  E Y  
Cov  X , Y   E  X  E  X   Y  E Y      E  X  E  X      var  X 

2
 
Also, var  X   var Y 
Cov  X , Y   var  X   var  X 

 XY (Correlation coefficient)     1 .
 XY var  X  var Y  var  X 
Q9. The maximum area of a right-angled triangle inscribed in a circle of radius r is
(a) 2r 2 (b) r 2 / 2 (c) 2r 2 (d) r 2

Ans. 9: (d)
Solution: Any right –angled triangle ascribed a circle will have hypotenuse coinciding with
diameter. Let the side length
C
BC  a and AC  b and AB  2r (diameter)
b a
 a 2  b 2   2r   a 2  b 2  4r 2
2
A B
 a  b   2ab  4r 2 o
2
2ab  4r 2   a  b 
2
(i)
Also, area  ABC   ab / 2
 max ar  ABC   max  ab  (ii)
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So, from Eq. (i)
2ab  4r 2   a  b 
2
(iii)
max  ab  is possible when  a  b  is minimum, as 4r 2 is constant.

2

 min  a  b 
2
  0 when a  b .
Hence, from (iii),
2a 2  4r 2
or, a  2r  b
 Maximum area
1
2
ab 
1
2
 2r  2r   r 2
.
Q10. Trade figures populations in appropriate units in a certain year are given for 7 countries.
Export
Import
Population
A B C D E F G
If countries are ranked according to the difference in their per capita exports over import, the
best and worst ranking countries are respectively.
(a) C and A (b) A and E (c) C and B (d) A and F
Ans. 10: (a)
Export-Import
Solution: Rank determinant formula 
Population
It is obvious that in case of (c), population is mineral compared to difference between export and
import. Hence highest rank, in case of A : Export  Import with highest population, so it will
have lowest rank.
Q11. A cylindrical road roller having a diameter of 1.5m moves at a speed of 3km / h while
levelling a road. How much length of the road will be leveled in 45 minutes?
(a) 2.25 km (b) 0.375 km (c) 0.75 km (d) 1.5 kn
Ans. 11: (a)
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Solution: . Distance covered by roller in 45 minutes at a speed of

 45  45
3 km / h   3km / h   h   3  km
 60  60
3 km / h
 2.25 km
Q12. Which of these groups of numbers has the smallest mean?
Group A: 1, 2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9
Group B: 1, 2,3, 4, 6, 6, 7,8,9
Group C: 1, 2, 2, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9
Group D: 1,3,3, 4,5, 6, 7,9,9
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Ans. 12: (c)
1  2  2  4  5  6  7  8  9 44
Solution: Smallest mean is of group C    4.88
9 9
Q13. An appropriate diagram to represent the relations between the categories KEYBOARD,
HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEM and CPU is
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ans. 13: (c)

Solution:
Hardware
Operating system
CPU Keyboard
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Q14. If we replace the mathematical operations in the expression 11  4  2   24  6 as given in
the table:
Operation    
Replaced by    
Then is new value is
(a) 23 / 6 (b) 1 (c) 18 (d) 7
Ans. 14: (d)
Solution: (11  4  2)  24  6
   
11  4  2   24  6
11  8  4  3  4  7
Q15. In a tournament with 8 teams, a win fetches 3 points and a draw, 1. After all teams have
played three matches each, total number of points earned by all teams put together must lie
between
(a) 24 and 36 (b) 24 and 32 (c) 12 and 24 (d) 32 and 48
Ans. 15: (a)
Solution: Total number of matches played  8  3  24
If all matches are either win or lost then.
Total number of win  12
Total number of loose  12
 In this case total points =  12  3  36 points.
Next, if all matches are draw, then Points earned by all terms  24 1  24 points
 Total number of points will lie between 24 and 36 .
Q16. An inverted cone is filled with water at a constant rate. The volume of water inside the
cone as a function of times is represented the curve
A
B
Volume
D
C
Time
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(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

Ans. 16: (b)
Solution: Volume of water is being poured with constant rate hence the curve value v time will
be linear one. i.e., B
Q17. At least two among three persons A, B and C are truthful. If A calls B a liar and if B
calls C a liar, then which of the following is FALSE?
(a) A is truthful (b) B is truthful
(c) C is truthful (d) At least one is a liar
Ans. 17: (b)
Solution: Suppose B is truthful.
Then from the statements of question A is list.
Also, B calls C is liar.
 C is liar.
But at least two of A, B, C are truthful.
Q18. A shopkeeper has a faulty pan balance with a zero offset. When an object is placed in the
left plan it is balanced by a standard 100 g weight. When it is placed in the right pan it is
balanced by a standard 80 g weight. What is the actual weight of the object?
(a) 90 g (b) 88.88 g (c) 95 g (d) 85 g
Ans. 18: (a)
Solution: Let the weight of left and right pans be x & y gm and the object weight  z g .
From fig (a),
z  x  100  y (i) z
1009
from fig (b), x y
80  x  z  y (ii)
(i) –(ii) gives.
z  80  100  z z
809
y
or 2 z  180 x
 z  90 gm
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Q19. A cousin is a non-sibling with a common ancestor. If there is exactly one pair of siblings in
a group of 5 persons then the maximum possible number of pairs of cousins in the group is
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 10
Ans. 19: (c)
Solution: Total number of relations (pairs) 5 C2  10
Of these one is of siblings.
 Maximum possible number of pairs of cousins in the group  10  1  9 .
Q20. Consider a solid cube of side 5 units. After painting, it is cut into cubes of 1 unit. Find the
probability that a randomly chosen unit cube has only one side painted.
(a) 56 /125 (b) 36 /125 (c) 44 /125 (d) 54 /125
Ans. 20: (d)
Solution: Total number of cubes of unit size  125
On one face, we set 9 cubes of one face painted.
So, total cubes of unit size with one face painted   
 9  6  54   
54   
 Required probability
125
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Part B
Q21. Which of the following two physical quantities cannot be measured simultaneously with
arbitrary accuracy for the motion of a quantum particle in three dimensions?
(a) square of the radial position and z -component of angular momentum ( r 2 and Lz )
(b) x - components of linear and angular momenta ( p x and Lx )
(c) y -component of position and z -component of angular momentum ( y and Lx )
(d) squares of the magnitudes of the linear and angular momenta ( p 2 and L2 )
Ans. 21: (c)
Solution: The two physical quantities cannot be measured simultaneously with arbitrary
accuracy in quantum mechanics whose commutator is not zero.
(a)  r 2 , Lz    x 2  y 2  z 2 , Lz 
  x 2 , Lz    y 2 , Lz    z 2 , Lz 
 x  x, Lz    x, Lz  x  y  y, Lz    y, Lz  y
 x  iy    iyx   y  ix    ix  y  0
where, we have used.

 x, Ly   iy :  y, Lz   ix ;  z , Lz   0
(b)  px , Lx    px , ypz , zp y 
  px , ypz    px  zp y 
 y  px , pz    px , y  pz  z  p x , pz    p x , z  p y
 px , Lx   0
 px , pz    px , y    px , z   0
  2  
(c)  p 2 , L2    p 2 , r 2 p 2   r  p   i  r  p  
 
  2  
  p12 , r 2 p 2    p12  r  p    i  p 2 ,  r  p  
 
0
where, we have used
 p, r   0
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(d)  y, Lz    y1 xp y  ypx 
  y xp y    y1 ypx 
 x  y1 p y    y1 x  p y  y  y1 px    y1 y  px
 x  y1 p y   0  0  0  ix
where we have used

 y1 p y   ix,  y1 x    y1 px    y1 y   0
Q22. A particle in one dimension executes oscillatory motion in a potential V  x   A x , where
A  0 is a constant of appropriate dimension. If the time period T of its oscillation depends on

the total energy E as E a , then the value of a is
(a) 1/ 3 (b) 1/ 2 (c) 2 / 3 (d) 3 / 4
Ans. 22: (b)
Solution: Total energy
p2
E Ax
2m
Action angle variable
E A
2m  E  A x dx
E
J 4 0
For 0  x 
A
E A
A
 4 2mE 
0
1
E
x dx 
x x
A E
Let x  t  dx  dt
E A
E 1
A 0
J  4 2mE 1  tdt
J  x0 E 3 2
Time period
J 3 1 1
T  x0 E 2   
E 2 2
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Q23. The components of the electric field, in a region of space devoid of any change or current
sources, are given to be Ei  ai   j 1,2,3 bij x j , where ai and bij are constants independent of the
coordinates. The number of independent components of the matrix bij is
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 4

Ans. 23: (a)
3
Ei  ai   bij x j
j 1
This equation represents a set of three equations

E1  a1  b11 x1  b12 x2  b13 x3 
E2  a2  b21 x1  b22 x2  b23 x3   (1)
E3  a3  b31 x1  b32 x2  b33 x3 
Let E1  Ex , E2  E y , E3  Ez and x1  x, x2  y, x3  z, 1 can be written as
E x  a1  b11 x  b12 y  b13 z 


E y  a2  b21 x  b22 y  b23 z   (2)
E z  a3  b31 x  b32 y  b33 z 
x y z
    
For electrostatic field,   E  0  0
x y z
Ex Ey Ez
Let’s just look at the x-component (which will be equal to zero).

Ez E y
  0  (3)
y z
Ez E
Using (2);  b32 , y  b23
y z
From (3); b32  b23  0  b32  b23
Similarly, we will get from ‘y’ and ‘z’ components
b13  b31 , b21  b12
Thus, it means bij is symmetric. A symmetric matrix will have, 3 diagonal +3 off- diagonal = 6-
independent components (4)

Also, as the region is charge free, therefore
  E E y Ez
E  0  x    0  (5)
x y z
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Ex E E
From (2),  b11 , y  b22 , z  b33 . Putting, this result in (5), we get
x y z
b11  b22  b33  0 . This implies that atleast one of the diagonal elements is dependent. Therefore,
the total number of independent components = 6-1=5.
Therefore, (a) is correct option.
Q24. A particle of mass 1GeV / c 2 and its antiparticle, both moving with the same speed v ,
produce new particle x of mass 10 GeV / c 2 in a head on collision. The minimum value of v
required for this process is closest to
(a) 0.83c (b) 0.93c (c) 0.98c (d) 0.88c
Ans. 24: (c)
Solution:
 
  
Particle Anti-Particle x
GeV GeV GeV
m 1 2 m 1 2 m  10 2
c e c
Conservation of energy
mc 2 mc 2
  Mc 2
2 2
v v
1 1
c2 c2
2m c
 M c2
2
v
1
c2
v2 1 v2 24
2  1  10 1  2   1 2  v  c  0.93c
c 25 c 5
Q25. The position of a particle in one dimension changes in discrete steps. With each step it
moves to the right, however, the length of the step is drawn from a uniform distribution from the
 1 1 
interval    w,   w , where  and w are positive constants. If X denotes the distance
 2 2 
X2  X
2
from the starting point after N steps, the standard deviation for large values of
N is
  N w w N
(a)  N (b)  (c)  N (d) 
2 2 3 2 2 3
Ans. 25: (d)
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Q26. The volume of the region common to the interiors of two infinitely long cylinders defined
by x 2  y 2  25 and x 2  4 z 2  25 is best approximated by
(a) 225 (b) 333 (c) 423 (d) 625
Ans. 26: (b)
Solution:
x 2  y 2  25  y   25  x 2
25  x 2
x 2  4 z 2  25  z  
2
In any of the above equations, `x’ varies from -5 to 5. Therefore, the volume bounded in the
intersecting region is
25 x 2 25  x 2
25  x 2 25 x 2 25  x 2
25  x 2
5 2 5 2 5
V  
5  25 x 2
 dzdydx 8   dzdydx 8  2
dydx
25 x 2 0 0 0 0 0

2
5
25  x 2
5 5
x3
25  x dx 4  25  x dx  4 25 x 
125
V  8 2 2
 4 125 
0
2 0
3 0 3
250
V  4  333.33
3
Therefore, volume is best approximated by 333. Hence (b) is correct option.
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Q27. The door of an X -ray machine room is fitted with a sensor D ( 0 is open and 1 is closed).
It is also equipped with three fire sensors F1 , F2 and F3 (each is 0 when disabled and 1 when
enabled). The X -ray machine can operate only if the door is closed and at least 2 fire sensors
are enabled. The logic circuit to ensure that the machine can be operated is
(a) F1
F2
F1 Y
F3
F2
F3
D
(b) F1
F2
F1 Y
F3
F2
F3
(c) D
F1
F2
F1 Y
F3
F2
F3 D
(d)
F1
F2
F1 Y
F3
F2
F3 D
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Ans. 27: option (a), (b) and (d) are possible

Solution.:
F1 F2
F1
(a) F2
F1 F3 L Y
F1
F3
F2 F3
F2
F3
D
L  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3 , D  1 , Y  L.D  L  D  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3  1  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3
F1 F2
(b) F1
F2
F1 F3 L Y
F1
F3
F2 F2 F3
F3
D
 
L  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3 , D  1 , Y  L  D  LD  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3 1  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3
(c)
F1 A
F2
B L
F1 Y
F3
C
F2
F3 D

L  A  B  C , D  1 , Y  L.D  L  D  A  B  C  0  A  B  C 
     
Y  F1  F2  F1  F3  F2  F3  F1 F2  F1 F3  F2 F3
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(d)
F1 A
F2
F1 B L Y
F3
F2 C
F3 D

L  A  B  C , D  1 Y  L.D  L  D  A  B  C  0  A  B  C 
    
Y  F1  F2  F1  F3  F2  F3  F1  F2    F  F  F  F 
1 3 2 3
 Y   F1  F2  F1  F3  F2  F3 
Q28. In the LCR circuit shown below, the resistance R  0.05  , the inductance L  1 H and
the capacitance C  0.04 F .
C L

 
vin R vout
 

If the input vin is a square wave of angular frequency1 rad / s , the output vout is best
approximated by a
(a) Square wave of angular frequency 1 rad / s
(b) Sine wave of angular frequency 1 rad / s
(c) Square wave of angular frequency 5 rad / s
(d) Sine wave of angular frequency 5 rad / s
C L
Ans. 28: (d) 
 
Solution: vin  1rad / s, L  1H , C  0.04 F
Resonant angular frequency vin R vout
1 1
r    5rad / s
LC 0.04 


Thus, for an input frequency of 1rad / s (just like dc), the LC-circuit will oscillate in sinusoidal
fashion (it can only oscillate harmonically), at 5rad / s . Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
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Q29. A monochromatic source emitting radiation with a certain frequency moves with a velocity
v away from a stationary observer A . It is moving towards another observer B (also at rest)
along a line joining the two. The frequencies of the radiation recorded by A and B are VA and
VB
VB , respectively. If the ratio  7 , then the value of v / c is
VA
(a) 1/ 2 (b) 1/ 4 (c) 3 / 4 (d) 3/2

Ans. 29: (c)
Solution.

  
A S B
c 
A  A
c 
c 
 B  0
c 
B c   1   c
  7
A c  1  c
 
77  1
c c

8 6
c
 3

c 4
Q30. A particle, thrown with a speed v from the earth's surface, attains a
maximum height h (measured from the surface of the earth). If v is half the
escape velocity and R denotes the radius of earth, then h / R is
h
(a) 2 / 3 (b) 1/ 3 (c) 1/ 4 (d) 1/ 2
Ans. 30: (b)
Solution. 
1 1 2GM R
  e  
2 2 R O
Here M is the mass of the earth.

Earth
Conservation of mechanical energy
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GMm 1 GMm
  m 2   0
R 2  R  h
GMm GMm GMm
  
R 4R Rh
3GMm GMm
 
4R Rh
3R  3h  4 R
3h  R
h 1

R 3
Q31. A particle of mass m is in a one dimensional infinite potential well of length L , extending
from x  0 to x  L . When it is in the energy Eigen-state labelled by n,  n  1, 2,3,.. the
probability of finding in the interval 0  x  L / 8 is 1/8. The minimum value of n for which this
is possible is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 8
Ans. 31: (a)
Solution: This problem is solved using the wavefunction.
(a) The plot for  1  x  between 0  x  L is
L
The probability of finding the particle in region 0  x  L and  x  L is
2 2

P 0 x L 2  P  L2  x  L   12
x0 xL 2 xL
(b) The plot for  2  x  in between 0  x  L
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x0 L L 3L L
4 2
4
The probability of finding the particle in region.
0 xL ;
4
L L L 3L 3L
x ; x ;  x  L is
4 2 2 4 4
 L L L L 3L   3L  1
P0  x    P  x    P  x    P  x  L 
 4 4 2 2 4   4  4
(c) The plot for  3  x  in region 0  x  L is
x  0 2L L
L 2L x  L 5L
6 2 3
6 6
L 2L L L 2L
The plot is divided in 6 equal region of 0  x  L ;  x  2L x ; x ;
6 6 6 6 2 2 3
2L 5L 5L
x ;  x L.
3 6 6
The probability of finding the particle in each of region is 1 6 .
(d) The plot for  4  x  in region 0  x  L is
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n
0 L L 3L L 5L 3L 7L L
8 4 8 2 3 4 8
L L L L 3L
The wave function is divided in 8 equal region of 0  x  , x , x ,
8 8 4 4 8
3L L L 5L 5L 3 L 3L 7L 7L
x , x , x , x ,  x  L.
8 2 2 8 8 4 4 8 8
The probability of finding the particle in each of these region is 1 .

8
Thus, the value of n  4 , such that the probability of finding the particle in region

P 0 x L
8   18 .
Q32. In an experiment, the velocity of a non-relativistic neutron is determined by measuring the
time  ~ 50 ns  it takes to travel from the source to the detector kept at a distance L. Assume that
the error in the measurement of L is negligibly small. If we want to estimate the kinetic energy
T of the neutron to within 5% accuracy, i.e.,  T / T  0.05 , the maximum permissible error
 T in measuring the time of flight is nearest to

(a) 1.75 ns (b) 0.75 ns (c) 2.25 ns (d) 1.25 ns
Ans. 32: (d)
Q33. The volume and temperature of a spherical cavity filled with black body radiation are
V and 300K , respectively. If it expands adiabatically to a volume 2V , its temperature will be
closest to
(a) 150 K (b) 300 K (c) 250 K (d) 240 K
Ans. 33: (d)
Solution: V1  V , T1  300 K
V2  2V , T2  ?
VT 3 = constant
V1T13  V2T23
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V 
 T23   1  T13
 V2 
13
V  1
 T2   1  T1    300  0.8  300  240 k
 V2  2
 (d) is correct
Q34. The ratio c p / cv of the specific heats at constant pressure and volume of a monatomic ideal
gas in two dimensions is

(a) 3 / 2 (b) 2 (c) 5 / 3 (d) 5 / 2
Ans. 34: (B)
For monoatomic ideal gas in 2D
2
px2 p y
E 
2 m 2m
1 1
E  kT  kT  kT
2 2
U  NKT  nN A kT  nRT
 dU 
CV     nR
 dT V
CP  CV  nR  CP  nR  nR  2nR
CP 2nR
  2
CV nR
 (b) is correct
D
Q35. The total number of phonon modes in a solid of volume V is  g   d   3 N , is the
0
number of primitive cells,  D is the Debye frequency and density of photon modes is
g    AV  2 (with A  0 a constant). If the density of the solid doubles in a phase transition,
the Debye temperature  D will
(a) increase by a factor of 22 / 3 (b) increase by a factor of 21/ 3

(c) decrease by a factor of 22 / 3 (d) decrease by a factor of 21/ 3
Ans. 35: (b)
Solution: Deby temperature is
 hv  2 N   hv 
13
 
13
QD   s   6    s  6 2
 kB  V   kB 
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QD  A 1 3
Now, if density doubles  '  2
QB'  A  '  A  2   A 1 3  21 3
13 13
 QD'  21 3 QD
Thus QD increases by a factor of 21 3 .
Q36. A discrete random variable X takes a value from the set 1, 0,1, 2 with the
corresponding probabilities p  X   3 /10, 2 /10, 2 /10 and 3 /10 , respectively. The probability
distribution q Y    q  0  , q 1 , q  4   of the random variable Y  X 2 is
1 3 1 1 1 3  2 2 1  3 3 2
(a)  , ,  (b)  , ,  (c)  , ,  (d)  , , 
5 5 5  5 2 10  5 5 5  10 10 5 
Ans. 36: (b)
Solution: Given that,
3 2 2 3
X  {1, 0,1, 2}; p( X )  { , , , }
10 10 10 10
X 2  {0,1, 4}; p ( X )  {, ,   }  ?
2
For,
2
X 2  0, X  0  p( X 2  0)  p( X  0) 
10
For,
3 2 1
X 2  1, X  1;  p( X 2  1)  p( X  1)  p( X  1)   
10 10 2
For ( X  2 is not in the list),
3
X 2  4, X  2  p( X 2  4)  p( X  2) 
10
1 1 3
Thus, p ( X 2 )  { , , }
5 2 10
Hence, (b) is correct option.
Q37. In an experiment to measure the charge to mass ratio e / m of the electron by Thomson's
method, the values of the deflecting electric field and the accelerating potential are 6 106 N / C
(newton per coulomb) and 150V , respectively. The magnitude of the magnetic field that leads to
zero deflection of the electron beam is closest to
(a) 0.6T (b) 1.2T (c) 0.4T (d) 0.8T
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Ans. 37: (d)

Solution: Let’s determine the velocity of an electron accelerated to 150V.
Using, the classical formula relating kinetic energy and accelerating potential,
1 2
mv  eV
2
2 150 1.6 1019
v 31
 7.26 106 m / s
9.110
For, zero deflection,
E 6 106
  eV
Bev  B   0.83T
v 7.26 106
Thus, (d) is the correct option.
Q38. A two-state system evolves under the action of the Hamiltonian
H  E0 A A   E0    B B , where A and B are its two orthonormal states. These states
transform to one another under parity, i.e. P A  B and P B  A . If at time t  0 the
system is in a state of definite parity P  1 , the earliest time t at which the probability of finding
the system in a state of parity P  1 is one is
  3  2 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2  2 
Ans. 38: (b)
The Hamiltonian for the two state system is given by
H   0 A A   0  D  B B
In matrix,
E 0 
H  0
0  0  D 
The energy eigenvalue for the system is given by
0   0
H  I  0
0  0  0  
or    0 ,  0  0
The eigenfunction of the system is given by
iE0  i  0  0 

 t   A e
t t

 B e 
According to question, we have

  t     t 
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 i  0  D    0  D 
 i 0 t t  i 0 t t
 A e 
 B e 
 A e 
 B e 
 i 0t  i   0  D t  i  E0  D 
 i 0 t t
B e 
 A e 
 A e 
– B e 
Comparing coefficient of state A and B , we get

 i   0  D t
 i 0 t 
For A: e e 
 i  E0  D t
For B: e 
 e  i 0 t 
Since both these conditions are same, we
 i   0  0 t 
ei 0 t   e
 i   0  0 t   i 0 t 
or e e 1
it
t
e   ei  i  i


or t 

Thus the correct option is (b)
Q39. A conducting wire in the shape of a circle lies on the  x, y  -plane with its centre at the
origin. A bar magnet moves with a constant velocity towards the wire along the z -axis (as
shown in the figure below)
v dA
Observer facing the ring
S N in the direction of arrow
Z
We take t  0 to be the instant at which the midpoint of the magnet is at the centre of the wire
loop and the induced current to be positive when it is counter-clockwise as viewed by the
observer facing the loop and the incoming magnet. In these conventions, the best schematic
representation of the induced current I  t  as a function of t , is
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I I
(a) (b)
t t
0 0
I
I
(c) (d)
0
t 0
t
Ans. 39: (d)

Solution: As, north pole of the magnet moves towards the coil, the induced current must flow in
a direction (clockwise as seen from right) to create north polarity on left. However, the current
seen from right and flowing counterclockwise is to be considered positive. This
v dA
Observer facing the ring
S N in the direction of arrow
Z
current will produce a south polarity on the left of the coil. Thus, as seen by an observer from
right, the current must flow clockwise to produce a north polarity on left. This clockwise current
will be negative. Thus, as the bar magnet approaches the coil, first induced current will be
negative and after it is about to cross, induced current must be positive. Thus, option (d)
should be the correct answer.
Q40. The vector potential for an almost point like magnetic dipole located at the origin is
  sin 
A ˆ where  r , ,   denote the spherical polar coordinates and ˆ is the unit vector
4 r 2
along ˆ . A particle of mass m and charge q , moving in the equatorial plane of the
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dipole, starts at time  t  0 with an initial speed v0 and an impact parameter b . Its
instantaneous speed at the point of closest approach is
q  q 
2
(a) v0 (b) 0 / 0 (c) v0  (d) v02   2 

4 mb 2  4 mb 
Ans. 40: (a)
Solution: A static magnetic field does not alter the magnitude of speed of a charged particle. It
only alters the direction of motion. Hence, its speed will be the same as the one it started with.
(i.e., v0 ). Thus, (a) is the correct answer.
Q41. The equation of motion of a one-dimensional forced harmonic oscillator in the presence of
d 2x dx
a dissipative force is described by 2
 10  16 x  6te8t  4t 2 e2t . The general form of the
dt dt
particular solution, in terms of constants A, B etc ., is
 
(a) t At 2  Bt  C e2t   Dt  E  e8t  
(b) At 2  Bt  C e2t   Dt  E  e8t
(c) t  At 2
 Bt  C  e 2 t
 t  Dt  E  e 8t (d)  At 2
 Bt  C  e 2 t
 t  Dt  E  e8t
Ans. 41: (c)

d2x dx
Given differential equation is 2  10  16 x  6te8t  4t 2 e2t
dt dt
Auxiliary equation is D 2  10 D  16  0  ( D  8)( D  2)  0  D  8, 2
Thus, the complementary function can be written as
ycf  ae8t  be2t .............(1)
1 1 1
PI  6te 8t  4t 2 e 2t  2 (6te 8t )  2 (4t 2 e 2t ).......(2)
D  10 D  16
2
D  10 D  16 D  10 D  16
1 1 1 1  1 1
(6te 8t )     6 te 8t  te 8t  te 8t
D  10 D  16
2
6  D  2 D  8 D2 D 8
 e 2t  e 2t te 8t dt  e 8t  e8t te 8t dt  e 2t  te 6t dt  e 8t  tdt
 e 6t e 6t  t 2 8t  e 6t e 6t  t 2 8t e 8t e 8t t 2 8t =
 e 2t t   (1) dt   e  e 2t t    e  t   e
 6 6  2  6 36  2 6 36 2
t2 te 8t e 8t
  e 8t  
2 6 36
The last terms in the above expression can be coupled with complementary function
Therefore, A '  t  Dt  E  e8t ...............(3)
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1 1 1 1  2t 2  1 2 2t 1 2 2t 

(4t 2 e 2t )     4te   t e  t e 
D  10 D  16
2
6  D  2 D  8 3 D2 D 8 
2  2t 2 2 t3  t 2 e6t e6t  
 e  t dt  e 8t  t 2 e6t dt   e 2t  e 8t    2t dt 
3  3
 3  6 6  
2 t3  t 2 e6t 1 6t   2  2t t 3  t 2 e6t 1  te6t e6t   

  e 2t  e8t    te dt     e  e 8t     dt   
3 3  6 3  3 
 3  6 3  6 6   
2 t3  t 2 e6t 1  te6t e6t    2  2t t 3  t 2 e6t 1  te6t e6t   
  e 2t  e 8t     dt     e  e 8t     
3  3  6 3 6 6    3  3  6 3  6 36   
2  2t t 3 8t  t e
2 6t
te6t e6t   2  2t t 3 t 2 e 2t te 2t e 2t 
    6    e   
18 108   3  18 108 
e e
3 3  3 6
2t 3e 2t t 2 e 2t te 2t e 2t
   
9 9 27 162
The last terms in the above expression can be coupled with complementary function
Therefore, B '  t  At 2  BT  C  e 2 t ...........(4)
From (3) and (4); PI  t  At 2  BT  C  e 2t  t  Dt  E  e 8t ............(5)
Thus, (c) is correct option.

Q42. The figures below depict three different wave functions of a particle confined to a one
dimensional box 1  x  1
A B C
1.25
1 2
1
0.5 0.75 1
0.5
0 0.25 0
0.5 0 1
0.25
1 0.5 2
1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1
x x x
The wave functions that correspond to the maximum expectation values x (absolute value of
the mean position) and x 2 , respectively, are
(a) B and C (b) B and A (c) C and B (d) A and B

Ans. 42: (a)
Solution: This problem is solved using properties:
(1) For a box of length  a  x  d , x is always zero.
(2) For a 60x of length  a  x  d , x is always non zero.
(3) The wavefunction is of the form

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  x   A  a2  x2  x  a
The normalised wave function is given by
3 
a2  x2 
15
  x 
16a
The expectation value of x 2 is
16a 7
15
 
d
x2 
16a 5  a
x 2 a 2  x 2 dx 
105
Thus, at a  1 curve would take maximum and minimum values.
For x the curve given in the option (b) is non-zero.
For x 2 , the curve takes maximum and minimum value at a  1 in the curve shown in option
(c).
1 2
p   x , where
3
Q43. The Hamiltonian of a particle of mass m in one-dimension is H 
2m
  0 is a constant. If E1 and E2 respectively, denote the ground state energies of the particle
for   1 and   2 (in appropriate units) the ratio E2 / E1 is best approximated by
(a) 1.260 (b) 1.414 (c) 1.516 (d) 1.320

Ans. 43: (d)
Consider the potential of the particle of form
V  x   x
n
The ground state energy of the particle using with approximation depends on .
2
or  n  2
2 2
    m  2  2  3 2 2
So the ration  2 | 1 is given by 2   2    2 5
1  1  1
2
or  1.319  1.32 .
1
Q44. A generic 3  3 real matrix A has eigenvalues 0,1 and 6 , and I is the 3  3 identity
matrix. The quantity/quantities that cannot be determined from this information is/are the
(a) eigenvalue of  I  A 
1

(b) eigenvalue of I  AT A 
(c) determinant of AT A (d) rank of A
Ans. 44: (b)
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Solution: Given Eigen values are  0,1, 6

Eigen values of I  A are  1  Eigen values of A
1 1
Therefore, Eigen values of ( I  A) 1 are  1, ,
2 7
Therefore, `a’ can be determined
A  0 1 6  0 , AT  0  1 6  0 . Therefore, AAT  A AT  0
Thus, (c) can also be determined

As one Eigen value is 0 . Therefore, rank is 3-1=2. Hence, `d’ can also be determined.
Thus, `b’ cannot be determined. Hence, it is the correct answer.
  
 
Q45. The volume integral I   A    A d 3 x , is over a region V bounded by a surface 
V
(an infinitesimal area element being n̂ds , where n̂ is the outward unit normal). If it changes to
  
I  I when the vector A is changed to A   , then I can be expressed as
  

(a)      A d 3 x  (b)    2  d 3 x
V V
  

(c)   

A ˆ
. nds  (d) 

.nds
ˆ
Ans. 45: (c)

Solution:
  
I     A  (  A)d 3 x
    
I  I     ( A   )  (  ( A   ))d 3 x
     
I  I     ( A   )  (  ( A)    ( ))d 3 x
Now, the curl of the gradient always vanishes.

Therefore, the above equation becomes.
     
 
I  I     A    A      A d 3 x   
     
 
I  I     A    A d 3 x         A d 3 x  
The first term in the above expression is just the I . Thus, we get
  
 
I         A d 3 x...........( A)
        
We know,   ( A  B)  B    A  A    B    
   
Using, A  A, B   in the above expression, we get
        

  ( A   )      A  A       
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     
The second term vanishes again. Therefore, we get   ( A   )      A  
  
Substituting, this result in (A), we get I       ( A   )d 3 x
   
Using, divergence theorem, we get I    ( A    )  ˆ
nds      A)  nds
 (  ˆ
Thus, (c) is the correct option.
Part C
Q46. The Newton-Raphson method is to be used to determine the reciprocal of the number
x  4 . If we start with the initial guess 0.20 then after the first iteration the reciprocal is
(a) 0.23 (b) 0.24 (c) 0.25 (d) 0.26
Ans. 46: (b)
1 1
Solution: To find the inverse of 4 , let x   f ( x)   4  0
4 x
Thus, we need the solution of this equation after first iteration.
Starting point, x0  0.20
1
 f ( x0 )   4  5 4 1
0.20
1 1
f '( x0 )   2   25
x x  x0 (0.20)2
f ( x0 ) 1
xn 1  xn   0.20   0.20  0.04  0.24
f '( x0 ) 25
Hence, (b) is correct option.
Q47. A laser beam propagates from fiber 1 to fiber 2 in a cavity made up of two optical fibers
(as shown in the figure). The loss factor of fiber 2 is 10 dB / km .
Fiber 1 d 0 Fiber 2
If E2  d  denotes the magnitude of the electric field in fiber 2 at a distance d from the
interface, the ratio E2  0  / E2  d  for d  10 km , is
(a) 102 (b) 103 (c) 105 (d) 107

Ans. 47: (c)
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Q48. The fulcrum of a simple pendulum (consisting of a particle of mass m attached to the
support by a massless string of length  ) oscillates vertically as sin z  t   a sin t , where  is
a constant. The pendulum moves in a vertical plane and   t  denotes its angular position with
respect to the z -axis

z
z t 
 t  
m
d 2
If   sin   g  f  t    0 (where g is the acceleration due to gravity) describes the
dt 2
equation of motion of the mass, then f  t  is
(a) a 2 cos t (b) a 2 sin t (c) a 2 cos t (d)  a 2 sin t

Ans. 48: NOT Given
Q49. The energies of a two-state quantum system are E0 and E0    , (where   0 is a
constant) and the corresponding normalized state vectors are 0 and 1 , respectively. At
time t  0 , when the system is in the state 0 , the potential is altered by a time independent term
V such that 1 V 0   /10 . The transition probability to the state 1 at times t  1/  , is
(a)  2t 2 / 25 (b)  2t 2 / 50 (c)  2t 2 /100 (d)  2t 2 / 200

Ans. 49: (c)
Solution: The transmission probability to the state 1 at time t is
t    
1 2 i  1 0 t
P01  2 1  0
 e 0
  
dt
2 2 2
1     2 2  2t 2
2 t t t
e e  dt
i t
 2 
i
t dt  dt  
  10  0
 100 0
100 0
100
where, we have used ei t  1 as  t  1

Q50. The nuclei of 137
Cs decay by the emission of  -particles with a half-life of 30.08 years.
137
The activity (in units of disintegrations per second or Bq ) of a 1 mg source of Cs , prepared on
January 1, 1980 , as measured on January 1, 2021 is closest to
(a) 1.79 1016 (b) 1.79  109 (c) 1.24 1016 (d) 1.24  109
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Ans. 50: (d)

Solution: A   N   N 0e t
0.693 103 
0.693
40
   6.02 10  e
23 30.08
30.08 yrs 137
 0.023  4.3 1018  e0.922 (Disintegration per year)

 0.023  4.3 1018  0.3977
 0.0393 1018 (Disintegration per year)
0.0393 1018
 (dps)
365  24  60  60
 1.24  109 (dps)
v
Q51. To measure the height h of a column of liquid helium in a container, a
constant current I is sent through an NbTi wire of length l , as shown in the
figure. The normal state resistance of the NbTi wire is .
If the superconducting transition temperature of
NbTi is  10 K , then the measured voltage V  h 
is best described by the expression h
 1 2h 
(a) IR   
2 l 
 h
(b) IR  1  
 l
1 h
(c) IR   
2 l 
 2h 
(d) IR 1  
 l 
Ans. 51: (d)
Solution: Since the superconducting critical temperature for NOT is 30K, the partition of the
wire immersed in the liquid Helium is in the superconducting state with zero resistance, while
the partition above the liquid is in normal state with resistance R.
l
where R 
A
The resistance of the wire of length l is
  l  2h  l  l l  2h
R'    
A l A l
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 2h 
R '  R 1  
 l 
Since,
V  1R '
 2h 
V  1R 1  
 l 
Thus correct answer is (d).

Q52. Diffuse hydrogen gas within a galaxy may be assumed to follow a Maxwell distribution at
temperature 106 K , while the temperature appropriate for the H gas in the inter-galactic space,
following the same distribution, may be taken to be 104 K . The ratio of thermal broadening
vG / vIG of the Lyman-  line from the H -atoms within the galaxy to that from the inter-
galactic space is closest to
(a) 100 (b) 1/100 (c) 10 (d) 1/10
Ans. 52: (c)
Q53. The dispersion relation of a gas of non-interacting bosons in d dimensions E  k   ak s
where a and s are positive constants, Bose-Einstein condensation will occur for all values of
(a) d  s (b) d  2  s  d  2
(c) s  2 independent of d (d) d  2 independent of s
Ans. 53: (a)
Solution: Given the dispersion relation
E  k   ak s .....(1)
For a non-relativistic system in 3-D

p2 2 k 2
E   s  2, d  3
2m 2m
sd
Similarly in relativistic case in 3-D
E  pc  Ck ,  s  1, d  3
sd
In 2-D relativistic
E  pC , p  p x2  py 2 , s  1, d  2
sd
 (a) is correct
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Q54. A perfectly conducting fluid of permittivity  and permeability  flows with a uniform
  
velocity v in the presence of time dependent electric and magnetic fields E and B ,
respectively, if there is a finite current density in the fluid, then
 
   B    B

(a)   v  B   t
(b)   v  B   
t

 
   E    E
 
(c)   v  B  
t
(d)   v  B     t

Ans. 54: (a)
Solution: The generalised Ohm’s law for conducting fluids is given by
   
J   E  v B

If, there is no net current, J  0 . Thus, the above equation becomes,
  
E  v  B  0  being common, cancel’s out.
Taking curl of the above equation, we get
        
 
 E  v B   E   v B  0  

  B
Using E  E   in the above equation, we get
t
 
 B       B

t
 
 v B  0   v B 
t
 
Thus, (a) is the correct answer.
Q55. The pressure of a gas in a vessel needs be maintained between 1.5 bar to 2.5 bar in an
experiment. The vessel is fitted with a 500
pressure transducer that generates 4 mA to 
20 mA current for pressure in the range   Overpressure

V2 indicator
1 bar to 5 bar. The current output of the 
P

transducer has a linear dependence on the
pressure.   Pressure
Ready
V1
The reference voltages V1 and V2 in the
comparators in the circuit (shown in figure above) suitable for the desired operating conditions
are respectively
(a) 2V and 10 V (b) 2V and 5V (c) 3V and 10 V (d) 3V and 5V
Ans. 55: (d)
Solution: 4 mA to 20 mA current for pressure in the range 1 bar to 5 bar.
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So 1 bar corresponds to 4 mA .
So 1.5 bar  6 mA  V1  6 mA  500  3.0 V
and 2.5 bar  10 mA  V2  10 mA  500  5.0 V
Q56. The energy levels of a non-degenerate quantum system are n  nE0 , where E0 is a
constant and n  1, 2,3,... . At a temperature T , the free energy F can be expressed in terms of
the average energy E by
E E E E
(a) E0  k BT ln (b) E0  2k BT ln (c) E0  k BT ln (d) E0  2k BT ln
E0 E0 E0 E0
Ans. 56: (c)
Solution: En  nE0
E3  3E0
E2  2E0
E1  E0
Q  e   E0  e2  E0  e3  E0  e  E0 1  e  E0  e2  E0  ....
1 1
 e   E0    E0
  E0 ....(1)
1 e e 1
Now Helmholtz free energy
F  k BT ln Q  k BT ln e  E0  1  ....(2)
 ln 
Now E    ln  e  E  1
 
e  E0  E0 

e  E0

1
i.e.,
E0  E0
E

e  e  E0  1  ....(3)
From (2) & (3)

E   E  
F  k BT ln  0 e  E0   k BT ln  0   ln e  E0 
 E    E  
 E  E 
 k BT ln  0   0 
  E  k BT 
 E 
F  E0  k BT ln  
 E0 
 (c) is correct.
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Q57. A particle in two dimensions is found to trace an orbit r    r0 2 . If it is moving under
the influence of a central potential V  r   c1r  a  c2 r  b , where r0 , c1 and c2 are constants of
appropriate dimensions, the values of a and b , respectively, are

(a) 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 3
Ans. 57: (b)
1 1 du 2 d 2u 6
Solution: u       
r r0 2
d r0 3
d 2
r0 4
Differential equation of the orbit
d 2u m 1
u   2 2 f  
d 2
 u u
6 1 mr02 4  1 
  f 
r0 4 r0 2 2 u
1 6 2 2
f   3 8  3 6
u mr0  mr0 
f  r    Ar 4  Br 3
where A and B are constants

6 2 r0 2
A and B 
m m
V  r     f  r  dr
   Ar 4  Br 3  dr
r 41 r 31
A B
3 2
V  r   c1r 3  c2 r 2  c1r  a  c2 r  b
a3
b2
m 12 x 2  22 y 2  32 z 2  in the

1
Q58. A particle of mass m moves in a potential that is V 
2
coordinates of a non-inertial frame F . The frame F is rotating with respect to an inertial frame
with an angular velocity k̂ , where k̂ it is the unit vector along their common z -axis. The
motion of the particle is unstable for all angular frequencies satisfying
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(a)   2  12   2  22   0 (b)   2  12   2  22   0

(c)  2  1  2 
2
  2
 1  2
2
0 
(d)  2  1  2 
2
  2
 1  2
2
0
Ans. 58: (b)
Q59. A 60
Co nucleus  -decays from its ground state with J P  5 to a state of 60
Ni with
J P  4 . From the angular momentum selection rules, the allowed values of the orbital angular
momentum L and the total spin S of the electron-antineutrino pair are
(a) L  0 and S  1 (b) L  1 and S  0 (c) L  0 and S  0 (d) L  1 and S  1
Ans. 59: (a)
Solution.
60
Co  60 Ni     e
5+ 4+
Here  J  1 ,   No
So, the given transition is allowed Gamow-Teller transition. So allowed values of the orbital
angular momentum L and total spins of the electron-antineutrino pair are
L  0 and S  1
Q60. A satellite of mass m orbits around earth in an elliptic trajectory of semi-major axis a . At
a radial distance r  r0 , measured from the centre of the earth, the kinetic energy is equal to half
the magnitude of the total energy. If M denotes the mass of the earth and the total energy is
GMm
 , the value of r0 / a is nearest to
2a
(a) 1.33 (b) 1.48 (c) 1.25 (d) 1.67
Ans. 60: (a)
GMm
Solution: TE  
2a
1 GMm
KE  TE 
2 4a
GMm GMm
PE  TE  KE   
2a 4a
3GMm
PE   (1)
4a
The potential energy at r  r0 will be
GMm
PE   (2)
r0
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From Eqs. (1) and (2)

3GMm GMm r 4
   0   1.33
4a r0 a 3
Q61. A particle of mass m in one dimension is in the ground state of a simple harmonic
p2 1
oscillator described by a Hamiltonian H   m 2 x 2 in the standard notation. An impulsive
2m 2
force at time to t  0 suddenly imparts a momentum p0  m to it. The probability that the
particle remains in the original ground state is
(a) e 2 (b) e3/ 2 (c) e 1 (d) e1/ 2
Ans. 61: (d)
Solution: The new state of the system is
 P  x   e ip x  0  x 
0
0
1
 m  4  ip0 x  m x2 2 
  e e
  
In an expansion in the complete set of harmonic oscillator eigenfunction.

 P  x    Cn n  x 
0
n 0
the coefficient

Cn   dx n*  x  P0  x 

are the probability amplitudes for the system in the state  n . Thus
P0   0  x  P0  x  dx =  02  x  e
2 2
 p0 x 
dx
Calculating the Guarian integral

 i m 2   P0  2
   xp0  x   
4 m  
  

 
dx e e
 t
   4 mp 
2
0
 e
m
Substituting value in expression of probability.
2
1  i m 2 
2 
 m    p0 x  x 
e    
P0   dx
   
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1 1 2
 m  2     2  4 m0 
p2 p2
 0
    e  e 2 m 
     m 
We get
 
2
p02 m 
  1
P0  e 2 m 
e 2 m 
e 2

 2
  4
e
 i x   x
P0  m  ; dx 
2
e


Q62. A polymer, made up of N monomers, is in thermal equilibrium at temperature T . Each
monomer could be of length a or 2a . The first contributes zero energy, while the second one
contributes  . The average length (in units of Na ) of the polymer at temperature T  / k B is
5e 4e 3 e 2e

(a) (b) (c) (d)
4e 3 e 2e 1 e
Ans. 62: (d)
Solution: When length of monomer is
a, energy = 0
2a, energy = 
gi e   i
Now P     , Here gi  1
 gi e 1
e  0 1
 P   0    0  

e e 1  e 
e 
P     
1  e 
L  NaP  0   2 NaP   
Na 2 Na e 
 
1  e  1  e 
Let T  
1 1
  
kB k0T k B   k B
   1
1  2e    1  2e 1 
 L  Na    
 Na  1 
 1 e   1 e 
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e  2
L  Na 
 e  1 
 (d) is correct .
Q63. The figure below shows an ideal capacitor consisting of two parallel circular plates of
radius R . Points P1 and P2 are at a transverse distance, r1  R from the line joining the centers
of the plates, while points P3 and P4 are at a transverse distance r2  R .
P1 P2
 
r1
l
R
r2
 
P3 P4
It B  x  denotes the magnitude of the magnetic fields at these points, which of the following
holds while the capacitor is charging?

(a) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4  (b) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4 
(c) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4  (d) B  P1   B  P2  and B  P3   B  P4 
Ans. 63: (c)

Solution:
P1 P2
 
r1
l
R
r2
 
P3 P4
Magnetic field at P2 and P4 can be simply written using Ampere’s law (as these points are outside
the capacitor, therefore magnetic field only depends upon the magnitude of free current which is
just I).
0 I I
Thus, B2 (r )  and B4 ( r )  0
2 r1 2 r2
At P1 and P3, magnetic field depends upon displacement current.
Field at P1: -
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
  dE  
Using  B  dl  0 I enc  0 0  .d a , E  , A   R
2
S
dt 0
The conduction current is zero. Further, note that the displacement current does not flow outside
the plates, therefore r  R on R.H.S and r  r1 on L.H.S.
d  2  0 0 d I
Thus, we get B1  2 r1  0 0  R  
dt   0   0 dt
2

 q   0 I ,  R   q  B1  0
2 r1

Field at P3: -

  dE  
Using  B  dl  0 I enc  0 0  .d a , E  , A   r22
S
dt 0
Note that displacement current flowing through only r  r2 counts on R.H.S. Therefore r  r2 on
R.H.S as well as on L.H.S.
Thus, we get
d  2 d q 2 d  r22  q dq 
B3  2 r2  0 0   r2      2  r2       2 ,
q   ,I  
dt   0    R  0 R
0 0 0 0
 dt 
2
 dt  R 0  dt
r2  Ir
 B3  2 r2  0 I 22  B3  0 22
R 2 R
Comparing, B1  B2
B3 0 Ir2 2 r2 r2 2
and   2  1 r2  R   B3  B4
B4 2 R 2 0 I R
Thus, (c) is the correct answer.
Q64. The 3, 0, 0 state in the standard notation n, l , m of the H -atom in the non-relativistic
theory decays to the state 1, 0, 0 via two dipole transition. The transition route and the
corresponding probability are

(a) 3, 0, 0  2,1,  1  1, 0, 0 and 1/ 4 (b) 3, 0, 0  2,1,1  1, 0, 0 and 1/ 4
(c) 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0  1, 0, 0 and 1/ 3 (d) 3, 0, 0  2,1, 0  1, 0, 0 and 2 / 3
Ans. 64: (c)

Solution: For, dipole transition,
For all options, n = 2, so l = 0, 1

For l = 0, m = 0 and for l = 1, m = -1, 0, 1
The transitions via for m = -1, 0, 1 are all valid according to the
dipole transition rule. Thus, there are three different states through which the state can
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decay to each with equal probability. Hence each transition has a probability of 1/3. So,
option (c) with probability 1/3 is correct.
Q65. Balls of ten different colours labeled by a  1, 2,...,10 are to be distributed among different
coloured boxes. A ball can only go in a box of the same colour, and each box can contain at most
one ball. Let na and N a denote respectively, the numbers of balls and boxes of colour a .
Assuming that N a  na  1 , the total entropy (in units of the Boltzmann constant) can be best
approximated by
(a)  N a a ln N a  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na 
(b)  N a a ln N a  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na  
(c)  N a a ln N a  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na  
(d)  N a a ln N a  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na  
Ans. 65: (b)
Solution:Let n1 balls of colour 1 to be distributed in N1 boxes of colour 1
n2 balls of colour 2 to be distributed in N 2 boxes of colour 2
n10 balls of colour 10 to be distributed in N10 boxes of colour 10
N1 ! N2 ! N10 !
 Total    .... 
n1 ! N1  n1  ! n2 ! N 2  n2  ! n10 ! N10  n10  !
Na !

a na ! N a  na  !
S  k B ln 
 Na ! 
 k B  ln  
a  na ! N a  na  !
   N a ln Na  na ln na   N a  na  ln  N a  na  
S
kB a
 (b) is correct.
Q66. A linear diatomic molecule consists of two identical small electric dipoles with an
equilibrium separation R , which is assumed to be a constant. Each dipole has charges  q of
mass m separated by r when the molecule is at equilibrium. Each dipole can execute simple
harmonic motion of angular frequency 
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r r
   
R
 
Recall that the interaction potential between two dipoles of moments p1 and p2 , separated by
  
  
R12  R12 nˆ is p1  p2  3  p1  nˆ  p2  nˆ  /  4 0 R123  .
q2
Assume that R  r and let   2
. The angular frequencies of small oscillations of
4 0 mR 3
the diatomic molecule are
(a)  2   2 and  2   2 (b)  2  3 2 and  2  3 2
(c)  2  4 2 and  2  4 2 (d)  2  2 2 and  2  2 2

Ans. 66: (c)
Solution: We need to remember that for two coupled oscillators (two equal masses attached by a
spring of force constant  and attached to the walls from two sides with a spring of force
constant k ), the difference of squares of allowed frequency of oscillations is given by
 k
22  12  2 , 1  ..............(1)
m m
The situation here is identical. The interaction energy of two dipoles which are parallel is given
by (given in the statement of the problem and taking the angle between the parallel dipoles to be
zero degree)
2 p 2 2q 2 r 2
 , p1  p2  p  qr U 
4 0 R 3 4 0 R 3
U 4 q 2 r  4q 2 
F     r    
r 4 0 R 3  4 0 R 3 
Therefore, substituting the value of force constant obtained above in the (1), we get
2 4q 2 8q 2  2 q2 
22  12    82 ,    3 
m 4 0 R 3
4 0 mR 3
 4 0 mR 
The value of  2 is given in the statement of the problem. This is the difference expected in the
two frequencies. If we look for this difference of frequencies in the given options, only (c)
satisfies this criterion. Therefore, it is the correct option.
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Q67. The Legendre polynomials Pn  x  , n  0,1, 2,..., satisfying the orthogonality condition
2
Pn  x  pm  x  dx   1,  1 ,
1
 1 2n  1
 nm on the interval may be defined by the Rodrigues
1 dn 2
n 
Pn  x   x  1 .
n
formula n
The value of the definite integral
2 n ! dx
  4  2 x  3x 
 4 x 3 P3  x  dx is
1
2
1
(a) 3 / 5 (b) 11/15 (c) 23 / 32 (d) 16 / 35

Ans. 67: (d)
Let
4  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  a0 P0 ( x)  a1 P1 ( x )  a2 P2 ( x )  a3 P3 ( x )
 3x 2  1  5 x3  3x   a2   3a3  3 5a3 x 3
4  2 x  3 x 2  4 x 3  a0  a1 x  a2  
 3a 
  0
a   a  x  a x 2

2   2 
1 2
 2   2   2 2
Comparing, we get
3 5 8
a2  3  a2  2, a3  4  a3 
2 2 5
a 2
a0  2  4  a0  4  3
2 2
3a 24 12 22
a1  3  2  a1  2 2
2 10 5 5
Therefore,
 
1 1
22 8
 (4  2 x  3x  4 x ) P3 ( x)dx    3P0 ( x)  P1 ( x)  2 P2 ( x)  P3 ( x)  P3 ( x)dx 
2 3
1  
1
5 5
1 1
8 8 8 2 16
1 5 P3 ( x) P3 ( x)dx  5 1 P3 ( x) P3 ( x)dx  5 2  3  1  35
Other integrals vanish because of orthogonal property. Thus, (d) is correct option.
Q68. If we use the Fourier transform   x, y    eikxk  y  dk to solve the partial differential
 2  x, y  1    x, y  m 2
2
equation   2  2   x, y   0 in the half-plane

y 2 y x 2 y
 x, y  :   x  , 0  y   the Fourier modes   y  k depend on y as y and y  . The value
of  and  are
(a)
1
2

 1  4 k 2  m2  and
1
2

 1  4 k 2  m2 
(b) 1  1  4  k 2  m 2  and 1  1  4  k 2  m 2 
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1  4  k 2  m2  and  1  4  k 2  m2 
1 1 1 1
(c) 
2 2 2 2
(d) 1 
1
2
 1

1  4 k 2  m2 and 1  1  4 k 2  m2
2
 
Ans. 68: (c)
Solution:
 ( x, y )   eikxk ( y ) dk  k ( y )   e  ikx ( x, y ) dx
Given equation
 2 ( x, y ) 1  2 ( x, y ) m 2 2   ( x, y )
2
 2 ( x, y )
    ( x , y )  0   y   m 2 ( x, y )  0
y 2
y 2
x 2
y 2
y 2
x 2
Multiplying both sides by e  ikx and integrating with respect to `x’, we get
 2  ikx  ikx   ( x, y )
2
2 

 y2
y
e  ( x , y ) dx

  e
x 2
dx  m2  e ikx ( x, y )dx  0.............(1)
 2 ( x, y )
Using  eikx dx  (ik )2  eikx ( x, y )dx in (1) , we get
x 2
 2k ( y )
 y2  (ik ) 2 k ( y )  m 2k ( y )  0
y 2
 2k ( y )
 y2  (k 2  m 2 )k ( y )  0...............(2)
y 2
Using, y  e z , (2) becomes
 D ( D  1)  ( k 2  m 2 )  k ( z )  0............(3)
The auxiliary equation can be written as
1  1  4(k 2  m 2 )
D 2  D  (k 2  m2 )  0  D 
2
The solution of (3) can therefore be written as
1 1 4( k 2  m2 ) 1 1 4( k 2  m2 ) 1 1 4( k 2  m 2 ) 1 1 4( k 2  m2 )
z z
k ( z )  ae 2
 be 2
 k ( z )  a(e )
z 2
 b(e )
z 2
Reverting to original variable, we get

1 1 4( k 2  m 2 ) 1 1 4( k 2  m 2 )
k ( y )  a ( y ) 2
 b( y ) 2
1  1  4(k 2  m 2 ) 1  1  4(k 2  m 2 )
Therefore,   and  
2 2
Thus, (c) is correct option.
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Q69. In the following circuit the input voltage Vin is such that Vin  Vsat where Vsat is the
saturation voltage of the op-amp (Assume that the diode is an ideal one and RL C is much larger
than the duration of the measurement.)
Vin
12
 D
10
OPAMP
Vin  8
C RL Vout 6
4
2 t
1 2 3 4
Ground
For the input voltage as shown in the figure above the output voltage Vout is best represented by
Vout
(a) Vout (b)
12
12 10
10 8
8 6
6 4
4 2
2 t
t 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
(c) Vout (d)
Vout
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
2 t 2 t
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Ans. 69: (a)

Solution: It’s a peak detector circuit so options (a) is correct.
Q70. Potassium chloride forms an FCC lattice, in which K and Cl occupy alternating sites.
The density of KCl is 1.98 g / cm3 and the atomic weights of K and Cl are 39.1 and 35.5 ,
respectively. The angles of incidence (in degrees) for which Bragg peaks will appear when X -
ray of wavelength 0.4 nm is shone on a KCl crystal are
(a) 18.5,39.4 and 72.2 (b) 19.5 and 41.9
(c) 12.5, 25.7, 40.5 and 60.0 (d) 13.5, 27.8, 44.5 and 69.0
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Ans. 70: (a)

Solution: Lattice Parameter is
nca  m 4  39.1  4  35.5
a3    2.5 1022
N A   6.023  1023 1.98
a  6.3 108 cm  6.3 A

Bragg's law is

2d sin     sin   h2  k 2  l 2
2a
For (200) plane
4 A 2
sin   22  0  0  2
2  6.3 A 6.3
sin   6.3175  2  6.63
   sin 1  0.63  39.4
Thus option (a) is correct

Q71. Lead is superconducting below 7K and has a critical magnetic field 800 104 tesla close
to 0 K . At 2 K the critical current that flows through a long lead wire of radius 5 mm is closest
to
(a) 1760 A (b) 1670 A (c) 1950 A (d) 1840 A
Ans. 71: (d)
Solution: Critical field at temperature T is
  T 2 
Bc T   Bc  c  1    
  Tc  
Given Bc  c   800 104 T , Tc  7 k
 At T  2k ,
  2 2 
Bc  2k   800 10 1    
4
  7  
 49  4   45 
Bc  2k   800 104    800 104  
 49   49 
Critical current is
 45 
2   5 103  800 104  
2 rBc  2k   49   1837 A
Ic  
0 4  10 7
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Q72. The Q -value of the  -decay of 232

Th to the ground state of 228
Ra in 4082 keV . The
maximum possible kinetic energy of the  -particle is closest to
(a) 4082 keV (b) 4050 keV (c) 4035 keV (d) 4012 keV
Ans. 72: (d)
Solution: Q  4082 KeV
A
Q  K
A4
232
4082   K
232  4
228
K   4082  4012 KeV
238
Q73. In the reaction p  n  p  K   X mediated by strong interaction, the baryon number B ,
strangeness S and the third component of isospin I 3 of the particle X are, respectively
1
(a) 1,  1 and 1 (b) 1,  1 and 1 (c) 1,  2 and  (d) 1,  1 and 0
2
Ans. 73: (b)
Solution: p  n  p  K   X
B 1 1 1 0 1
S 0 0 0 +1 –1
1 1 1 1
I3     –1
2 2 2 2
Q74. In an elastic scattering process at an energy E , the phase shifts satisfy  0  30 , 1  10 ,
while the other phase shifts are zero. The polar angle at which the differential cross section peaks
is closest to
(a) 20 (b) 10 (c) 0 (d) 30
Ans. 74: (c)
Solution: In the partial wave expansion, the differential scattering cross section is given by
d
2
d  cos  
   2  1 e

i e
sin  e   cos  
where  is the scattering angle. Taking 'Cross section for   0 and   1 , we have,
d
 ei sin   3ei1 sin 1 cos   0
d  cos  
Since the differential cross section peaks is do not,
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d
 ei sin   3ei1 sin 1 cos   0
d  cos  
ei sin 
or cos  
3ei1 sin 1
Simplifying above expression
1 2 cos  sin  1 sin 2
cos   
3 2 cos 1 sin 1 3 sin 21
1 sin 2  30 1 sin 60
cos    
3 sin 2 10 3 sin 20
1 0.8660
or, cos      0.844
3 0.342
or
cos   0.844    32.4
Thus, the closest angle would be 30°.
Q75. The unnormalized wave function of a particle in one dimension in an infinite square well
with walls at x  0 and x  a , is   x   x  a  x  . If   x  is expanded as a linear combination
  x  dx is proportional to the infinite series

a

2
of the energy eigenfunctions,
0
 
a a
(You may use 0
t sin t dt   a cos a  sin a and 
0
t 2 sin t dt  2  a 2  2 cos a 2a sin a
  2n  1   2n  1   2n  1   2n  1
 6  4  2  8
(a) n 1
(b) n 1
(c) n 1
(d) n 1
Ans. 75: (a)

Solution: We have,
  x1 , t  0     a  x 
The normalization constant is determined at follows.
a
a5
   x dx  A  x  a  x  dx  A
2 2
2 2
1 2
0
30
a5
or A 
30
Thus, the normalised wave function is given by
30
  x1 , t  0   x  a  x  
a5
We expand   x, t  0  in terms of energy eigen starter.
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
  x, 0    Cn n  x  .
n 1
Multiply the above equation by  n*  x  and integrate to determine coefficient Cn ,

1
 30  2  2  n x
L a
Cn    x   x, 0  dx   5     x  a  x  sin
*
n dx
0 a  a0 d
Let change of variable y   x L


2 15  y
Cn 
 2  y 1    sin ny dy
0
Employing integral


 y sin ny   n  1
n

2 2 
y  1 3 
1  1
n n
2
sin ny dy   
n n 
0
We get
4 15 
1   1 
n
Cn  3 3 
 n 
Probability Pn is given by
240  n 2
Pn  an      
2
1 1
 6 n6  
One can see that Pn is proportional to n 6 , this is assessable in option (1). Hence the correct
series would by

  2n  1
6
.
n 1
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CSIR NET - 2021: Questions with Solution

NET- Joint CSIR UGC Examination June-2021

 a  b   a  b   4ab  16900  2500  14400

(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) 9

 Lowest latitude visible from spacecraft O Equitor

First Meet Second Meet Third Meet

Fourth Meet Fifth Meet

40 meters from study 40 meters from study

 Total number of cross before meeting at starting point  4 .

(b) n  n  1 / 2 (c) n  n  1 / 2 (d)  n  1 / 2

No. of balls f (3)  6 f  4   10

Where f  x   no. of balls in the arrangements

Hence it is true for all x .

Cov  X , Y   E  X  E  X   Y  E Y      E  X  E  X      var  X 

Cov  X , Y   var  X   var  X 

Q9. The maximum area of a right-angled triangle inscribed in a circle of radius r is

(a) 2r 2 (b) r 2 / 2 (c) 2r 2 (d) r 2

Also, area  ABC   ab / 2

 max ar  ABC   max  ab  (ii)

So, from Eq. (i)

max  ab  is possible when  a  b  is minimum, as 4r 2 is constant.

Solution: . Distance covered by roller in 45 minutes at a speed of

Ans. 13: (c)

Q14. If we replace the mathematical operations in the expression 11  4  2   24  6 as given in

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D

(b) x - components of linear and angular momenta ( p x and Lx )

(c) y -component of position and z -component of angular momentum ( y and Lx )

 x  iy    iyx   y  ix    ix  y  0

where, we have used.

where we have used

Q22. A particle in one dimension executes oscillatory motion in a potential V  x   A x , where

A  0 is a constant of appropriate dimension. If the time period T of its oscillation depends on

coordinates. The number of independent components of the matrix bij is

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 3 (d) 4

This equation represents a set of three equations

Let E1  Ex , E2  E y , E3  Ez and x1  x, x2  y, x3  z, 1 can be written as

E x  a1  b11 x  b12 y  b13 z 

Let’s just look at the x-component (which will be equal to zero).

independent components (4)

Ans. 27: option (a), (b) and (d) are possible

(a) 1/ 2 (b) 1/ 4 (c) 3 / 4 (d) 3/2

Here M is the mass of the earth.

x0 xL 2 xL

(b) The plot for  2  x  in between 0  x  L

The probability of finding the particle in region.

(d) The plot for  4  x  in region 0  x  L is

The probability of finding the particle in each of these region is 1 .

 T in measuring the time of flight is nearest to

gas in two dimensions is

g    AV  2 (with A  0 a constant). If the density of the solid doubles in a phase transition,

the Debye temperature  D will

(a) increase by a factor of 22 / 3 (b) increase by a factor of 21/ 3

Thus QD increases by a factor of 21 3 .

distribution q Y    q  0  , q 1 , q  4   of the random variable Y  X 2 is

Ans. 37: (d)

transform to one another under parity, i.e. P A  B and P B  A . If at time t  0 the

According to question, we have

Comparing coefficient of state A and B , we get

Ans. 39: (d)

(a) v0 (b) 0 / 0 (c) v0  (d) v02   2 

Ans. 41: (c)

1 1 1 1  2t 2  1 2 2t 1 2 2t 

2 t3  t 2 e6t 1 6t   2  2t t 3  t 2 e6t 1  te6t e6t   