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    5 views6 pages

    C168

    Uploaded by

    jitheshks

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    iy Designation: C 168 - 90 Thermal Insulating Materials* ‘aie ace S,Prusgeba Pe oh ‘epee tom ne a Bao of AST Sani Copy AM Standard Terminology Relating to ‘This standard issued under the Sed designation C 168; the number immesiaey Cllowing the designation indiaes the year of ginal adoption in Ue cam of ein, he Yer ofa revisor. A urbe in prenteues Ideas hear of at rapproval A Sopererip epsilon () indicate an editorial ehae since the ast revlon or reappeoval tandard_ provides definitions, symbols, units, and abbreviations of terms used in ASTM standards per- taining to thermal insulating materials, and to materials associated with them 1.2 The definitions appear in alphabetical order in the following sections: ‘THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS (PRINCIPAL MATERIAL TYPES) calcivm slcate ‘lar daromerc sala gs alla plytyrene ‘Sune poyurtnane ‘lle Mer ‘dtomaceoo lca omopeecout mata tained ber Pipe inslaton ‘hective felon ‘THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES absorpance aberpion oedocuce, len ‘nodvctance thermal ‘ondoctviy, thermal ‘ens, appret (tepid inslason) ‘sity thermal titane, rections ‘touane,bemisperkal finan, special fontuaee, oa ‘aciance ‘ela ae density ebectance eistance abrasion eistnce, feta ‘eltunc, pact teahnen) reste thermal "This terminology i under the juaicton of ASTM Comanitee C16 on. ‘accra Inuation and isthe direct rexpoesblity of Sabcommitee C1694 on Teminobey ‘Curent ton approve Jy 17, 190, Published September 1990 Oriily publibed as C 168-417 Last previos eden © 168 Als. ‘sity thera ‘Sri iranovers (oe Oca) ‘ares confiest Ueefreee thermal (cermitane, thera (iter vapor aiision ‘ater vapor permesblity ater vapor prmeaace ster vapor prea ter vapor retance see vapor rete, ‘ater vapor tmlton ene ‘weing tnd adhesin, srice ‘THERMAL INSULATION (GENERAL TERMS) spare thermal conductivity pparent thermal rey Urekbody covert covering capacity, ey ovring capacity, wet Steady ate thermal thermal senaion ‘ermal mation eye ‘ater vor retard (burir) 2. Referenced Document 2.1 180 Standard: ISO 7345 Thermal Insulation—Physical Quantities and Definitions? 3, Terminology 3.1 Definitions Relating to Thermal Insulation Materials (Principal Material Types): calcium silicate, —insulation composed principally of hhydrous calcium silicate, and which usually contains reinforcing fibers. cellular elastomertc, n—insulation composed principally of natural or synthetic elastomers, or both, processed to form a flexible, semirigi, or rigid foam which has @ predomi- nantly closed-cell structure. 2 Avail fhe American National Sundar Intute, 1430 Brody, New ‘York, NY 0018, hc 168 cellular glass, n—insulation composed of glass processed 10 form a rigid foam having a predominantly closed-cell structure. cellular polystyrene, n—insulation composed principally of polymerized styrene resin processed to form a rigid foam having a predominantly closed-cell structure. cellular polyurethane, insulation composed principally of the catalyzed reaction product of poiyisocyanate and polyhydroxy compounds, processed usually with fluoro- carbon gas to form a rigid foam having a predominantly closed-cell structure. cellulosic fiber, n—insulation composed principally of cellu- Tose fibers usually derived from paper, paperboard stock, ‘or wood, with or without binders. iatomaceous silica, insulation composed principally of diatomaceous earth with or without binders, and which usually contains reinforcing fibers. homogeneous material, n—a material in which relevant ‘properties are not a function of the position within the material Dscussion—Homogencity depends on the scale of the volume ‘ement used to examine the material. The purposes of Commitee C6 are best sited ifa macroscopic viewneint i taken such thatthe standard insulating materials are considered homogeneous (or ex- tmple, fibrous and celular insulation), at least in the heat fow ‘ection aad time frame invoived in a thermal tet. Disctssion--Relevant properties may be a function of such varabls as time, direction, or temperature. mineral fiber, n—insulation composed principally of fibers manufactured from rock, slag, or glass, with or without Dinders. perlite, n—insulation composed of natural perlite ore ex- panded to form a cellular structure. vermiculite, n—insulation composed of natural vermiculite ‘ore expanded to form an exfoliated structure, wood fiber, n—insulation composed of wood fibers, with or without binders. Dscussion—This is a ype of cellulosic fiber insulation. 3.2 Definitions Retating to Thermal Insulation Forms: blanket insulation, n—a relatively flat and flexible insulation in coherent sheet form furnished in units of substantial area, blanket insulation, metal mesh, r-—bianket insulation cov- ‘ered by flexible metal-mesh facings attached on one or both sides. block insulation, n—rigid insulation preformed into rectan- sgular units, board insulation, 1—semirigid insulation preformed into rectangular units having a degree of suppleness particu- larly related to their geometrical dimensions. cement, finishing, n—a mixture of dry fibrous or powdery ‘materials, or both, that when mixed with water develops 2 Plastic consistency, and when dried in place forms a relatively hard, protective surface. cement, insulating, i—a mixture of dry granular, flaky, fibrous, or powdery materials that when mixed with water develops a plastic consistency, and when dried in place forms a coherent covering that affords substantial resist- ‘ance to heat transmission. Joose fill insulation, n—insulation in granular, nodular, fibrous, powdery, or similar form designed to be installed by pouring, blowing, or hand placement. pipe insulation, —insvlation in a form suitable for applica- tion to cylindrical surfaces. reflective insulation, n—insulation depending for its per- formance upon reduction of radiant heat transfer across air spaces by use of one or more surfaces of high reflectance and low emittance. 3.3 Definitions Relating to Thermal Insulation Properties: ‘absorptance, —the ratio of the radiant flux absorbed by a body to that incident upon it absorption, n—transformation of radiant energy to a dif: ferent form of energy by interaction with matter. conductance, film, A, 2—the time rate of heat flow from a unit area ofa surface to its surroundings, induced by a unit temperature difference between the surface and the en ronment. Dscussion—The environment i¢ a Hid (Hauide or gate) & epends on the nature of uid motion past the surface Gaminar oF turbulent SU units: W/m?-K).. conductance, thermal, C, n—the time rate of steady state heat flow through a unit area of a material or construction induced by a unit temperature difference between the body surfaces Cm gat A conductance (C) associated with a material shall be specified as a material C. A conductance (C) associated with a system or construction of materials shall_be specified as a system C. (C in SI units: W/m?K.) (C in inch-pound units: (Btu/h)/f?/F = Btuyh fF.) Dscussion—The average temperature of a surface is the area weighted temperature of that surface. ‘Discussion— When the surfaces ofa mass type thermal insulation fare not of equal areas, asin the case of thermal wransmisson in the radial direction, or are not of uniform separation (thickness), the Surfie area and thiekes to which the conductance i assigned must be defined. Discussion—"Total” or “areal” thermal conductance are often ‘used as synonyms for thermal conductance Discussion—Thermal conductance and thermal resistance are ‘reciprocals of one another. ascusston—See Discussion under resistance, thermal, ‘conductivity, thermal, » or k, n—the time rate of steady state heat flow through a unit area of a homogeneous material induced by a unit temperature gradient in a direction perpendicular to that unit area. (Q or k in SI units: (W/m?)/(K/m) = W/m K.) Q or k in inch-pound units: (Biu/h}/f7 (F/R) = Btu/h fk F) or (Btu/h)/f?/(F/in.) = Btu injh ff F.) (See discussion under apparent thermal ‘conductivity in paragraph 3.4.) Discussion—Thermal condvetivity testing is usually done in one ‘of two apparatus/specimen geometries: flatsiab specimens. with parallel eat ux lines, or evlindrical specimens with radial heat Bux lines. The operational definitions of thermal conductivity (or these toro cases are given as follows cometry x= 2-4. Flatatab geometry A= 2 o where: Q= heat Now eat, A = area through Which Q passes, and @) c 168 L = thickness ofthe Nat-slab specimen across which the temperature diference AT exists. ‘The AT/L eatio approximates the temperature gradient. Cxtnide poner i= Baia where: T= length, ry = the outer radius, and 1 = the inner radius of the cylinder. [Equations | and 2 are actualy spevalcase simplifications ofthe more ‘general definition: ‘thermal conduetiity, Xa tensor property defined by the tensor ‘equation: a= vr o Where q isthe heat Gux vector, and V7 (grad 7) is tbe temperature fzradient vector. Except in theoretical discussions, thi generalized {orm of the definition is seldom used. For experimental situations, the geometry of the testing apparatus and the specimen are chosen such Set 2 eee seinen serene: en-aZ 0 beat ow rai, area through which Q passes, thermal conductivity, and ‘dr }éu = the temperature gradient i the direction of heat flow. ‘At seady slate, Eqs. 1 and 2 are comsisiet with Ea. 4 if 7 ‘ulcenty email If 47 is not sffiieny small, then Eqs. 1 and 2

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