Immunoglobulins, and order B cells present them MADGE
(character from the old dishwashing liquid commercial): IgM IgA IgD IgG IgE · Order of presentation by B cells (which is made first, IgD or IgM?) B cells present IgM primarily, and then IgD. Just remember why all of us are going through this pain...to become M.D's. For a B cell to be competent, it must get its MD. · Finally, by the same rule, B cells must first release M then G immunoglobulin on primary exposure.
Graves disease: etiology In Graves disease, the
thyroidstimulating immunoglobulins are of the IgGclass.
Dendritic cell: function DENDRITIC CELL:
Disguised in host tissue (but still have same function!) ECF ingestion Nothing left to chance (ensures an immune response) Derived from bone marrow Regulates the immune response Induces an immune response (makes it unique among antigen presenting cells) Transfers information from the ECF into the cell Immune tolerance (increases it) Coordinates the adaptive and innate immune systems Captures and processes antigen Expresses lymphocyte costimulatory molecules Llong processes extend from cell (stellate shaped) Lives in lymphoid tissue Secretes cytokine to initiate immune response
DiGeorge Syndrome: features The disease of T's:
Third and 4th pharyngeal pouch absent. TwentyTwo chromosome Tcells absent Tetany: hypocalcemia
ChrugStrauss syndrome: symptoms and signs PAVE:
PANCA Asthma Vasculitis Eosinophilia Immunoglobulin response to antigens: order of IgM vs. IgG "IMmunoGlobulin": IgM is released first, followed by IgG.
Sjogren syndrome: morphology "Jog through the
MAPLES": · Sjogren is: Mouth dry Arthritis Parotid enlarged Lymphoma Eyes dry Sicca (primary) or Secondary
Celiac sprue features CELIAC:
Cellmediated autoimmune disease European descent Lymphocytes in Lamina propria/ Lymphoma risk Intolerance of gluten (wheat) Atrophy of villi in small intestine/ Abnormal Dxylose test Childhood presentation · Atrophied villi cause less absorption, so diarrhea, weight loss, less energy.
Hypersensitivity: type IV example Poison IVy causes
type IVhypersensitivity.
Immunoglobulins: which crosses the placenta IgG
crosses the placenta during Gestation.
Interferon gamma: action on macrophages "Th1nk BIG Mac
Attack": Th1 and NK cells Build Interferon Gamma. Causes Macrophages to have an augmented Attack [by better lysosome function and increasing reactive oxygen metabolites, nitric oxide and defensins].
Passive vs. active immunity "Pay for Passive,
Active Ages": Passive:Pay for a shot of antibodies for fast results following exposure to Rabies, etc. Active: Slow onset ("aging") and memory.
T and B cells: types When bacteria enter body, Tcell says
to B: "Help Me Catch Some!" Bcell replies: "My Pleasure!": · Tcell types: Helper Memory Cytotoxic Suppressor · Bcell types: Memory cell Plasma cell
MHC: loci creating class I vs. II Class 1 has 1
letter: HLA I is HLAA, HLAB, HLAC. Class 2 has 2 letters: HLA II is HLADP, HLADQ, HLADR.
Hypersensitivity reactions: Gell and Goombs nomenclature
ACID · From I to IV: Anaphylactic type: type I Cytotoxic type: type II Immune complex disease: type III Delayed hypersensitivity (cell mediated): type IV
MHC I vs. II: T cell interaction The "=8" equation:
2x4=8, and 1x8=8. MHC II goes with CD4. MHC I goes with CD8.
Immunoglobulin (Ig) types: the important ones worth remembering, in
order of appearance MAGDElaine (a girl's name): IgM IgA IgG IgD IgE · Magdelaine tells you the order they usually appear: M first, then A or G. · Alternatively: IgM is IMmediate.
Acute inflammation features SLIPR:
Swelling Loss of function Increased heat Pain Redness · "What a cute pair of slippers" can be used to tie acute inflammation to SLIPR.
is Glomerulonephritis and Pnuemonitits. · From autoantibodies attacking Glomerular and Pulmonary basement membranes.
Complement: function of C3a versus C3b C3a: Activates
Acute [inflammation]. C3b: Bonds Bacteria [to macrophageseasier digestion]. · If wish to know more than just C3: C3a, C4a, C5a activate acute. C3b, C4bbind bacteria.
Complement cascade initiating items: alternative vs. classic
Classic: Combined Complexes. Alternative: Activators Alone, or IgA. · Complexes are made of Ab and Ag combined together. · Examples of activators: endotoxin, microbial surface.