Priyadarshani School

Indrayani Nagar, Pune

Academic Year 2023-2024

Project File Topic: Extraction of Essential

Oils Present in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain
(Carom), Illaichi (Cardamom)

Chemistry (043)

Name Aditya Ujwal Patil

Class 12th Science
Roll No.

Seat no.

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 Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. Aditya Ujwal Patil of class XII,

has successfully completed the project work for

Chemistry (043) Subject under the guidance of Mrs.

Vrushali Shewale during the academic year 2023-2024.

Sign of Internal Examiner Sign of External Examiner

Signature of Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
_____________________________________

While preparing Chemistry Project it was an enriching

experience. I got to learn many new things and gain lot
of knowledge on new aspects of the topic.

My thanks to Chemistry teacher Mrs. Vrushali Shewale

for giving me this opportunity to work upon this
Project. During this my teacher guided me by giving
her valuable inputs, constructive advice and constant
motivation which helped me in completing the Project
with good contents.

Also, I would like to thank my Parents for extending

their support for completion of project.

Finally, my sincere thanks to Principal Dr. Gayatri

Jadhav, Teachers & colleagues for encouraging me to
do my best.

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 INDEX
_____________________________________

Sr. No. Particulars Page No.

1 Objective
2 Introduction
3 Theory
4 Aniseed oil
5 Carom oil
6 Cardamom oil
7 Material required
8 Procedure
9 Observations
10 Result
11 Conclusion
12 Bibliography

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 OBJECTIVE
_____________________________________

Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Saunf

(Aniseed), Ajwain (Carom), Illaichi
(Cardamom).

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 INTRODUCTION
________________________________

An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic

liquid containing volatile (easily evaporated at
normal temperatures) chemical compounds
from plants.

Essential oils are also known volatile oils,

ethereal oils, aetheroleum, or simply as the oil
of the plant from which they were extracted,
such as oil of clove.

An essential oil is essential in the sense that it

contains the essence of the plant’s fragrance.

It takes a tremendous amount of plant

material to make essential oils, which
can make some of them expensive.

For example:
 About 250 pounds of lavender flower
make 1 pound of lavender essential oil.
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 About 5,000 pounds of rose petals or
lemon balm make 1 pound of rose or
lemon balm essential oil.

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 THEORY
____________________________________

In steam distillation, hot steam is forced

through the matrix of raw material, opening
the cavities in which the oil is held, and
volatilizing the oils.

This process is, in fact, pure steam distillation.

The oil separates from the water in the
distillate and is collected.

As the steam is under pressure, the

temperature can be carefully adjusted to
provide the maximum rate of extraction with
minimum thermal decomposition

Steam distillation is a process used for the

recovery of volatile compounds with high
boiling point, from inert and complex
matrices, solid or liquid, using saturated or
superheated steam as separation and energy
agent

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The process uses water and/or steam as
extracting agent to vaporize or liberate the
volatile compounds from the raw material.

The compounds are volatilized by absorbing

heat from the steam and are then transported
to the steam where they are diffused.

The resulting vapor phase is cooled and

condensed prior to separating the water from
the organic phase based on their immiscibility.

In this process, two products are obtained:

volatile oil and hydrosol.

The volatile oil is in the upper phase and the

hydrosol (water and some hydrolyzed
compounds) is in the bottom phase of the
decanter.

According to the type of contact between the

matrix and the water and/or steam, there are
three variants of the steam distillation process:

a) Dry Steam Distillation .

b) Hydro Distillation .
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 c) Water Distillation

The extraction of aniseed oil, carom oil,

and cardamom oil is also extracted by
steam distillation.

ANISEED OIL ( SAUNF )

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_____________________________________

 Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum

 Extraction: Steam Distillation
 Colour: Clear
 Aromatic Description: Distinctive
scent of licorice. Rich and sweet.
 Constituents: a-pinene, linalool, cis-
anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde, acetansiole.

Uses of Aniseed oiL :-

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• Aniseed Essential Oil works well to sooth joint
and muscle pain, and as such is often used in
the treatment of conditions such as arthritis
and rheumatism.

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 CARNOM OIL
________________________________

• Botanical Name: Trachyspermum Ammi

• Extraction: Steam Distillation
• Colour: it can be light or dark yellow depend
on gravity
• Aromatic Description: Warm, pungent,
peppery

USES OF CARNOM OIL :-

• Combats peptic ulcers and relieves
indigestion.
• Carom seeds are commonly used as a
household remedy for digestive issues in
Ayurvedic medicine.
• Some studies show that carom seed extract
may combat peptic ulcers, which are sores of
the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.

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 CARDAMOM OIL
(ILLAICHI)
_________________________________
• Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamomum
• Extraction: Steam Distillation
• Colour: Pale yellow
• Aromatic Description: worm spicy aromatic

USES OF CARDAMOM OIL :-

• It is used to treat piles, venereal disease,

kidney & bladder stones, skin rashes etc.

• The Cardamom oil is widely used for its

numerous offered therapeutic properties i.e.,
aphrodisiac, antioxidant, antifungal &
antibacterial, antiseptic, carminative,

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digestive, analgesic, anti-carcinogenic,
detoxifier, anti-depressant.

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 MATERIAL REQUIRED
_____________________________________

• Steam generator (Copper Vessel)

• Round bottom flask (500 ml),
• Conical flask
• Condenser
• Glass tubes
• Iron stand
• Sand bath
• Separatory funnel
• Tripod stand
• Burners
• Ajwain (Carum)
• Petroleum ether(60-80°C)
• Saunf (Aniseed)

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 PROCEDURE
_____________________________________

1. Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of

Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a
steam generator connected to the round bottom
flask through a glass inlet tube.

2. The flask is connected to a water condenser

through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is further
attached to a receiver through an adaptor.

3. Take about 750ml of water in the steam generator

and start heating to produce steam.

4. In the round bottom flask take about 75g of

crushed saunf(aniseed).

5. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator

is passed through the round bottom flask.

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6. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom
flask. As more and more steam is passed, the
steam volatile components of saunf pass through
condenser along with steam. These contents on
condensation are collected in the receiver.

7. The contents in the round bottom flask may be

heated by a Bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of steam.

8. The process of steam distillation is continued for

about half an hour.

9. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and

extract with 20ml portions of petroleum ether 3
times.

10. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250ml

conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous
sodium sulphate.Remove the solvent from the
dried filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath.
The essential oil is left behind in the distillation
flask.

11. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note

the colour, odour, and weight of the essential oil.
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Experimental set up

OBSERVATION

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 _____________________________________

1. Saunf (Aniseed):
• Weight of Saunf taken = 100g
• initial weight of the bottle = 10g( 11.25g(y)
• Weight of essential extracted = (y-x) = 1.25g
• Percentage of essential oil =(y/100) *100=1.25%
• Colour of the oil = Colourless
• Odour of the oil = saunf like smell

2.Ajwain (Carum):
• Weight of Saunf taken = 75g
• Initial Weight of the bottle = 10g(x)
• Weight of the bottle + essential oil = 11g(y)
• Weight of essential oil extracted = (y-x) = 1g
• Percentage of essential oil = (y/75) *100 = 1.33%
• Colour of the oil = colourless
• Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell

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3. Cardamom ( Elaichi ) :
• Weight of cardamom taken = 100 g
• Initial weight of bottle = 10 g ( x)
• Weight of the bottle + essential oil = 11.25 g (y)
• Weight of essential oil extracted = (y – x) = 1.25 g
• Percentage of essential oil =(y/100)*100 = 1.25 %
• Colour of the oil = colourless
• Odour of the oil = Ellichi like smell

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 RESULT
_____________________________________

Essential oils present in aniseed, carom and

cardamom are extracted from Steam
Distillation method.

CONCLUTION
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 Essential oil smells great, reduces
stress, fungal infection and help you to
sleep. They are concentrated extractions
from plants.

 A process called distillation turns the

‘essence’ of plant into liquefied form for
many medicinal and recreational uses.

 Essential oil has many uses outside

aromatherapy. Many people use them to
scent their home or freshen up the things.

 Essential oil mainly entered in body in

three ways : applied to skin , inhaled or
ingested.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.thechemistryguru.com
• www.pdfcoffee.com
• www.slideshare.net
• https://dearstudy.blogspot.com

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