BBS Guide

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Course of Content
1. Basic of BBS ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Introduction of BBS ..................................................................................................................................... 3
What is BBS? .................................................................................................................................................. 3
How To Read Construction Drawings & Symbols ............................................................................ 6
Steel Specification and Formulae ........................................................................................................... 8
Bend Deduction and Hook Length..................................................................................................... 11
Lapping Length and Development Length ..................................................................................... 14
Clear Cover for RCC member ............................................................................................................... 17
What is the Cutting Length? ................................................................................................................. 19
BBS format in Excel................................................................................................................................... 22
Chair Bar ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
2. Stirrups ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Circular Stirrups.......................................................................................................................................... 27
Rectangular .................................................................................................................................................... 29
3. Footing ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Single Mesh ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Pile Foundation .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Raft / Footing ( Double Mesh ) ............................................................................................................ 38
4. Column ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Column upto plinth level ....................................................................................................................... 44
Column Plinth to First floor Level ....................................................................................................... 48
Secondary Rectangular Stirrups........................................................................................................... 53
Triangular Stirrups ( Samosa Ring ) .................................................................................................... 56
Diamond Shape Stirrups......................................................................................................................... 58
5. Beam ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
Beam ( Top, Bottom Bar & Stirrups ).................................................................................................. 61
Beam ( Extra support & curtail Bar ) .................................................................................................. 64
Continuous Beam...................................................................................................................................... 67
Cantilever Beam ......................................................................................................................................... 70
Hidden Beam / Concealed Beam ........................................................................................................ 73
6. Slab .............................................................................................................................................................. 76
Page 1 of 47
CivilConstruct – Civil Engineers & Construction Professionals Training Institute ( Mob No.7977655244 )
www.civilconstruct.in
Basic details for steel calculation of slab.......................................................................................... 76

Cutting length of crank bar / Bent up bar ....................................................................................... 79
Single Mesh ................................................................................................................................................. 81
Double Mesh .............................................................................................................................................. 83
One Way Slab ............................................................................................................................................. 86
Two-way slab .............................................................................................................................................. 90
Cantilever Slab ........................................................................................................................................... 95
7. Chajja .......................................................................................................................................................... 98
8. Staircase ................................................................................................................................................... 101
9. Retaining Wall........................................................................................................................................ 116
10. Lintel.......................................................................................................................................................... 122
Page 2 of 47
Basic of BBS
Introduction of BBS
Objectives of this course
1. Understand the purpose and importance of a bar bending schedule (BBS).
2. Learn how to prepare a bar bending schedule (BBS) in excel sheet format.
3. Be able to use a bar bending schedule to estimate the quantity of steel required for a
project.
4. Calculate the quantity of Steel in kg or metric tonnes for purchase, reduce the
wastage on site, billing purposes, etc
Figure: BBS in MS Excel Sheet Format
What is BBS?
1. What is Bar Bending Schedule (BBS)?
1. A Bar Bending Schedule, commonly known as BBS, is a document that provides
detailed information about the shape, size, length, and quantity of reinforcement bars
required in a reinforced concrete structure. It acts as a bridge between the design
drawings prepared by structural engineers and the actual implementation at the
construction site.
2. A bar bending schedule (BBS) is a tabular breakdown of reinforcing bars that includes
details such as bar type, total length, weight, and a drawing of the desired bending
shape.
3. BBS is used in civil engineering to ensure that the correct quantity and type of
reinforcing bars are used in a structure. They are also used to estimate the cost of
reinforcing steel for a project.
Page 3 of 47
2. Importance of Bar Bending Schedule:

BBS serves as a vital communication tool between different stakeholders involved in the
construction process. Its significance lies in the following aspects:
✓ Material Ordering and Procurement: BBS helps contractors and suppliers accurately
estimate the amount of steel required, minimizing wastage and ensuring cost-
effectiveness.
✓ Efficient Construction: With a well-prepared BBS, construction workers can readily
identify and utilize the correct reinforcement, leading to a smoother construction
process with reduced errors and minimising wastage of steel on site
✓ Compliance with Design Specifications: BBS ensures that the reinforcement
arrangement adheres to the design drawings, maintaining structural integrity and
safety.
✓ Quality Control: BBS enables site engineers to monitor and verify that the correct
reinforcement is being used at each stage of construction, ensuring high-quality
workmanship.
3. Components of Bar Bending Schedule:

A standard BBS typically comprises the following components:
1. Bar Mark: A unique identifier assigned to each reinforcement bar, corresponding to

the notation on the structural drawings.
2. Bar Description: Includes the diameter, grade, and type of reinforcement bar (e.g.,
D10, D16, Fe415, etc.).
3. Length: The required length of each bar, is calculated based on the structural design.
4. Quantity: The number of bars required for each type and size of reinforcement.
5. Shape Code: If applicable, a code indicating the specific bending or shaping
requirements for the bar.
6. Bending Details: Elaborates on the bending angles, bend lengths, and hook lengths
for bars requiring shaping.
Figure: Cutting Length of Bar
Page 4 of 47
4. Process of Preparing Bar Bending Schedule:

Prepare a bar bending schedule (BBS) in excel sheet following basic steps;
1. Understanding Structural Drawings: Site engineers must thoroughly analyze the

design drawings to comprehend the structural requirements and reinforcement
layout.
2. Organizing Data: Use spreadsheet software like Excel to create a structured table to
input the bar details and other relevant information.
3. Data Entry: Enter the bar mark, description, length, and other data accurately in the
spreadsheet.
4. Calculation of Quantity: Utilize Excel formulas or manual counting techniques to
determine the quantity of each type of reinforcement.
5. Bending Details: For bars requiring bending or shaping, include the necessary
information in the BBS.
6. Review and Validation: Verify the accuracy of the BBS, cross-check it with the
structural drawings to identify any discrepancies or errors.
5. Benefits of an Accurate Bar Bending Schedule:

An accurately prepared BBS yields numerous benefits for site engineers and construction
projects:
1. Time Savings: With clear instructions in the BBS, construction teams can efficiently
prepare and assemble reinforcement, saving time during execution.
2. Cost Efficiency: Accurate quantity estimation ensures that only the required amount
of reinforcement is purchased, reducing unnecessary costs.
3. Improved Quality: BBS eliminates the chances of using incorrect reinforcement,
enhancing the overall quality and longevity of the structure.
4. Avoiding Rework: By adhering to the BBS, site engineers can minimize the need for
rework and costly modifications
5. Enhanced Safety: Properly detailed BBS contributes to a safer construction process
and a structurally sound final product.
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How To Read Construction Drawings & Symbols

✓ Reading RCC (Reinforced Concrete Cement) reinforcement drawings is crucial for
calculating the Bar Bending Schedule (BBS) accurately. The BBS provides details on
the type, size, quantity, and shape of reinforcement bars required for a construction
project.
✓ Here are the steps to read RCC reinforcement drawings and prepare a BBS:
Step 1: Obtain the reinforcement drawings
✓ Make sure you have the correct and updated set of reinforcement drawings for the
project.
Figure: Layout Drawing of RCC member
Step 2: Understand the drawing layout
✓ Familiarize yourself with the drawing's layout and orientation, including the scale
used.
Step 3: Identify structural elements
✓ Locate the beams, columns, slabs, and other structural members on the drawing.
Step 4: Recognize reinforcement symbols and annotations
✓ Understand the symbols and annotations used to represent different types of

reinforcement (e.g., main bars, distribution bars, stirrups).
Page 6 of 47
Figure: Reading Bar Notation
Step 5: Determine reinforcement quantities
✓ Identify the number of main bars, distribution bars, and stirrups required for each
structural element.
Step 6: Check reinforcement details
✓ Study the reinforcement details in the drawings to determine the bar diameter,
spacing, lap length, and other specifications.
Step 7: Note the dimensions
✓ Pay attention to the dimensions of each structural element, as they are essential for
accurate bar bending calculations.
Step 8: Calculate bar lengths
✓ Using the dimensions and reinforcement details, calculate the length of each bar
required for the project.
Step 9: Prepare the BBS
✓ Organize the reinforcement details in a tabular format, specifying the bar number,
diameter, length, quantity, shape, and any additional information.
Step 10: Group bars by diameter and length
✓ Group bars with the same diameter and length to optimize material usage and ease
of fabrication.
Step 11: Include bending instructions
✓ Add bending instructions for each type of bar, indicating the bending angles, shapes,
and locations for fabrication.
Step 12: Review and cross-check
✓ Double-check all calculations and details to ensure accuracy.
Page 7 of 47
Steel Specification and formulae

✓ Reinforcement steel bars, commonly known as rebars, are essential construction
materials used to provide tensile strength and structural integrity to reinforced
concrete structures.
✓ They are typically made of carbon steel and come in various shapes and sizes.
1. The most commonly used types of reinforcement steel bars in

construction are:
Mild Steel Bars (MS Bars):
✓ These are also known as plain carbon steel bars and are commonly used for general
construction purposes.
Figure: Plain Bar
High Strength Deformed Bars (HYSD Bars):
✓ HYSD bars have higher tensile strength than mild steel bars due to the presence of
deformation patterns (ribs or lugs) on their surface. They provide better bonding with
concrete.
TMT Bars (Thermo-Mechanically Treated Bars):
✓ TMT bars are a type of HYSD bars that undergo a thermo-mechanical treatment
process to improve their mechanical properties, including strength and ductility.
Welded Wire Fabric (WWF) or Mesh:
✓ WWF is a mesh of reinforcing steel wires, pre-welded together, used for reinforcing
slabs, walls, and other concrete elements.
Page 8 of 47
The choice of rebar type depends on the structural design requirements and the load-
bearing capacity needed for the specific construction project.
The size and grade of the rebar are specified in the structural drawings and are usually
denoted with a symbol. For example, "Fe 415" denotes HYSD bars with a yield strength of
415 N/mm².
Figure: Steel Bar Details
2. Formulae to Calculate the unit weight of Reinforcement Bar:
Figure: Steel Bar
Let us assume and calculate formulate to calculate unit weight of the bar
✓ Steel bar with diameter = “d” and Length of bar = “l”.
✓ Weight of Steel Bar (W) = Unit Weight of Steel Bar (γ) x Volume of steel bar (V)
✓ Volume of steel bar (V) = cross-sectional area of steel bar x Length = A x l
𝜋d²
✓ W=( )x(length of bar)x(density of steel Bar)
4
✓ Steel unit weight = 7850 kg/𝒎𝟑
𝜋d²
✓ W=( 4
) x ( 1 ) x ( 7 8 5 0 kg/𝒎𝟑 )
Page 9 of 47
Here, D is steel diameter in mm, and the density of steel is in kg/m3. To make constant
value in the same unit, we will convert Dia. of steel from mm to m, D² mm / 1000²
𝜋d²
W = ( 4𝑥1000𝑥1000 i n m x m ) x ( 7 8 5 0 i n k g / m 3 )
d²
W = ( 162.28 ) k g / m
d²
Weight of steel bar per meter = ( 𝟏𝟔𝟐) k g / m
kg/m
Where, d= diameter of bar in mm
3. Unit weight of Reinforcement Bar:
Table: Unit weight of Steel Bars
Diameter of Bar in mm Unit weight of bar in Kg/m
8mm 0.395
10mm 0.617
12mm 0.89
16mm 1.58
20mm 2.47
25mm 3.86
32mm 6.32
40mm 9.87
4. Why steel is used as a reinforcement bar?

✓ Coefficient of thermal expansion characteristics similar to concrete
✓ Good strength for the economic design of the RCC structure
✓ Good bonding with concrete
✓ Good resistance against corrosion for higher durability
✓ Good bendability for providing required shape
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Bend Deduction and Hook Length

✓ Bend deduction is the amount of length that is added to the cutting length of a steel
reinforcement bar to account for the elongation of the bar when it is bent.
✓ The amount of bend deduction depends on the diameter of the bar and the angle of
the bend.
Figure: Bend Deduction of Bar
Figure: Bend Deduction as per IS Code
Page 11 of 47
For BBS, the following bend deductions are used:
TABLE: BEND DEDUCTION VALUE
45° bend: 1 x d 90° bend: 2 x d
135° bend: 3 x d 180° bend: 4 x d
Where, d is the diameter of the bar in millimetres.
✓ For example, if a 12 mm bar is bent at a 90° angle, the bend deduction would be
12x2=24 mm. This means that the cutting length of the bar would need to be 24 mm
longer than the actual length of the bar to account for the elongation of the bar
when it is bent.
Bend Deduction Value as per Practical Observation:

✓ Dia of Bar 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm
Bend deduction value = ( 1 x dia of bar ) = 1 x d
✓ 20mm, 25mm, 28mm, 32mm, 36mm, 40mm
Bend deduction value i= (2 x dia of bar) = 2 x d
Where d= Diameter of Bar
Note: It has observed practically on site for bend deduction value 1.42 x dia, more for higher
diameter. This is practical values as per site practical approach
For practical consideration – 1 x dia or 2 x dia of bar we are considering
You can take values of bend deduction as per angle as mentioned above Table
Page 12 of 47
Hook Length:
✓ The hook is the extra length left at the rod joining the corner of a stirrup so that the
stirrup retains its shape.
Hook Length
Figure: Bend and hook length of stirrup
✓ Value of hook length = 10 x dia of bar

Example of hook length:
Hook length value for 12mm bar = 10x dia
= 10 x 12
= 120 mm
Example of Bend deduction:
Consider bend deduction value for a 12 mm diameter of the bar by both the formulae for
rectangular stirrups
As per angle
✓ Total no of bends = 5 nos (3 𝑛𝑜𝑠 − 900 & 2 𝑛𝑜𝑠− 1350 )

✓ 90 degree – 2 x dia and 135 degree – 3 x dia -
✓ Bend deduction value for 12mm bar = 3x(2x12) + 2x (3x12)
✓ Total Bend deduction in stirrups =72+72 = 144 mm
As per actual
✓ Total no of bends = 5 nos
✓ Bend deduction value for 12mm bar = 1 x dia
✓ Total Bend deduction in stirrups = 5 x (1 x 12) = 60mm
Page 13 of 47
Lapping Length and Development Length

Lapping Length:
✓ Lapping length is the length of overlap between two reinforcement bars that are
spliced together.
✓ It is necessary to provide lapping length to ensure that the load is transferred safely
from one bar to the other.
✓ The lapping length is typically determined by the grade of concrete, the diameter of
the bars, and the type of splice.
Figure: Lapping Length in Column
Anchorage Length/ Development Length (Ld):

✓ Anchorage length is the length of a reinforcement bar that is required to develop the
full bond between the bar and the concrete.
✓ It is necessary to provide anchorage length to ensure that the bar does not pull out
of the concrete under load.
✓ The anchorage length is typically determined by the grade of concrete, the diameter
of the bar, and the type of end anchorage
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Figure: Anchorage Length in Column
➢ The main difference between lapping length and anchorage length is that lapping
length is concerned with transferring load between bars, while anchorage length is
concerned with transferring load from a bar to concrete.
Table: LAP LENGTH FOR REINFORCEMENT BARS

Mix fy – 415 N/mm2 Fy – 500 N/mm2
M20 48 x d 57 x d
M25 40 x d 50 x d
M30 35 x d 46 x d
M35 35 x d 40 x d
M40 & Above 30 x d 36 x d
D = Diameter of Bar
Note : Practically on site compression and tension member same lapping and anchorage
length is considered
Page 15 of 47
Clear Cover for RCC member

✓ Clear cover is the distance between the outermost surface of the reinforcement bar
and the nearest surface of the concrete.
✓ It is important to provide clear cover to protect the reinforcement bars from
corrosion.
✓ The clear cover is typically specified in the project drawings or specifications
Figure: Clear Cover in RCC member
Table: Clear Cover Value to Main Reinforcement in RCC Member

Footing 75 mm
Grade Slab 35 mm
Lintel Beam 25 mm
Beam 40 mm
Column 40 mm
Slab 20 -25mm
Retaining Walls 40 mm / 50 or 75 mm (Earth Side)
Staircase 15mm
Page 16 of 47
Clear Cover
Page 17 of 47
What is Cutting Length?

✓ The cutting length of a bar in bar bending schedule calculation is the length of the bar
that needs to be cut to the required length.
✓ The cutting length will depend on the length of the bar, the clear cover, the lapping
length, the anchorage length, and any other factors that may affect the length of the
bar.
The cutting length is typically calculated using the following formula:
Cutting length = Length of bar + Lapping length + (Anchorage length x2) + Bend deduction
Where,
• Length of bar: The actual length of the bar, as specified in the project drawings or
specifications.
• Clear cover: The distance between the outermost surface of the reinforcement bar
and the nearest surface of the concrete.
• Lapping length: The length of overlap between two reinforcement bars that are
spliced together.
• Anchorage length: The length of a reinforcement bar that is required to develop the
full bond between the bar and the concrete.
• Bend deduction: The amount of length that is added to the cutting length of a bar
to account for the elongation of the bar when it is bent.
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Spacing:
✓ The Distance between two reinforcement bars in the structure like Slab, Beam,
Footing or Column is Known as Spacing.
FIG SPACING OF STIRRUPS
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Formula to calculate Number of Bars or Stirrups:
𝑶𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉
No. of bars =( 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒂𝒓
)+1
Steps involved in finding the cutting length of the bars:

✓ First study structural drawing completely mark the dia of bar, spacing, etc
✓ Find out the diameter of bar
✓ Now, deduct the clear cover or concrete cover to get actual length of perimeter bars
✓ Subtract bend deduction of Bars as per shape
✓ Then substitute all values in formula, It will gives you total cutting length of the bars
Example for calculate Cutting Length:

Depth= 1000
Figure: Footing main and distribution bar details
Cutting Length of Bar along Length 2000 mm = (Total length)-(2x clear cover)-( 2 x bend
deduction @ 900 ) + (𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ − 2 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟)
= 2000-(2x75)-(2x2x20)+2x(1000-75-75)
= 3470mm
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ −2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
No. of bars along length =( 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
)+1
1500 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( 100
)+1
=13.5+1
= 15 nos of bar
Page 20 of 47
BBS format in Excel

Creating a bar bending schedule (BBS) in an Excel sheet can be an effective way for civil
engineers to manage reinforcement details for a construction project.
Here are the steps you can follow to create a basic BBS in Excel:
1. Understand the Requirements: Gather all the necessary information about the project,
such as structural drawings, specifications, and the design requirements for
reinforcement.
2. Prepare Excel Sheet: Open Microsoft Excel and create a new worksheet. It's a good
idea to organize the sheet with headers and labels to maintain clarity.
3. Enter Project Information: Enter the project details, such as project name, location,
drawing number, and date, at the top of the Excel sheet. This information helps in
identifying and referencing the BBS later.
4. Create Columns for BBS: Set up columns for the different components of the BBS.
Common columns include:
5. Serial Number (S.No.): A sequential number to identify each row of the BBS.
6. Bar Mark/ID: A unique identifier for each type of rebar used in the project.
7. Diameter: The diameter of each rebar type.
8. Length: The length of each rebar required.
9. Quantity: The number of bars required for each type.
10. Shape and Bending Details: Details about bending shapes and angles if applicable.
11. Import Data or Enter Manually: Depending on the complexity and size of the project,
you can import the reinforcement details from other software or enter them manually
into the Excel sheet.
12. Summarize the Data: At the bottom of the BBS, you can include summary rows to
calculate the total quantity of each type of rebar required for the entire project.
13. Apply Formatting: Apply appropriate formatting to the BBS to make it clear and easy
to read. Use bold fonts for headers, adjust column widths, and consider adding color-
coding for better visualization.
14. Add Notes and Legends (if required): If there are any special instructions or notes
related to specific reinforcement details, include them in a separate section on the
sheet.
15. Review and Cross-Check: Double-check all the data entries and calculations to ensure
accuracy.
16. Save and Share: Save the Excel sheet with a meaningful filename and share it with
relevant stakeholders, such as the construction team, project manager, or other
engineers.
Page 21 of 47
17. Update as Necessary: As the project progresses and changes occur, update the BBS
accordingly to reflect the latest information.
Figure: Standard Excel Sheet Format
Page 22 of 47
Chair Bar
✓ A chair bar, also known as a chair reinforcement or chair rod, is a small structural
element that is used to place the reinforcement bars in the correct position and
maintain the correct space between the top and bottom reinforcements.
✓ Chair bars are used primarily on the slab and footing.
✓ The diameter of the chair bar should not be less than 12 mm.
Figure: Chair Bar Details
Example:
Figure: Footing Schedule for chair bar calculation
Cutting Length of Chair Bar =2x ( Chair Height ) + Head Length + 2x( Leg Length ) –
Bend Deduction
It can be seen from the above schedule of a double mesh Footing
✓ Depth of footing is 1000 mm

✓ Let us assume a clear cover of 75 mm at top and sides
✓ 16mm diameter of bar used for chair
Step 1: Cutting length of Chair Height
Page 23 of 47
Cutting length of Chair Height= (Height of Footing)-(2x clear cover)-( Bottom 1st layer dia of
Bar) – (Top 1st and 2nd layer diameter of bar)
= (1000) - (2x75) - (16) - (16mm) - (12mm)
= 806 mm
Step 2: Cutting length of Head Length
Cutting length of Head Length = (2 x spacing of Main Bar) +50+50
= (2 x 100) + 50 +50
= 300 mm
Step 3: Cutting length of Leg Length
Cutting length of Leg Length= (2 times spacing of bottom main bar) + 50mm 0r 150mm
= (2x100) +50
= 250 mm
Step 4: Bend Deduction ( 4 number of Bend in chair )
Bend Deduction value of 4 nos of bend= 4 bend x (1 x dia)
= 4x (1x16)
= 64
Step 5: Total Cutting Length of Chair Bar ( substitute all values in above formulae )
Cutting Length of Chair Bar = (2x806)+300+(2x250) –4(1x16)
= 2348 mm
Step 6: Total weight of chair bar
Total weight of chair bar = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of bar )
= 2.348 x 1.58
= 3.7 kg
Figure: BBS of chair bar in Excel ( www.civilconstruct.in )
Page 24 of 47
Stirrups
The cutting length of a stirrup bar is the length of the bar that is needed to make one stirrup.
The cutting length can be calculated using the following formula:
Cutting length of stirrups = (Perimeter of stirrup) + Hook length - Bend deduction

= 2x(a+b) + 10x dia – 5 x ( bend value )
Where,
Perimeter of stirrup = The length of the stirrup, excluding the hooks
Hook length = The length of the hooks, which is typically 9d or 75 mm
Bend deduction = The length of the bends, which is typically 1d or 8 mm for a 90° bend
Figure: BBS of Stirrups ( www.civilconstruct.in )
Page 25 of 47
Circular Stirrups
✓ Circular stirrups are a type of stirrup that is used in circular columns. They are made
of bent steel bars that are arranged in a circular pattern around the column.
✓ The purpose of stirrups is to provide lateral reinforcement to the column and to
prevent it from buckling under compression.
Figure: BBS of Circular Stirrups ( www.civilconstruct.in )
Cutting Length of Circular Stirrups =Circumference of Column + 2x(Hook length) – 2 x(bend

deduction)
(bend deduction)
After reading above circular column drawing the observations that can be drawn are:
✓ Diameter of Circular Column = 600 mm

✓ Cover = 40mm,
✓ Diameter of bar = 10 mm
Step 1: Diameter of Circular Ring (d)
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
Diameter of Circular Ring (d) = (Diameter of Column)-(2x clear cover)-2x( )
2
10
= 600-(2x40)-2x( 2 )
=510 mm
Step 2: Circumference of Ring
Circumference of Ring = ₶ x d
= 3.14 x 510
= 1601 mm
Step 3: Cutting length of the hook
Hook Length = 2 x (10 x Diameter of Bar)
= 2x10x10
=200mm
Page 26 of 47
Step 4: Bend Deduction (2 number of Bend in stirrups )

Bend Deduction = 2 x (1 x dia of bar)
= 2 x(1x10)
= 20 mm
Step 5: Total Cutting Length of Circular Stirrups (substitute all values in above formulae )
Cutting Length of Circular Stirrups = 1601+200-20
= 1781 mm
Step 6: Total weight of Circular Stirrups
Total weight of Circular stirrups = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of bar )
= 1.781 x 0.61
= 1.086 kg
Figure: Excel Sheet for circular Ties
Page 27 of 47
Rectangular
✓ Rectangular stirrups are a type of stirrup that is used in rectangular beams and
columns. They are made of bent steel bars that are arranged in a rectangular pattern
around the beam or column.
✓ The purpose of stirrups is to provide lateral reinforcement to the beam or column
and to prevent it from buckling under compression.
Figure: BBS of Rectangular Stirrups ( www.civilconstruct.in )
Cutting Length of Rectangular Stirrups =2x { (center to center distance of stirrups in

width”b”) + ( center to center distance of stirrups in depthepth “d”)} + 2 x (Hook length) - 5x
(bend deduction)
After reading above beam schedule drawing the observations that can be drawn are:
✓ Beam Size = 300 mm (B) x 600mm (D)

✓ Cover = 40mm
✓ Diameter of bar = 10 mm
Step 1: Centre to centre distance of stirrups along Width “B”
Centre to center distance of stirrups along “B” - b= (Width B)-(2x clear cover)-
2x( 2
)
10
=300-(2x40)-2x( 2 )
=210 mm
Step 2: Centre to centre distance of stirrups along Width “D”
Centre to centre distance of stirrups along “D” - d = (Depth D)-(2x clear cover)-
2x( 2
)
10
=600-(2x40)-2x( 2 )
=510 mm
Step 3: Bend Deduction (5 number of Bend in stirrups )
Page 28 of 47
Value of 1 bend – 1 x dia of bar

0r
90 degree – 3 nos ( 2 x dia), 135 degree – 2 nos ( 3 x dia )
Bend Deduction = 5 x (1 x dia of bar)
= 5 x(1x10)
= 50 mm
Step 4: Total Cutting Length of Rectangular Stirrups (substitute all values in above formulae )
Cutting Length of Stirrups = 2x(210+510)+2x(10x10)-5x(1x10)
= 1590 mm
Step 5: Total weight of rectangular stirrups
Total weight of rectangular stirrups = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of bar )
= 1.590 x 0.61
= 0.981 kg
Figure: Excel sheet for 2 legged Rectangular Stirrups
Page 29 of 47
Footing
Single Mesh
A single mesh footing is a type of footing that is reinforced with a single layer of steel mesh.
Figure: Practical Single mesh of footing
Figure: Single Mesh Footing
Page 30 of 47
It can be seen from the above picture of a single mesh Footing

✓ Length = 2000 mm & width = 1500 mm
✓ 16 mm diameter of bar used at 150 mm spacing in shorter ( width ) direction
✓ 20 mm diameter of bar used at 100 mm spacing in longer ( length ) direction
Steel Calculation steps for length direction bar ( 2000 mm )

Step 1: Cutting length of bar along length:
Total cutting length along length = (total length)-(2 x clear cover)-( 2 x bend deduction) +
(Bend length)
= 2000-(2x75)-(2x2x20)+2x(1000-75-75)
= 3470 mm
Step 2: No. of bars along length:

)+1
1500 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( )+1
100
=13.5+1
= 15 number of bars
Step 3: Total Cutting length of bar along length:
Total Cutting length of bar along length = length of bar along length x number of bars along
length
3470 𝑥 15
Total Cutting length of bar along length =( )
1000
= 52.05 m
Step 4: Total weight of bar along length direction

Total weight of bar along length direction = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of
bar )
= 52.05 x 2.47
=128.56 kg
Steel Calculation steps for width direction bar ( 1500 mm )

Step 5: Cutting length of bar along width:
Cutting Length of Bar along Width = (total Width)-(2 x clear cover)-( 2 x bend deduction) +
(Bend length)
= 1500-(2x75)-(2x1x16)+2x(1000-75-75)
Page 31 of 47
= 3018 mm
Step 6: No. of bars along width:

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ −2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
No. of bars along width =( 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟
)+1
2000 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( 150
)+1
=12.33+1
= 13 number of bars
Step 7: Total Cutting length of bar along width:
Total Cutting length of bar along width = length of bar along width x number of bars along
width
3018 𝑥 13
Total Cutting length of bar along width =( 1000
)
= 39.23 m
Step 8: Total weight of bar along width direction

Total weight of bar along width direction = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of bar
)
= 39.23 x 1.58
=61.98 kg
Step 9: Total weight of single mesh footing
Total weight of single mesh footing = (steel along length) + ( Steel along width )
= 128.56+61.98
= 190.54 kg
Figure: Single mesh BBS in Excel
Page 32 of 47
Pile Foundation
✓ A pile foundation is a type of foundation that transfers the load of a structure to the
ground through a series of vertical elements called piles.
✓ Piles are typically made of concrete or steel, and they can be driven, bored, or cast in
place.
Figure: Typical Section of Pile
Page 33 of 47
Figure: Pile Cage Reinforcement Details
It can be seen from the above details considered for calculating bbs of a pile cage
✓ Diameter of Pile = 1000 mm

✓ Cover – 75 mm, Development Length ( Ld) – 46 x dia of Bar
✓ Main Bar – 20 mm dia – 18 nos
✓ Master Ring – 16 mm dia @ 1500 mm c/c
✓ Helical Link – 8mm @ 150 mm c/c
✓ Existing Ground Level (EGL) = 100.2 m
✓ Depth of Pile CAP = 2200 mm
✓ Cutoff Level = 96.7m
✓ Depth is 17.2 m from EGL
Step 1 : Calculate different parameters which is require for calculation
✓ Bore Depth = EGL- Measured Depth = 100.2-17.2 = 83 m ( Pile Toe )

✓ Penetration Criteria : < 1.8.m in 10 minutes of drilling
✓ Steel Cage Top = Cutoff Level + Ld ( 46xdia of Bar) = 96.7+(46x20) = 96.7+0.92
=97.62 m
✓ Concrete Top = Cutoff Level + 1.5 m = 96.7+1.5 = 98.2 m
✓ Concrete Length = Pile Toe – Concrete Top = 83-98.2 = 15.2 m
✓ Steel Cage Length = Cage top – pile toe = 97.62 – 83 = 14.62 m
Step 2: Steel Calculation for main bar ( 20mm dia )

Cutting length of main bar = Cage Length ( Cage Top – Pile Toe)
= 97.62 – 83
= 14.62 m
Page 34 of 47
Total weight of main bar = (Total cutting length of main bar) (Total number of Bar) x ( Unit
weight of bar )
=14.62 x 18 x 2.46
= 647.37 kg
Step 3. Steel Calculation for master ring (16mm dia @1500mm c/c )
Cutting Length of Master Ring= Circumference + (Hook or Lapping length)
= ( ₶ x dia )+ (10 xdia )x 2
= 3.14 x(1000-75-75 )+2x (10x 16)
= 2669+160+160
= 2989 mm
𝐶𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ−𝐿𝑑
No of Master ring = ( 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
)+ 1
14.62−0.92
=( 1.5
)+1 = 9.13 + 1 = 10 𝑁𝑜𝑠
Total weight of master ring = (Total cutting length of master ring) (number of ring) x ( Unit
weight of bar )
=2.989 x 10 x 1.58
= 47.22 kg
Step 4: Steel calculation for Helical / Spiral Link
Length of Spiral / Helical Bar = n x √𝐶 2 + 𝑃2
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
No of Turns (n) = 𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
14.62−0.92
= 0.15
= 91.3 𝑁𝑜𝑠
Circumference of Spiral (C ) = ₶ x diameter
= 3.14 x (1000-75-75)
= 2669 mm
Pitch or Centre ( P) = 150mm ……. given
Length of Spiral / Helical Bar = n x √𝐶 2 + 𝑃2
= 91.3 x √2.6692 + 0.152
= 244.06 m
244.06
No of Bars= 12
= 20.33 Nos
No of laps = no of bars – 1
= 20.33-1= 19.33
= 20 laps
Page 35 of 47
Total Cutting Length of spiral ring = length of spiral bar + laps x (development length – 50x
d)
= 244.06 + 20 x (46x 8 )
= 251.42 m
Total weight of spiral link = Total Cutting Length of spiral ring) x ( Unit weight of bar )
=251.42x0.39
= 98.05 Kg
Step 5: Total Weight of Pile :
Total Weight of Pile = weight of main bar + weight of main ring + weight of spiral ring
= 647.37 + 47.22 +98.05
= 792.64 mm
Page 36 of 47
Raft / Footing ( Double Mesh )
Figure: Practical Double mesh
Figure: Bottom Mesh Figure: Top Mesh
Page 37 of 47
Figure: Double mesh section
It can be seen from the above picture of a double mesh footing

✓ Length = 2200 mm & width = 1400 mm
✓ 16 mm diameter of bar used at 140 mm spacing in shorter ( width ) X - direction
(Bottom)
✓ 16 mm diameter of bar used at 140 mm spacing in longer ( length ) Y-
direction(Bottom)
✓ 10 mm diameter of bar used at 200 mm spacing in shorter ( width ) X- direction
(Top)
✓ 10 mm diameter of bar used at 100 mm spacing in longer ( length ) Y- direction(Top)
Bottom Mesh:
(Bend length)
= 2200-(2x75)-2x(1x16)+2x(1200-75-75)
Page 38 of 47
= 4118 mm

)+1
1400 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( 140
)+1
=8.92+1
= 10 number of bars
length
4118𝑥 10
Total Cutting length of bar along length =( 1000
)
= 41.18 m

bar )
= 41.18 x 1.58
=65.07 kg
(Bend length)
= 1400-(2x75)-2x(1x16)+2x(1200-75-75)
= 3318 mm

)+1
2200 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( 140
)+1
=14.64+1
= 16 number of bars
Page 39 of 47
width
3318 𝑥 16
)
= 53.088 m

Total weight of bar along width direction = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of
bar)
= 53.088 x 1.58
=83.8 kg
Step 9: Total weight of Bottom mesh footing

Total weight of bottom mesh footing = (steel along length) + ( Steel along width )
= 65.07+83.8
= 148.87 kg
Top Mesh:
(Bend length)
= 2200-(2x75)-2x(1x10)+2x(1200-75-75)
= 4130 mm

)+1
1400 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( )+1
200
=6.25+1
= 7 number of bars
length
4130𝑥 7
Total Cutting length of bar along length =( 1000
)
= 28.91 m
Page 40 of 47

bar )
= 28.91 x 0.61
=17.85 kg
(Bend length)
= 1400-(2x75)-2x(1x10)+2x(1200-75-75)
= 3333 mm

)+1
2200 −(2 𝑥 75)

=( )+1
200
=10.25+1
= 11 number of bars
width
3333 𝑥 11
)
= 36.63 m

Total weight of bar along width direction = (Total cutting length of bar) x ( Unit weight of bar
)
= 36.63 x 0.61
= 22.61 kg
Step 9: Total weight of top mesh footing

Total weight of top mesh footing = (steel along length) + ( Steel along width )
= 17.85+22.61
Page 41 of 47
= 40.46 kg
Figure: Excel file for Double mesh
Page 42 of 47
Lintel
✓ A lintel beam is a horizontal structural element that spans openings such as portals,
doors, windows and fireplaces.
✓ It is used to support the load from the structure above the opening.
✓ Lintel beams are typically made from wood, steel, or concrete.
Figure: Lintel details
Figure: typical section of lintel beam
Page 43 of 47
In order to determine Bar Bending Schedule of Lintel Beam, we have consider the practical
example to calculate total weight of Lintel Beam
✓ Clear Door Opening= 1500 mm,

✓ Clear Cover = 30 mm
✓ Depth of Lintel = 200 mm
Step -1 : Cutting Length of Bottom Bar
Cutting Length of Bottom Bar =Length of Door Opening + Left Anchorage+Right Anchor age
Cutting Length of Bottom Bar =1500+200+200
=1900
Total Weight of Bottom Bar = ( Total Cutting Length )x( Number of Bar ) x ( Weight of bar per
meter)
Total Weight of Bottom Bar = 1.9 x 2 x(0.89 )
= 3 kg
Step -2: Cutting Length of Top Bar
Cutting Length of Top Bar =Length of Door Opening + Left Anchorage+Right Anchorage
Cutting Length of Top Bar =1500+200+200
=1900
Total Weight of Top Bar = ( Total Cutting Length )x( Number of Bar ) x ( Weight of bar per
meter)
Total Weight of Top Bar = 1.9 x 2 x( 0.89 )
= 3 kg
Step -3 Cutting Length of Stirrups ( 8mm @ 200 mm c/c )
Cutting Length of Stirrups =2x ( centre to centre distance of stirrups in width(b) and
depth(d)) + 2x(Hook length) - 5x(bend deduction)
𝐷𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟
Along width 150 mm (b) = 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙 (𝐵) − 2𝑥 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 2𝑥 ( )
2
8
Along width 150 mm (b) = 150 − (2𝑥 30) − 2𝑥 ( )
2
= 82 mm
8
Along depth 200 mm (d) = 200 − (2𝑥 30) − 2𝑥 (2)
𝐷𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑟
Along depth 200 mm (d) = 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙 (𝐷) − 2𝑥 𝐶𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 2𝑥 ( 2
)
Page 44 of 47
= 132 mm
Cutting Length of Stirrups=2*(82+132)+2*(10*8)-5*(1*8)
= 548 mm
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ −2𝑥50
Number of Stirrups= ( )+ 1
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
1500 −2𝑥50
Number of Bar= ( 200
)+1
No. of bar along = 8 Nos
Total Weight of Stirrups = (Total Cutting Length )x( Number of Bar ) x ( Weight of bar per
meter)
Total Weight of stirrups= 0.548 x 8 x( 0.39 ) = 2 kg
Step -4 Total Weight of Lintel Beam
Total Weight of Lintel = 3+3+2 = 8.49 kg
Figure: Excel Sheet of Lintel Beam
Page 45 of 47
Standard codes used for Bar Bending Schedule (BBS)

✓ IS 456-2000 Plain and Reinforce concrete
✓ IS 2502-1963 Code of practice for bending & fixing
✓ IS 5525-1969 Detailing of reinforcement in RCC work
✓ SP 34-1987 Concrete reinforcement detailing
✓ British Standard BS 8666 Specification for scheduling,
dimensioning, bending and cutting of steel reinforcement
for concrete
Full BBS Playlist Link

Civil Construct YouTube Channel
Get Drive Link (+91-7977655244 )
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dedicated Videos 35+
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Basic details for steel calculation of slab.......................................................................................... 76

Figure: BBS in MS Excel Sheet Format

2. Importance of Bar Bending Schedule:

3. Components of Bar Bending Schedule:

1. Bar Mark: A unique identifier assigned to each reinforcement bar, corresponding to

Figure: Cutting Length of Bar

4. Process of Preparing Bar Bending Schedule:

1. Understanding Structural Drawings: Site engineers must thoroughly analyze the

5. Benefits of an Accurate Bar Bending Schedule:

How To Read Construction Drawings & Symbols

Step 1: Obtain the reinforcement drawings

Figure: Layout Drawing of RCC member

Step 2: Understand the drawing layout

Step 3: Identify structural elements

Step 4: Recognize reinforcement symbols and annotations

✓ Understand the symbols and annotations used to represent different types of

Figure: Reading Bar Notation

Step 5: Determine reinforcement quantities

Step 6: Check reinforcement details

Step 7: Note the dimensions

Step 8: Calculate bar lengths

Step 9: Prepare the BBS

Step 10: Group bars by diameter and length

Step 11: Include bending instructions

Step 12: Review and cross-check

✓ Double-check all calculations and details to ensure accuracy.

Steel Specification and formulae

1. The most commonly used types of reinforcement steel bars in

Figure: Plain Bar

High Strength Deformed Bars (HYSD Bars):

TMT Bars (Thermo-Mechanically Treated Bars):

Welded Wire Fabric (WWF) or Mesh:

Figure: Steel Bar Details

2. Formulae to Calculate the unit weight of Reinforcement Bar:

Figure: Steel Bar

✓ Volume of steel bar (V) = cross-sectional area of steel bar x Length = A x l

✓ Steel unit weight = 7850 kg/𝒎𝟑

Where, d= diameter of bar in mm

3. Unit weight of Reinforcement Bar:

Table: Unit weight of Steel Bars

Diameter of Bar in mm Unit weight of bar in Kg/m

4. Why steel is used as a reinforcement bar?

Bend Deduction and Hook Length

Figure: Bend Deduction of Bar

Figure: Bend Deduction as per IS Code

For BBS, the following bend deductions are used:

TABLE: BEND DEDUCTION VALUE

45° bend: 1 x d 90° bend: 2 x d

135° bend: 3 x d 180° bend: 4 x d

Where, d is the diameter of the bar in millimetres.

Bend Deduction Value as per Practical Observation:

Where d= Diameter of Bar

For practical consideration – 1 x dia or 2 x dia of bar we are considering

Figure: Bend and hook length of stirrup

✓ Value of hook length = 10 x dia of bar

Example of Bend deduction:

✓ Total no of bends = 5 nos (3 𝑛𝑜𝑠 − 900 & 2 𝑛𝑜𝑠− 1350 )

Lapping Length and Development Length

Figure: Lapping Length in Column

Anchorage Length/ Development Length (Ld):

Figure: Anchorage Length in Column

Table: LAP LENGTH FOR REINFORCEMENT BARS