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    18 views280 pages

    Физика Земли

    Uploaded by

    Sergiu Alexandrescu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Manucreperso o6pasosanns 1 Haykn PoccniicKoi Dexepaunn exepansioe rocyaaperscinoe SiowxeTHOE ObpasonaremBHoe yapeRteHMe BRICMIero Mpo*beccHOnateHOrO OGpasonanHs Hausonaasustii sumepaasno-cuipsesoii yausepcurer «op A.C. ETOPOB @V3UKA 3EMJIN Yueouuk CAHKT-IIETEPBYPT 2015 ISBN 978-5-94211-717-7 YAK 55 (075.8) BBK 26.21 F302 Eropos A.C, E302 Dusixa 3enom: YeeGum/ A.C.Eropos; Hamwtonatsubtit xamepatsio-cempsenoit yunpepcutet « CONepKHT KPaTKoe 13.10- 2KCHMe TCOPeTHICCKHX MpeCTABACHHi TeKTOHMKH MTOCHepHBIX TETHT. 3;lec TIpH- BOMTCH XapaKTepHCTHKH COCTaBAa H CTPOeHMA TTaBHBIX OOOTONeK 3eMimH, Tapamer- POB KOHTHHCHTAMBHOH H OKeaHM4ecKOM THTOCeEpBI, OCHOBHBIX THOR CTpyKTypP AMTOchepsl, chopMupoBaHHEIX BO BHYTPMILIMTHLIX, JMBeprenTHEIX, KOUBepreHT- HBIX H TPaHCOpMHBIX reonMHaMMdecKHX OScTaHOBKaX. B JaHHOM pa3yere dopmy- SIMpOBKa TepMHHOB M OMMcaHMe CTpyKTYpHO-BEMLECTBEHHEIX OcoGeHHOCTEH reomH- HaMMYeCKHX OOCTAHOBOK BBITIOTHEHEI ¢ HCTIOMB30BaHHEM cTaTeit «I eomorM4eckoro caopaps» [2], nanmcanmsix E.M. Bator, B.1O. Bypmunsm, 10.C. Tenmadrom, JL. Woranconom, A.JI. Kaunmepom, A.B. Kosenko, M.JI. Konmom, M.T. JIeonossim, ML. Jlomuse, A.O. Masaposmuem, AT. Padyxumpim, C.J], Cokorosn, B.E. Xamuni, A.A. WapactKmmsm. ‘Sra uHopMarwA TOMOMHAeTCA H3NIOAKEHMEM OCHOB OTeYeCTBEHHOH «LIpo- TpaMMbI H3Y4eHHA PIYOMHHOTO CTpoeHHA 3eMHOii KOpbI H BepXHeii MaHTHH BION OmopHbIx reopusH4eckHx Mpopuareit (reorpapepcos)» (E.A. Kosnoscxuii, 1984). Tem, sagaun uccieqosanuit, ux caxronormueckas Ga3a, MeToauKa Manan HH- QopmatHBHoctn ceficMopasBeno4nEIx pador 'C3-MOB3" 1 ray6uHHoro MOB B M3Y4eHH CTpoeHHA HM cocTaBa smTocHeps1 CesepHoii Espaznu, Apkrw4eckoro 1 Jlambnesoctouoro mesma BEIMOMHEHBI c HeTOTb30BaNHeM TyGAMKaNMit H oH- HOBEIX MaTepnastos PCY «BCETEM», PFT! «leurp TEOH», OAO «Cesmop- reo», OFY HIM OOO «Crenreodusnka». OcoGoe Bunmanne B paGoTe yieeHo XapakTepHCTHKe pesysIbTaTOB Hay4HOTO ruy6oxoro 4 cBepxrzy6oKoro Gypenua Ha TeppuTopuu PoccuiicKolt Dexepanun (10 anmom OAO «HIT «Hexpa») # ananornansix necnexoBannit, BEITTomHeH- HBIX 3a py6ekom, K 4HeTy MOCKeHHX OTHeCeHBI Hay4Has MporpaMMa Mex/IyHa- POAHOrO Hay4Horo KORTHHEHTaTbHOrO GypeHHa «International Continental Scientific Drilling Program» (ICDP) u mpoexrs: CIA no mposesenuro HayaHoro * Tipusurrste coxpanyenus yxasansi 8 upHIOxeHUH. Gypenma B oKeanax «Deep Sea Drilling Project» (DSDP). Toxasano pasButue T10- CHeMMHX B PaMKAX TloMcKOBO-pasBeLOMMBIX paGoT a yraeBoAOposB Ha KOHTH- HeHTaTBHOM membpe. Pasyembi, nocpamenubie @usH4ecKUM TonsaM 3eMaH, comepaaT KpATKOe 13- JO‘eHMe TeOpeTHHECKHX OCHOB Hayk, W3Y4AIOMMX TOMA CHAK THKECTH, OTeKTPO- MaTHHTHOe, MarHMTHOe, S1eKTPHeCKOe H TeMMOBOe TIO 3eMTM, ce ecTecTBEH- Hyl0 pajlMoakTHBHocTs, celicMosiorMio Mi celiemusHocts. TloKa3aHst mpHMepéi MpakTHMecKOTO MPHIOKeHMA STHX AUCLMIUINH B HAyYHBIX H MIpHKANEBIX WenAX. Tip HanvcaHnn pa3ue108 Hctlomb30BaHBI BbULepAKH CTaTe Feoror4eckoro cs10- paps» [2], Hamucanmnrx [.A. AMocopsim, ©.@. Anruxacenim, C.C. Apedessi, HK. Bysmuuim, A.A. Pposgessim, A.O. Danko, C.B. Poabannbim, B.M. Pop- aun, WLI. Jo6posomscxum, A.J. 3apbatosiim, H.A. Kapaesuim, B.H. Hako- saescxum, Y.H.Monceenko, O.H. Hapdeniox, TA. PaSunosniem, E.A. Poro- an, JLB, Capnnoii, PA. Coosessim, O.E. Craposoiitom, M.H. Crosmepom, K.B. Turosim, C.A. Tuxouxum, B.H. Ytomopsim, M.H. Yarepmatom, H.M. Xaii- xopmem, A.H. XpamopsiM, B.C. [upene, C.JI. Lammorsm, B.A. Iamupo. apepularoumMit pasvlen CoLep»KUT XapakTepHCTHKY COBpeMeHHOTO HCTIOMB30- BaHMA TpaIMIMOHHBIX H HeTpaMNMOHHBIX OHEPreTHAeCKHX HCTOTHHKOR 3eMaTH TepciiekTHBA HX HerIoMB30RaHHA B GmnKalimMme jecaTHNeTHA, IneprerHecKe HCTOWHHKH CHCTeMaTH3MpOBaHbI B COOTRETCTBAM co cxeMoit H.B. JIapepora, mpen- ctapnennoii B 2011 r. B sexi « TonmpHo-sHeprerieckne pecypesI: cocTos- HHe, WMHaMuKa ocBoeHHa, oGecnedeHHocThy» BPXTY um, JIM. Menpereera. Onncatembitaa 4acTs BEIMTOMHeHa c HeTIOAB3ORAHHEM TyGaMKanHit Combmtoro aHc- sia apropor (10.0. Maxaron, 2003; M.T. Makcumon 11.0. Oxxaron, 1989 1 np.) caitop Haysnoii Hanpasnentocta: Popias ommukionequa (www.mining-enc.ru), Ousu4eckas snumxtomegus (hitp://dic.academic.rwdic.nsf/enc_physics), omeK- ‘Tpounsti pecype 10 reonornn (http://geo.web.ru), Pyeckoe reorpadiieckoe 06- mectao (http://www.rgo.ru), MCTOPHA PASBUTHA HAYYHBIX TIPECTABJIEHH O CTPOEHHH HM 3BOJIOIMH 3EMJIKN Cuctema coppeMeHHBIX HaySHbIX SHaHHii © MpoHcxoxTeHMH, SBOMOUHH, ocoSerHoctax crpoenua H @usHecKHX Honsix Beexentioii, Commesnoit cHcTeMst 1 TuraHerbI 3eMI MMeeT KOPHH B FIYGOKOI ApeBHOCTH, KOTIa TEITTHBEIE YMBI 4e- JIOReMeCTRA Haat 3alyMBIRATKCA O TIPHAMHAX HM MCTOUHUKAX HaGmOsAeMBIX MpHpoaHBx spreHHi, TbicseneTHA MHTeNLIeKTyaTbHOrO Tpysa BBILAIOUIAXCS MBICIMTeTeiH H306peTaTeNcit MO3BOTHIIH COpMMPOBATh OCHOREI Hay4HOlt KOH- TemMHH Halero MuposfanMa. 3HaveHHe STOO HaysHoro MOBMKHWMGECTBA TIOA- YepkMBaerca CHOBAMH BeTHKOrO (u3Hka Mcaaka Hprorora: «A TOmBKO TOTOMy cTOWO BBICOKO, {To cTasI Ha THEM FHTAHTOBY. Paspurue weit HeGecHoit MexanuKu & [pesHem upe. B JIpesnem Ecunme eme B VI-IV Tec. 20 1.9. 6siTH M30GpereHEI TepBEIe ACTpOHOMMMEcKHe MHCTpy- MeHTBI M KameHsapH, DKpertst yMesn paccaHTsiRaTs Bpemsa pasmHBa Hysta H con- 6 neanpre 3aTMenua. Ilo Hx mpemctastenusm, Boerentaa uMera BHA GombmOi 0- aIMn1, BEITAHYTOH C ceBepa Ma Tor, ¢ NeMTpoM B Ermmre. He6o mpeacrapaaztoce. kak Gosbulas KpBIlua, MoepKMBAeMad Ha CTOAIGAX, Ha KOTOPOH KaK CRETHITBHHKH 6binm noaBenrentst 3Be371 Hlymepam Bo II Tete. 10 1.9. 6sITH H3BeCTHEI MHOTHE 3aKONEI ABHDKeHHA TTA ner, JIynst m Comma. Onn nomsopammcs commeamiMm Kastenzapem, MMeBIIHM mpojlomxnrenbHoct 365 1/4 nH. B Tpesuem Basurone Bo 1 — navane I reic. 40 1.9. 2peubi NOAb3OBATHCE ac~ TPOHOMMECKHMH TAGTHUAMM ILIA PACHeTa ABWCHHA ILIAHET, BbITHTE OCHOB- Hie COSBESIMA H 30NMAK, BROTH eTeHHe TomHOTo yraa Ha 360°, 3aTOxKHITH OCHO- BbI TPHTOHOMerpuH, OHH MOruIH IIpeckasbiBaTb 3aTMeHHa. 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B Apeaneit Tpeyuu yxe ® navane I Tec. fo 1.9. o6patua BHMManne Ha OTIMGHA MexLY TLaHeTaMH H 3Be31aMH: TuIAHETEI GEICTPO MepeMeMtaroTes oT- HOCHTeNBHO 3Be3/INbIX CKOTLIEHHIi 110 CHOXKIBIM TpaeKTOPHAM, a 3Be3/1b1 3anHMAIOoT yeroiiuupoe nlowoxenHe pyr oTHOCHTeNbHO apyra. CaM TepMHT «auIanera» mpo- HOMIE OT rpetecKOTO ciOBA «Mhavygy, KOTOPoe O3IaTacT KCTPANHMK, «cKHTA- sei. Yaeusie JIpestieli Ipeuun elite He Mem HOCTaTOUHBIX dpakTH4eCKHX LaHHBIX JUIA SaKIOYeHHA 0 TOM, TO Hallla Bema TOKE WraneTa. HanGouee Mony:ApHO KOCMONOTHUeCKOH THNoTesOi Y TpeKOB GouIa reoueHTpHYeCKaK cHCTeMa Mupa: Beestentiaa npexcrapastac B BHC KONMEHTPHYECKHX, BAO-KEHHBIX pyr B Apyra MpospasHBix cep, K KOTOPbIM IpHkperLieHsI TulaHerbI. B wenTpe BeerteHolt 110- Melkulach 3eMilt; BOKpYr Hee Bpaulasiuch ccpepsi JIyHbi, Mepkypus, Bexepsl, Coanua, Mapea, 1Onurepa u Carypua. Janie Bcex Haxomuuace cepa HeTIon- BIPAHBIX 3831. Btatouyiiies utoco) Apucmomens (384-322 no 4.9.) NpeANOsIOKH cyute- CTBOBaHHe YeTEIPEX «CTHXHIi»: 3eMJIM, BOJIbI, BO3LYXA H OTHA, M3 CMeIICHHA KOTO- PBIX MPOH3OULIM Bce Tea, Berpesaoumecs Ha 3emue. 3 nxToH MaTepHH, HasBaH- Hoii 9dpOM, COCTosT Bee HeGecHBIe Testa. ComHILe MpesIcTABAAUTOCe KaK OrpoMHoe ckormenme ofpupa. Cieyer OTMeTHTE, STO K OTOMY BPeMeHH yae OnuTa chopMysn- PoBaHA TenMOMeHTpHecKad cHcTeMa Mupa (B MleHTp BeeneHHoii ToMemamoce Comme), Ho ofa He Nlony4Hu1a HoueprKKH GoNbLUMHCTBA YeHIX H ObUTa 3a6bITa Besuxuii acrpoom, Marematuk u reorpad Hmoremeii (100-168 4.9.) B paM- kax TeoTenTpHdeckoi Monem Beerenoit paspaSoram TepByto MaTeMaTH4eckyro TeOpHio TRIPKEHH Taner, B TpHHANATHTOMHOM «AJIbMarecTe> OH cHeTeMaTH- 7 3uponaz Bce 3Hanua J\pesnero Mupa B oGsacTH actponomHH. B TOM KaaccH4e- CKOM TPyse COMEpAHTeA MaTeMaTHMecKOE OMMcaTHMe ABHKeHHA JtyHst, Mepkypus, Beueps1, Comma, Mapea, 1Onurepa u CarypHa, a Take se3ztHoro HeGa. K oTomy BpemenH Gbin0 uspectHo 1022 sBesns1 (no 4-ii BemMumnt), BXOMSNX B 12 s0qmakambunix cospesnit. 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Co BpeMeHeM actpoHOMM HavaH —OOHapyaHBart AHAMHMEIE PACKOACHUS MEKAY HCTHHHBIM H pac= METHBIM HOLOAKCHHEM IWIAHET Ha HeGecHOlt cipepe, Tak, « Hasany XITB, Mape oasasies 1a na rpayea Hunouait Koneprinc B cTopoue or MecTa pacuera no raGnmtaM Tinome- (1473-1543) Mes, B oTHX ycHOBHAX HrocmeoBaTes YO CHETe- MbI BBINYARLEHE ONIN BROT HOBBIC TAUB, HeCKONDKO HSMCHATH IX PAAMYCH, EMEMIATS LLeATPHI Aed>epeHToR Ho OTKOMIeHHIO K wenrpy Ze, B KOHesHOM cueTe 97a MeTONIHKA crasla HacTOsbKO Heperpy= 2eITHOH, TO BOSMIKIA ONEBILHAA HEOGXOAUMOCTS paspaborkn asmbrepuaTHBHO!t cuetest. 3aHloHO OrKpHUT H OGocHOBALt resmOUEHTPHYECKyIO KoHMEMIUAIO ConHesHO! cHe~ nemnenit nomcxuit yaertli Hisconati Konepuur. Huxonait Konepank nonysin o6pasouarne » Kpaxouckom yibepewrere (1491-1495) w mpoxomen ero » WrasmbAHCKHX yHuBepenTerex bosronbH, Masyn, eppapor, WayHaK ACTPOHOMEIO, MEHIHAY H Npavo, TMocie BosBpantenia Ha po- uy (1503) oH eras ceKpeTapeM H ypavom ¥ eBOErO AIH — KaTONHHECKOrO er cxona, Hocne emepra sun (1512) on nocemunes Br. pomGopK, KperrocrHast Gamma Koroporo ciy>xsu1a ey oGcepBaropuei, Byny4 ry6oKo wepyiouliM se- JOBCKOM, Ha TIEPBEIX ArAX CBONX ACTPOHOMHNMECKHX HecmeLOBANHT OH MBITALICH YCOREPUICHICTHOBATs TeONEHTTPHYECKYIO CHCTEMY Mupa, HaLOKeHHyIO B «AmBMAre- cre», Beope om ons Geeriepentexrunnocr. 9roit H_\eONOFMH H MpITINeH K BLMO;LY 0 TpawoMepHiocTH TemMoueHTpHIecKoH MOAeIIH MHpA, B PaMKAX KoTOpOit 3eusts IHG oa H3 WIaHer, BpamaiomAxes voKpyr Comma. KonepHnk nozaras, "10 Beenennaa orpannyena cihepoii HeNOABIDKUEIX 3Be3/1, KOTOPHe pachooxKeHbI Ha OTpOMINAIX, HO BEe-TAKH KOHEHIAX PACCTOAHHIX OF HAC, KOOTOMY HX HHFYTOAKEIC CMeMIeHHS He MOrIH Git saMexeHEI. On BBITONHHI GombuIoe 4HCHO pacteron, OGOcHONEIBAIONIEX MIpABOMepHOcTE reMHOMeHTpHYECKOlL NoneH BeestexHol. Co- crammennore HM TAG! GOBLIN HANHOTO TONHee TaGTAN ThrosIeMes, 470 HMeHO Goupuioe siasierne sU14 GsleTpo paseuBasuierocs MopelLIaKAKLA, Pevynuramt uecrenorannii Gum oGoSmenm Koneprakom » commern «OO oGpamtennsx weGecHAx cihep», onyOmHKORAHOM B 1543 r., Kes@ONrO XO ero cmepra, Hayatoe sHasenne renmonentpHseckoii cncremm Konteprnka coctosiro B TOM, ¥TO 3eMJIs, CHHTaBUIascA PaHEMe HeHTPOM Mpa, CTAHOBHACb IMLS onnoii 13 raner. Pesomounonustii xapaxrep parison Konepmna Guur ronsT 10 ‘TeM KaTOMMMecKolt WepKoBLIO IMU Tlocme paGor Tames 4 apyrux yaeutix. B 1616 r. zexperom HHKBHSHNMA Kara KonepauKa Gxula BHeceHa «Bnet Ho MenpaBnennay B «MAjeKe sanpe- MICHHEIX KAHT> H OcTaBanack Tox samrperoN xo 1828 r. OcofenHo céeno 1 GecKomnpoMuccHo pax BHI H yrnyGnn ue GecKoresHocra Beeren- Hod BeaMKuii HrambancKuii mecmrrens Zocop- dano Bpyno. On yrepaxjan, wo Beerennas Gec- KoHedHa W Comme — Beero TONBKO Osa 13 3837. Takux sBeax cymlecayer GecaHeaeHHoe MHO‘Ke- Tmo, H OHH OXpyAeHEI TLIAHeTaNH, Ha KOTOPEIX MOET SEIT ac, Bpyno BoIcKagAT TpezMONO- xeHHe 0-ToM, ¥To H Come H 3Bex1 BpAUIAloTeA BOKPyr CBOUX oceli, a » ComedHoii cucreme Kpo- ‘Lwopanto Epyno Me HBBECTHEIX Ye IMAHeT CyMECTBYIOT H UpyrHe, (1548-1600) oka eile He OTKpsITEIe. Bpyno poxuies va wore Vraman. B Wxocra ero onianm B MoHacTEIps, Me emy mpencrossio crams cxyaurenem wepken. TosaaKoMuBumce ¢ yueume Ko- nepuuka, Of OCTaBHIL MoHAcrsIps W yexan ua Virasiaw, 4Hra -TeKIMH, W3ABANt CBOH KEHTY, BRICTYNAN Ha MYOHWYHSIX WWCHyTaX NPOTHE CTOpOHHHKOB CHCTEMBL wupa Tromemes. Mpecnexonanna wepken 2acransam ero repeenkart ua LIneii- vam Bo pamuno, noroM 8 Aursmo 4 Tepmanmio, B 1592 r. mp nomoua 06- Mana H Mpewatenkcrea caysKurei4M PUMCKOl LepkBH yuautock cxBaTHTs Bpyko. Marke nocie ceMH er npeOLBaHA B'TIOPEMHEIX 3acTeHKax BpyHOo He OTpeKca OT cBoux Baraqos. Korga cro 1pHrOBopHiIH Kk COAKEHHO Ha KOCTPE, OH IPOHIHeC: «Coxe He 3Ha5HTT onpoBeprHyTE». Fano Tanueti racxe poxunca » Hiram, 2 r, Tusa B 3HaTHOH, Ho OGexHesMeli ceMBe. Tlo- AY¥ILL HANGIBHOE KIKACCHYECKOE, MYSBIKAIBHOE 1 aurepatypHioe o6pazonanue. B 1581 r. Tameo cran eryjearom Tlusancroro yunmepcnrera, re uSyNall MeqMLUMHY, MareMaruKy, Tpyaisl ApHero- rena, Tlnarona u ApxuMena. B cryzeH4eckne ToL OTKPLUL 9aKOH HBoxporHocTH KomeGartit: nepHon KoneGanHii rpy3a, TowBemennoro Ha HHTH, SABHCHT TOIBKO OT JJIMHEI HHTH H He 3aBHCHT OT Macchi H pasMaxa KouleGaEnit. B 1589 r. Taanueli uony4ua ecto upoipec- copa Maremarmen w TIazanckom yanepcurere. Ero HecHeqoBaHHa 32KOHOB HaxeHMa Ten GEM chopMyzuponartt B Buse 3aKoHA O MportoprHo- HaJIBHOCTH TIYTH, npoliyeHHoro TenoM, KBanpery Tanuco Pent ppeMernt najiennst. (1564-1642) uN B 1592r. Camel 2anan kabenpy Maremaraxu Tlanyancxoro yuupepcrera B Beneunanckoii pecnyGmxe, rye mperomaBan reomerpuio Eka, MexaHHKy, ac- ‘porommo. Kype acrpoHOMMH OH YHTall, OCTABAKCh B PANKaX O*pMUHAIEHO UPHAATEIX Bosspenaii Apucroresi— IIrouemes. Culeayer Homa, 410 JbkopxaHo bpyvo yixe CHAI B 3acTeHkaX HAKBASAIAH. Otako qelicrauTembrnte Barra Tamed na cHc- ‘TeMY MUPOANAHAX OLLI COBEPIIEHHO HEBIME, © ¥eM TOBOPST CHIeMYIOUIe CYPOKH 3 muctMa x Vi. Kenutepy (4 aaryera 1597 r.): «K amenuso Konepuuxa (0 zemoyenmpu- Neckoii cucmene) 4 npraues.wnoz0 stem Head U, UCXODR Us HezO, HatueN NpUUEIEL MKO- aux ecmecmsennoxx senenull. A nanucan onposepacerus tnozus DosodAM CmopoHiU- xoe Timoneues, no d0 cux nop ue peuiaiocs nycmumn uc @ caem, Fydssi yempauien rb6oii ywumens nawezo Konepuca. B 1609. Panmelt paspaGoran camuili Mout mo ToMy BpeMeHH TenecKon, KoTOpEtit HenOmB30BAN UK HaGIMOeHHA HeCeCHEIX Te. OGHapy>KuB Ha JTyHe WHp- IH, KpaTepEt H TOpHBIe HenH, OM BEICKASAT NpemTTOMO:KeHHe, #70 JIyna sBAACTes TA KHIM 2Ke KANCHICTHM TeNIOM, KaK H Bema. (asst Betlepbt 0H OOBACHILI ee JBHKe- uuen poxpyr Comma. Vim Betjesient rpa cnyraKa FOunrepa. 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Becnoii 1611 r, Tammeii nocxax » Paw a sbicryrmi nepex “wIcHAMH TancKOl KOJUIErHH ¢ HECKOJIBKUMH JOKIAAMH, TIPOeMOHCTPHPOBAB OTIAN-HesyHraM ¢ 10- MOMIEIO cBoero TenecKoNa roper Ha Jlye, cnyrHMky FOnutepa, naraa Ha Commie 1 spe3qst Mueunoro Tyr, PaMcKaa KOJUIErHA Y4eHLIX GuarOckOHHO HpMHsIA or- xpsirua Tamuiea 1 orzena or Hero 4acruaie OOBHHeAHs B epecu, B aexabpe 1613 r. Tamureit namacar mceMo caoemy yuenmey, a6Gary Kacresm, 8 Koropom no3Bosmz1 ceGe HeoctopoxxHoe Tomkosane BuGmu, Korma nacema Tamuites nocrynvsia ® Hi KBHSHNUO, KoTOpas B bespate 1615 r, Havala HoBOe e10 MPOTHB y4eHOrO, Btomoxe roy Pammieli nanican tpakrar 10y 3araBvem «IIMCbMO k Beikoit repuorane Kprerae». B rem on passnpan Teopmo apolicrsemnoit meTHHbr: cere HCTHHI HaYKH, OTKPEIBAIOMIMECH HAM B ONITAX H HeOGXONMMBX XOKU2@TEIKCTBAX, H €CTb MCTHHEL Bepbl, PeIMTHH, ‘910 ka PasHEIX Mpa, Be cAMOCTOATEABHBIE cibepEl AYXa, KoTOpbie He 3abAcaT upyr or Apyra. B ueKadpe 1615 r. on npuGsut B Pum, sroObi sammmarsca nepex TManoii Tasiom V. Caaueniaa kouerua PancKoli 1i- rareumun 24 dbenpans 1616 r. cyenana aaKmouenne 0 TOM, 47o yaeHHe O JTREDKEHIA 3eMIH IOxHO H HeneNo, ‘bopMamHo eperusHo H npoTHBHO CasuyeHHoMy Taca- uiioy. 5 mapra 1616 r. BEueN eKper, KoTOpEIl sampeTa y4euHe Konepuana. Ta- JNDIeli BBINYAKREH GLUT NOAYHHHTHCA, HO He CMHMPILICA MH MpoOIKar ocropoxKAo coGupaTs AoBoNEI B Nomsy ysenns Konepumna. B dbeppane 1633 r. Panui 10 12 apeSonanmo uKeIaHuaM Gout BusBaH B Pam, re poms Hero Havaies mponecc. Ero npHsHailH BH- HOBHLIM B HapyllcHV YepKOBMBIX 3amperos Ht UPHTOBOPHIM K TOXKUSHEHHOMY ‘TiopeMHomy 3a- rmorenmo, Cemujecsranernnit craper 6but BbI- HY AUCH, CTO Ha KoNeHAX, MYGINHHO OTpeHECA OT yuenua Konepunka, C yuetom ero noKopHoctH 1 PACKASHHA TpHOYHAT saMeHHI TiOpeMHOe saKIHO- NeHHe CcbLIKOH Ha ero Bay ApyerpH Ges mpapa, neewa. TlocnexHme rose KHANH yueHoro Mpore- KallH TIO], CTPOTHM Has3OPOM HEKBHSHIH. 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B xayecrse cvoeli riasnoit sajaun Tuxo Bpare onpeemur cosnanme HoBoli CHCTeME Mupa, KOTOpax AOIDKHA IpHiirH Ha CMeHY Kak 1rroneMeesoll, TaK H Koneprkoroii. B 1601 r. amecre c Monosbn HeMenkan yaersim 11, Kermepom on nawait paGory Wa HOBKINH YOSHEHHEMI acrponoMMyecKHMN TaGIMIaMH, KOTO- ble B-YecTs HAMepatopa HONnysHIM HaskaRHe «Py,iObpoRsIX». CocrapneHHe 9TAX ‘raOIMLL, KOTOpsle HCHOME3OBANHCE ACTPOHOMAMM HH MopsKaM BIUIOT 20 HaHama XIX B., 6110 3apepmrerto TomKo B 1627 Pr. yaKe MocHe eMepTH yaeHOro B OKTAGpE 13 Horan Keusep (1571-1830) Ok ns wv Xpucruan Pofirene (1629-1695) Heaax Huioren. (1613-1727) 1601 r. To cnopast Kenrepa, nepex cmeptsio Taxo Bpare wecxomsko pas mpousee: WKuswe nposcuma ne nanpacho». Tlo upukasy usmepatopa Pysob- (ha Il BeNMKHi JarcKWii acTpOHOM ObLT HOXopaHeH ¢ PHIMAPeKHMEE MOYeCTAMM Bo MparkcKoM ToIncKOM. coGope. Ha nanrpoGHoli niure ysenoro BaiceseH webs: «He a1acmu, ue Gozamemea, a mowoko cKu- nempol nayRu aeuts0. Hozann Kentep ponaica sr. Bali-aep- Ihrante (penepamsniaa semaa Banen-Broprenbepr, Tepmaina) 8 Gexuoit mporecranreKoii ceme. O6- paxoRAHHe NONYSHN B LepKOBHO! WKoNe, B jyXOB- HOM CeMMHapHH UpH MoHacTEIpe MaysbOponH, a 3aTeM MB caMom TioGHHrericKoM ynmpopenere. B 1593 r. Kenep nepeexan p Tipary x Tuxo Bpare, nocie cMeprH Koroporo (1601) narysa Marepya- ABI €PO MEOTONETHHX BEICOKOTOYALX HaGMoLeHEit. Bo wcex csonx jamsnelinmx xemrax Kennep mos: YepKHEAN, CKO MHOTHM OH oGscaH THxO Bpare. Buia yaeHoro B acTpoHOMalo cBsBaH ¢ OGocHOBA- HHeM 3KOHOB ABIDKeHHA HuIaHer (saKoHEI Keruiepa). Hepsi 2akon Kenaepa ommcsraer op6ury Marepuambnoli TOW B HeRoaMymeHHOM jRHDKe- uuu. B coorsercraHH ¢ 9THM 3aKOHOM nuIaHerkt wBWKYTeA MO suUIHNICAM, Come pactonoxKeHo B qboxyce suuiunca, HaXoyaMleMes Ha HeKOTOpON pac- croauma or ucutpa. Ha sore cncayer, 470 cKO- POCTS ABIDKEHHA Tuners! BoKpyr Coma TeM BEI- mie, vem GmoKe K Commmy Haxomures manera 1, naoGopor, ¥eM jambUe ona or Coma, Tem ec ABIOKEHMe MewledHee. Ira ocoGeHHOCTS B AsHIKE- HMM Taner coctannser emopoii saxon Kennepa, Ha Gase ormx saxonon Kemiep cocrapas ramet JBWKeHMS Taner («PyAOMEpOBEI TAG, OMyO- SIMKOBaHHBIe B 1627 T.), KOTOpHe ABU BOSMOK- HOCTD BEMHCIATE jt IOGOTO MoMeHTa BpemenH TONOXKeHHE Taner ¢ caMoli BEICOKOIi U1 TOK aH0- XH To¥HocrEI0, MMH Honbs03aJINCE B UpaKTHYecK ott acrponomin Ha nporeKenue XVII u XVII Bexon. Xpucmuan Tiotizenc — seyxarouiicn romans cuit game, vaTemarak, acrponoM, yeraronmn na- ainsue y CatypHa HeoGEIuHoro oGpasoBaHis B BAe Koubua. Edy npHnasuiexur npazo orxpemus Turata — caMoro KpyHEoro H3 ciyrHuKoB CarypHa. B cBoest commen KE B 1665 r. on womy4n cterient OaKastanpa. Korga » 1666. » KemOpmixe Hayaracs onmjemma, Heroron yramnica 5 CHO JLepeRHIO H, BOTCYTCTAME KHME H NPHGOPOR, BBY K:LeH GhLT saNHNATs CROT Mosr duiocodckian pasmeiurennsmn. B oxMH npexpactiiii serunii eas, Kora HeI0roH cHyen B cay, erO PaIMBIMUIEHAA 0 3aKOKAX BsaMMojelicrBAA Te GELIK UpepBaHisl najleHHeM crexoro 1610KA. 310 OsrTOBOe COOLITHE HONCKAIaIO yHeHO- MY OHO 13 TeHHATLEEIX ero OTKPEITHI — yHeHMe O BceMMpHOM TaroTeHHH, 3Ka- MeHHTas GIONS ONTO XPaHHJACk KAK HCTOPHYECKHH HAMATHMK, a KOFIa 3ACOXIIA, Gsu1a mpespamiena B ckaMbIO-TaMaTHAK. B 16681. Hbioroay bua UpHcBoeHa creneHs MarHctpa, a B 1669 r. ero yaH- Tomb, 3HaMcHHTEIH anrmuticKnii Maremarax Hcaax Gappoy, niepenan ery 1overHyr0 Quauko-maremaraueckyro Kahenpy B yaMBepcHTete, Koropyio Hbiorow 3aHHMast 10 1701 r, B oto Epens y Hetorona CHOKMIMCS HjleH, KOTOpBie MpHBeITH ero K CO3Na~ nino zuepenimareKoro M alrrerpamsHOTO HeaHeseHAi, HaHGonee Hose W3I10- 2keHAe KOTOPbIX ComepKHTCA B (Kopmrycky:spHas runtoresa cBera), MuoronerHe orrraseckHe HecneqoBanna HEIOTOHA ObLIM ONYOIHKOBANBI HM JHMIb B 17047. B CouMHeHHA

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