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HEALTH EDUCATION
PRE TEST:
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
Answer: Health Education
The ability to make and maintain acceptable interactions with other people.
Answer: Social Health
Health Education is the process by which individuals and groups of people learn to
promote, maintain, and restore health.
Answer: True
One of the aims of health education is to be part of all education, and to promote
throughout whole span of life.
Answer: True
Illness is a state of social dysfunction, a role that individual assumes when ill.
Answer: False
TOPIC 1:
HEALTH EDUCATION
“Health is the quality of life that enables the individual to live most and serve best.” -
According to J.F.William
Good health means different things to different people, and its meaning varies
according to individual and community expectations and context.
1. Credibility
It is the degree to which the message is perceived as trust worthy by the receiver
2. Interest
If the health education topic is of interest to the people, they will listen to it.
3. Participation
Health educator should encourage people to participate in the program.
4. Motivation
“The fundamental desire for learning in an individual”
5. Comprehension
Level of understating of the people who receive the health education
6. Reinforcement
This is the principle that refers to the repetition needed in health education
7. Learning by doing
If the learning process is accompanied by doing new things it is better instilled in the minds
of people
8. Know to know
Before the start of any health education program, the health educator should find out how
much the people already know and then give them the new knowledge.
9. Setting an example
The health educator should follow what he preaches.
11. Feedback
For any program to be successful it is necessary to collect feedback to find out if any
modifications are needed to make the program more effective
How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live a long, healthy life?
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
Social factors
Health services
Policymaking
Individual behavio
Biology and genetics
PHYSICAL HEALTH
o Physical health is the state of being free from illness or injury. It can cover a
wide range of areas including healthy diet, healthy weight, dental health,
personal hygiene and sleep. Physical health is vital for overall well-being.
MENTAL HEALTH
o Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It
affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle
stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every
stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.
SOCIAL HEALTH
o Social health is more than just the prevention of mental illness and social
problems. Being socially healthy means increased degree of happiness
including sense of belonging and concern for others.
TOPIC 2:
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Delineated the nursing standards for patient education; to be met through teaching
activities by nurses and the patient – family oriented
To include an interdisciplinary team approach in the provision of patient education as
well as evidence that patients and their significant others understand what they’ve
been taught
Prognosis
puts forth a set of health profession competencies for the 21st century
Mid-1800s
– Nursing was acknowledged as unique discipline
– Teaching as an important role of nurses as caregivers:
promoting the health of the well public
- 2006 Institution for Healthcare Improvement announced 5 Million Lives campaign to
reduce 15 million incidents medical harm U.S. hospitals q year.
- Sullivan Alliance aimed recruit & educate staff deliver culturally competent care public &
increase racial & cultural mix nsg. faculty, students, & staff, who sensitive needs ct.
- FOCUS teaching promotion & maintenance of health
- Disease-oriented pt. edu. (DOPE) to prevention-oriented pt. edu. (POPE) to ultimately
become health-oriented pt. edu. (HOPE)
- CI should be up to date with clinical skills & innovations practice & possess knowledge &
skills principles teaching & learning to link theory learned class to practice envir.
Florence Nightingale
Founder (Nursing); ultimate educator
Devoted a large portion of her career in educating those involved in the delivery of
health care (nurses, doctors, health officials)
Proper conditions in hospitals, homes
Nutrition, fresh air, exercise & hygiene
Early 1900s ---public health nurses in this country clearly understood the significance of the
role of the nurse as teacher in preventing disease and in maintaining the health of society.
WHY HEALTH EDUCATION?
Purpose: to increase the competence and confidence of patients to manage their own self-
care and of staff and students to deliver high quality care
EDUCATION PROCESS
Education Process: a systematic, sequential, planned course of action on the part of both the
teacher and learner to achieve the outcomes of teaching and learning
a. Teaching
o Deliberate interventions involve sharing info. & experience meet intended learner outcomes
in cognitive, affective, & psychomotor domains according edu. plan
• Instruction – involves communicating of information about a specific skill: cognitive,
affective, psychomotor.
b. Learning
-a change in behavior (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) that can be observed and measured,
and can occur at any time or in any place as a result of exposure to environmental stimuli
Activities such as:
Listening , observing, problem solving practicing discussing , writing, reflecting on
experiences are involved.
Patient Education: the process of helping clients learn health- related behaviors to achieve
the goal of optimal health and independence in self-care
Staff Education: the process of helping nurses acquire knowledge, attitudes, and skills to
improve the delivery of quality care to the consumer
Patient teaching: is the process of influencing patient behavior and producing changes in
knowledge, attitudes and skills necessary in maintaining or improving health.
ASSURE Model
Analyze the learner
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State objectives
Select instructional methods and materials Use teaching materials
Require learner performance
Evaluate/revise the teaching/learning process
Obstacles to teaching
o Factors negatively affect ability learner pay attention to & processinformation
Barriers to Education
1. Lack of time to teach
2. Many nurses admit that they do not feel competent or confident with regard to their
teaching skills
3. Personal characteristics of the nurse educator
4. Low priority
5. The lack of space and privacy in the various environmental settings
6. An absence of third-party reimbursement
7. Some nurses and physicians question whether patient education is effective as a means
to improve health outcomes.
8. There seems to be a “malfunction” of the healthcare team
9. Both formal and informal teaching
How can the healthcare teams work together more effectively to coordinate
educationalefforts?
TOPIC 3:
PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
Learning Objective:
Differentiate among the basic approaches to learning.
Describe how theories and principles of learning enhance the teaching and learning
process in the nurse-client relationship.
Apply the following learning theories to selected teaching-learning situations:
behavioral, cognitive, and social learning theory.
Health Education
Lawrence Green – it is a science any combination of learning experience designed to
facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health.
Is a science and a profession of teaching health concepts to promote, maintain, and
enhance one's health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death, through
adaptation of health behavior, attitudes, and perspective.
As any combination of plan, learning experiences based on sound theories, that may
provide the individual, groups, or communities to acquire information and skills
needed to make quality health decisions.
It provides or constructed opportunities for learning which involves form of
communication, in which it is designed to improve health literacy which includes
improving, the knowledge, and develop life skills, which are conducive to individual,
and community health.
Health Educator
Is a professionally prepared individual, who serves in a variety of roles and especially
trained to use appropriate educational strategies and method to facilitate the
Education Process
Is being defined as a systemic sequential planned course of Action, in relation to
teaching and learning in which teaching and learning is the interdependent function
and then the teacher.
Learning – is a change in behavior.
Learning
5. Learning is selective and creative - the learner is the primarily force and the teacher is
the secondary force. Learning is a process of personal choice making.
6. Learning is influence and is transferable - transfer refers to the application of
knowledge, skill gained in one context to affect another situation.
Ideational Learning
Carried out in the in the cognitive domain of the intellect.
o Domain of Learning:
Cognition
Concept
Fact
Sensation
Perception
Principle
Skill Learning
is carried out in the conative or psychomotor domain. A skill is defined as "refined
Pattern" or movement or performance based upon demand of a situation.
o Development of Skills:
Formation of skill
Execution of skill
Accuracy & Speed
Emotional Learning
Refers to affective learning. The mental state which are characterized by feelings and
emotions.
o Basic components of Emotions:
Attitudes
Values
Ideals
K,S,A,
Knowledge (cognitive)
Skills (psychomotor)
Attitude (affective)
Diverging
Assimilating
Converging
Accommodating
Laws of Learning
1. Law of Effect
2. Law of Readiness
3. Law of Exercise
4. Law of Recency
5. Law of Primacy
6. Law of Intensity
Law of Effect
Involves the learner's emotional response to a stimulus.
Learning is strengthen when it is accompanied by a pleasant or satisfying feeling.
Law of Readiness
State that the one must be physically, emotionally and mentally ready to learn.
The degree of preparedness and eagerness to learn.
Law of Exercise
Stresses the idea that repetition is basic to the development of adequate response or
outcome.
Things that are most often repeated are best remembered.
Law of Regency
States that information of skills most recently learned are best remembered.
Frequent review and summarization help fix in the mind the material covered.
Law of Primacy
States that the state of being first often creates a strong impression
Learning that takes place in the beginning is the best and lasting.
Law of Intensity
State that if stimulus or experience is real, the more likely learning will occur.
A vivid, dramatic or exciting learning experience teaches more than a routine
Learning Theories
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Social
TOPIC 4
DETERMINANTS OF LEARNING
Learning Objectives:
Explain the Nurse Educator’s Role in the Learning Process.
Identify the components of the determinants of learning.
Describe the step involved in the assessment of learning needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy
Readiness to Learn
Defined as the time when the learner demonstrates an interest in learning the
information necessary to maintain optimal health or to become more skillful in a job.
Readiness to learn occurs when the learner is receptive, willing, and able to
participate in the learning process.
To assess readiness to learn, the educator must first understand what needs to be
taught, collect, and validate that information, and then apply the same methods used
previously to assess learning needs, including making observations, conducting
interviews, gathering from the learner as well as from other healthcare team members,
and reviewing documentation.
2. Emotional Readiness
o Anxiety level
o Support system
o Motivation
o Risk-taking behavior
o Development stage
3. Experiential Readiness
o Level of aspiration
o Past coping mechanisms
o Cultural background
o Loss of control
o Orientation
4. Knowledge Readiness
o Present knowledge
o Cognitive ability
o Learning disabilities
o Learning styles
Learning Styles
Learning Style is the way which each learner begins to concentrate and retain new and
difficult information.
Visual – a student learns by reading a material, and uses visual material such as charts,
pictures, maps.
Kinesthetic – learn best when they can use tactile experiences and carry out a physical
activity to practice applying new information.
(POST TEST)
8. The time when the learner demonstrates an interest in learning the information
necessary to maintain optimal health, to attain greater functional independence, or to
become more skillful in a job
ANSWER: Readiness to Learn
9. Are externally focused and as such are socially oriented, more aware of sisal cues,
able to reveal their feelings, and are more dependent on others for reinforcemen
ANSWER: Field-dependent individuals
10. The ways in which, and conditions under which, learners most efficiently and most
effectively perceive, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn
ANSWER: Learning Styles
14. Dunn and Dunn Model: 5 basic stimuli: Environmental elements: sound, light,
temperatureEmotional elements: motivation, persistence, responsibilitySociological
patters: desire to work alone or in groupsPhysical elements: perceptual strength,
intake, time of dayPsychological elements: the way learners process info.
ANSWER: TRUE
15. MBTI - The needs of the learner, the state of readiness to learn, and the preferred
learning styles for processing information
ANSWER: FALSE
1. identify learner2. choose setting3. collect data about/from learner4. prioritize needs5.
involve members of the interdisciplinary healthcare team6. prioritize needs7. assess
for misconceptions and re-educate if necessary8. determine availability of educational
resources9. assess the demands of the organization10. take time-management issues
into account
ANSWER: Steps in the assessment of learning
16. Examples of Knowledge Readiness: Anxiety level, support system, motivation, risk
taking behavior, frame of mind, developmental stage.
ANSWER: FALSE
18. Have internalized frames of reference such that they experience themselves as
separate or differentiated from others and the environment. Less sensitive to social
cues and not affected by criticism.
ANSWER: Field-independent individuals