Describe photovoltaic effect?

[CO1][K2]
The emission of light by a material when exposed to sunlight
The generation of electricity from light energy

The reflection of light off a shiny surface

The absorption of heat from sunlight

1. Which material is commonly used for photovoltaic cells in solar panels?[CO1][K2]

Copper
Aluminum
Silicon
Gold
7.
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum do photovoltaic cells primarily convert into
electricity?[CO1][K2]

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

X-rays
Infrared (IR) radiation
Visible light
8.
What is the most common configuration for connecting multiple solar panels in a photovoltaic
system?[CO1][K1]

Series
Parallel
Series-parallel
Random
9.
What is the inclination of earth’s axis in degrees?[CO2][K1]

53
23.5
43
13
1.
Which of the following best describes the structure of polycrystalline silicon solar cells?[CO1][K2]

Single large crystal structure

Multiple small crystal structures
No crystal structure, amorphous
Hexagonal crystal structure
11.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar
cells?[CO1][K2]

They have higher efficiency than monocrystalline cells.

They have lower efficiency due to their grain boundaries.
They have the same efficiency as amorphous silicon cells.
Their efficiency depends on the color of sunlight.
12.
How do temperature variations typically affect the performance of polycrystalline silicon solar
cells?[CO1][K3]

Higher temperatures improve their efficiency.

Higher temperatures decrease their efficiency.
Temperature has no effect on their efficiency.
Efficiency increases with temperature fluctuations.
13.
What is the primary function of a PV array in a solar power system?[CO1][K1]

To store electrical energy

To convert sunlight into electricity
To regulate the temperature of solar panels
To provide shade to the surrounding area
14.
What is the role of a system charge controller in a solar power system?[CO1][K1]

To convert DC electricity to AC electricity

To store excess energy in batteries
To prevent overcharging and over-discharging of batteries
To amplify the voltage output of the PV array
15.
Which type of charge controller is commonly used for off-grid solar systems, where batteries are a crucial
component?[CO1][K2]

PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) charge controller

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) charge controller
Linear charge controller
Inverter charge controller
16.
How does an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) charge controller differ from a PWM charge
controller?[CO1][K1]

MPPT controllers are less efficient.

MPPT controllers can harvest more energy by tracking the optimal voltage and current levels.
PWM controllers are suitable for grid-tied systems only.
MPPT controllers do not require batteries.
17.
What is one of the primary advantages of photovoltaic solar conversion?[CO1][K1]

It generates electricity only during the day.

It has a high environmental impact.
It reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
It relies on fossil fuels for energy production.
18.
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of photovoltaic solar systems?[CO1][K2]

Low reliability and lifespan

High operating costs
Limited availability of sunlight in most regions
Negative impact on property values
19.
Which renewable energy technology often complements solar power to provide electricity when there is
limited sunlight?[CO1][K2]

Geothermal energy
Hydroelectric power
Wind turbines
Tidal energy
2.
What is the efficiency of a typical commercial solar panel?[CO1][K1]

Over 9%
Around 5%
Below 1%
Exactly 75%
21.
What is the key advantage of grid-tied solar systems?[CO1][K1]

Energy storage for nighttime use

Independence from the electrical grid
Selling excess electricity back to the grid
Low upfront installation costs
22.
Which renewable energy technology harnesses the kinetic energy of moving air?[CO1][K1]

Biomass
Solar panels
Wind turbines
Hydropower
23.
What is the key advantage of biomass energy?[CO1][K1]

It is a steady source of power.

It is not influenced by weather conditions.
It doesn't produce any greenhouse gas emissions.
It is not dependent on organic materials.
24.
What is the main challenge associated with tidal energy generation?[CO1][K1]

Limited availability of tidal patterns

High cost of installation
Negative environmental impact
Unpredictable energy output
Option 2
25.
What is the primary source of energy in geothermal power generation?[CO1][K1]
Wind
Earth's internal heat
Biomass
Tidal energy
26.
What is the fundamental principle behind the operation of solar cells?[CO1][K1]

Thermoelectric effect
Photovoltaic effect
Electromagnetic induction
Piezoelectric effect
27.
Which semiconductor material is commonly used in the majority of solar cells?[CO2][K2]

Copper
Aluminum
Silicon
Gold
28.
What happens when a photon of sunlight is absorbed by a semiconductor in a solar cell?[CO2][K1]

It generates heat.
It creates a flow of electrons.
It emits visible light.
It remains unchanged.
29.
What is the built-in electric field within a solar cell responsible for?[CO2][K1]

Reflecting sunlight
Preventing the flow of electrons
Separating photogenerated electrons and holes
Creating heat
3.
What is the primary source of energy in solar thermal systems?[CO2][K1]

Wind
Earth's internal heat
Solar radiation
Biomass
31.
What is the unit of measurement for solar radiation intensity on a surface?[CO2][K1]

Lumens
Watts per square meter (W/m²)
Joules
Amperes
32.
What is the angle of declination?[CO2][K1]

The angle between the Earth's equator and the ecliptic plane
The angle at which the Sun's rays strike the Earth's surface
The angle at which stars appear in the night sky
The angle of tilt of the Earth's axis
33.
At which location on Earth is the angle of declination equal to zero?[CO2][K2]

The North Pole

The South Pole
The equator
The Tropic of Cancer
34.
How does the angle of declination affect the length of daylight hours at different latitudes?[CO2][K3]

It has no effect on daylight hours.

It causes longer daylight hours at higher latitudes.
It causes longer daylight hours at lower latitudes.
It causes equal daylight hours at all latitudes.
35.
On May 7th of a leap year, what is the approximate angle of declination?[CO2][K1]

degrees
23.5 degrees
9.65 degrees
45 degrees
36.
What is one of the environmental limitations associated with some concentrating solar power
plants?[CO2][K1]

Water usage
Solar usage
Renewable
Non Renewable
37.
What primarily determines the length of daylight hours during a day?[CO2][K1]

Latitude
b) Altitude
c) Longitude
d) Time zone
38.
Complementary angle of sun’s altitude angle. It is the vertical angle between the sun’s rays and a line
perpendicular to the horizontal plane through the point.[CO2][K1]

Surface azimuth Angle

Zenith Angle
Solar azimuth Angle
Altitude Angle
39.
It is a vertical angle between the projection of the sun’s rays on the horizontal plane and the direction of
the sun rays.[CO2][K1]

Surface azimuth Angle

Zenith Angle
Solar azimuth Angle
Altitude Angle
4.
It is the angle in horizontal plane, between the line due south and projection of beam radiation on the
horizontal plane. Thus it gives the direction of the shadow cast in the horizontal plane by a vertical
rod.[CO2][K2]

Surface azimuth Angle

Zenith Angle
Solar azimuth Angle
Altitude Angle
41.
_______________is a device for collecting solar radiation and transfers the energy to a fluid passing in
contact with it.[CO2][K1]

solar Collector
solar Concentrator
Solar Energy
Solar Thermal
42.
What is the key difference between the solar constant and solar isolation?[CO2][K2]

The solar constant represents total solar energy, while solar insolation accounts for energy received on
Earth's surface.
The solar constant is a measure of the Earth's insulation, while solar insolation measures the Sun's energy
output.
The solar constant is measured in watts per square meter, while solar insolation is measured in joules per
square meter.
The solar constant varies throughout the year, while solar insolation remains constant.
43.
Solar thermal systems are less effective at high latitudes due to:[CO2][K2]

Increased solar radiation

Lower solar isolation
Longer daylight hours
Lower cost
44.
What type of collectors are commonly used to capture solar radiation for heating applications?[CO2][K2]

Parabolic trough collectors

Photovoltaic panels
Wind turbines
Natural gas boilers
45.
What is the purpose of focusing collectors in solar thermal systems?[CO2][K1]

To increase the efficiency of energy conversion

To reduce the cost of materials
To store excess energy
To cool down the system
46.
Which of the following is an application of solar thermal energy?[CO2][K2]

Manufacturing plastics
Generating nuclear power
Water heating
Mining coal
47.
Aperture area of a solar collector is roughly equal to _______[CO2][K2]

Coolant area
Generator area
Absorber area
System area
48.
Which of the following is an example of a solar thermal application for cooling?[CO2][K2]

Heating water for swimming pools

Generating electricity for a factory
Air conditioning in a commercial building
Fueling cars with solar power
49.
What is the primary phase of dry steam in a geothermal reservoir?[CO1][K1]

Gas
Liquid
Solid
Vapor
5.
In a geothermal power plant utilizing dry steam, what is the main purpose of the turbines?[CO2][K2]

To heat the steam

To convert heat to electricity
To cool down the steam
To store excess energy
51.
What is the distinguishing feature of wet steam compared to dry steam in geothermal systems?[CO1][K2]
Wet steam has a higher temperature.
Wet steam contains more water vapor.
Wet steam is solid at room temperature.
Wet steam is less efficient for energy conversion.
52.
In a geothermal power plant using wet steam, what is the primary challenge associated with the use of wet
steam?[CO1][K2]

Corrosion of equipment
Difficulty in drilling wells
High maintenance costs
Low energy content
53.
Vapor dominated system is also known as [CO1][K1]

Dry Steam field

Wet Dry field
Steam Dry Field
None of the above
54.
Liquid dominated system is also known as [CO1][K2]

Dry Steam field

Wet Dry field
Steam Dry Field
None of the above
55.
The T-S diagram is the representation of [CO2][K2]

Liquid dominated System

Geothermal System
Double flash steam system
Vapor dominated System
56.
____________is a technology that is used to balance the mismatch in demand and supply for heating
and/or cooling. [CO2][K2]
TES
SES
BES
VES
57.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of renewable energy?[CO1][K2]

High pollution
Available only in few places
High running cost
Unreliable supply
58.
In hydroelectric power, what is necessary for the production of power throughout the
year?[CO1][K2]

Dams filled with water

High amount of air
High intense sunlight
Nuclear power
59.
Which among the following have a large amount of installed grid interactive renewable
power capacity in India?[CO1][K2]

Wind power
Solar power
Biomass power
Small Hydro power
6.
Based on usability, Energy Resources are classified into _____[CO1][K2]

primary, secondary and tertiary resources

primary and secondary resources
primary, secondary, intermediate and tertiary resource
primary, intermediate and secondary resources
61.
Which of the following is not a type of primary resource?[CO1][K2]

Crude Oil
Coal
Hydrogen Energy
Sunlight
62.
The ratio of energy received from a raw energy source to energy spent to obtain the raw
energy source is called as _____[CO1][K2]

consumption ratio
fuel ratio
energy yield ratio
Joule option
63.
A new renewable energy system is designed to harvest energy from wind. The total
energy required to build the system is 24 kJ. The energy yield ratio of the system is 14:3.
The total energy provided by the system over its lifetime is _____[CO1][K2]

18, kJ
54 KJ
112 KJ
2258 KJ
64.
To focus on Renewable and Other alternative sources of energy, ______ was established in March 1981
by the Government of India.[CO1][K1]

commission for additional sources of energy

commission for alternative sources of energy
council of scientific & industrial research
centre for science and environment