EXPERIMENT NO-1

Aim : Collect, Clean, Integrate and Transform Healthcare Data based on specific disease.

Objective: The primary objective of this experiment is to collect, clean, integrate, and
transform healthcare data related to heart disease in order to develop a predictive model for heart

disease risk assessment. The model aims to assist healthcare providers in early detection and risk

stratification, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

Theory:
1. Data Collection:
 Data Source: Collect data from various sources, including electronic health records
(EHRs), clinical databases, and publicly available datasets (e.g., the Cleveland Heart
Disease dataset).
 Data Types: Gather structured data such as patient demographics, medical history, lab
results, and imaging data, as well as unstructured data like clinical notes and reports.

2. Data Cleaning:
 Quality Assessment: Evaluate data quality by identifying and addressing issues like
missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies.
 Data Anonymization: Ensure compliance with privacy regulations by anonymizing or
de-identifying sensitive patient information.

3. Data Integration:
 Data Harmonization: Combine data from various sources into a unified dataset,
mapping and harmonizing variables where needed.
 Data Model: Create a structured data model or schema for consistent data representation.

4. Data Transformation:
 Feature Engineering: Engineer relevant features from integrated data, such as risk
scores, comorbidity indices, and relevant medical metrics.
 Normalization: Standardize data values to maintain consistent scales.
 Data Encoding: Convert categorical variables into numerical formats using techniques
like one-hot encoding.
 Dimensionality Reduction: Apply dimensionality reduction techniques like Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) if necessary.

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5. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA):
 Perform EDA to gain insights into the data and identify relationships between variables.
 Visualize data to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations that may be relevant to heart
disease.

6. Model Development:
 Choose appropriate machine learning or statistical models for heart disease risk
prediction, e.g., logistic regression, decision trees, or deep learning model
 Split the data into training and testing sets to evaluate model performance.

7. Model Training and Evaluation:

 Train the selected model on the training data.
 Evaluate the model's performance using metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1
score.
 Fine-tune the model as necessary.

8. Interpret Results:
 Interpret model outputs and derive insights related to heart disease risk.
 Identify factors and variables most relevant to predicting heart disease.

Diagram:

Exercise:

Import Necessary Libraries:

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Load the Dataset:

Heart Disease dataset using pandas. Download the dataset or provide a link to it.

Data Cleaning:

1. Removing Duplicates:
 Check for and remove duplicate records from the dataset, as duplicate entries can lead to
biased analyses.

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2. Handling Outliers:
 Identify and deal with outliers that may negatively impact the analysis. You can visualize
data distributions and use statistical methods to detect outliers.

3. Correcting Data Types:

 Ensure that data types for each column are appropriate. Sometimes, columns may be
incorrectly classified as numeric or categorical.

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4. Data Normalization (if needed):
 Depending on the machine learning algorithm you plan to use, normalizing data may be
necessary.

5. Handling Categorical Data:

 If your dataset contains categorical data, you may need to encode it. You've already seen
one-hot encoding in the previous example. However, other encoding methods like label
encoding may be suitable for certain algorithms.

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Data Transformation:

1. Encoding Categorical Variables:

2. Feature Engineering:
 You can create new features from existing ones. For example, you might want to create a
feature representing the patient's age group or a binary feature indicating whether a patient
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 has exercise-induced angina (exang).

Conculsion:

In this experiment, we undertook the critical task of collecting, cleaning, integrating, and
transforming healthcare data related to heart disease to develop a predictive model for heart
disease risk assessment. The dataset we used, the Cleveland Heart Disease dataset, was
meticulously prepared to ensure its quality and suitability for machine learning.

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