Name Mrs.

KALIMUNNISHA Date 13/Sep/2022 11:03AM

Age/Sex 41 YRS/FEMALE Collection Date 13/Sep/2022 11:04AM
UID/Barcode 950392 /10883712 Receive Date 13/Sep/2022 11:22AM
Lab No 012209130131 Reported On 13/Sep/2022 03:49PM

HAEMATOLOGY
Test Name Result Unit Ref.Interval Method
ESR [MODIFIED WESTERGREN 30 mm/1st hour 0 - 12 Sedimentation
METHOD], EDTA blood
COMMENTS:
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube
over a period of one hour. It is a common hematology test, and is a non-specific measure of inflammation.

ESR is elevated in a wide range of organic diseases. ESR is not a specific and diagnostic test for any disease. However, it is helpful in
differentiating functional from organic disease. There is no role of ESR in the evaluation of asymptomatic patients.
· Raised ESR signifies presence of some organic disease, which needs evaluation. Most of the inflammatory and neoplastic diseases are
associated with an increase in ESR.
· ESR correlates with disease activity and therefore it is helpful in monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in acute
rheumatic fever, bacterial endocarditis, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and
Hodgkin’s disease.
· ESR is not significantly raised in typhoid fever, malaria, infectious mononucleosis, angina pectoris, osteoarthritis, acute appendicitis,
peptic ulcer, acute allergy, and unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
· Very high or extreme elevation of ESR (≥100 mm at 1 hour) is seen in infections, paraproteinemias, metastatic malignancy,
polymyalgia rheumatica, temporal arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
· ESR is decreased in polycythemia, congestive cardiac failure, dehydration, sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and
hypofibrinogenemia.
· In patients with chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, ESR can be helpful in distinguishing iron deficiency
anemia from anemia of chronic disease.

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