Pulmonary symptoms, such as dyspnea and cough, common to jeft heart failure are a result of: <>yY ‘inflammatory pulmonary edema. decreased cardiac: output puimonary vascular congestion. puimonary hypertension bronchoconstriction. A 20-year-old male underwent an echocardiogram to assess chest pain. Results revealed a congenital defect in papillary muscles, Which of the following would occur? Semilunar valve closure Backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves Atrioventricular valve closure Stenosis of the atrioventricular valves Backward expulsion of the semilunar valves QA 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures generally results from this condition? £C#>Right heart faiture Left heart failure Low-output failure High-output failure Congestive heart failure ‘are the anchors of the atrioventricular valves. Chordae tendineae cordis Great vessels Trabeculae carneae =Q>A 85-year-old male is transported to the ER for chest pain. An electrocardiogram reveals a prolonged QRS interval. This result indicates: increased ejection time. mitral valve opening. Ciosure of mitral valve aortic valve closing. . branch block. Which of structures would not receive an electrical impulse? - | male is diagnosed with prima that acts by whicn oF the folontng ene coud beCalcium channel agonist Sodium channel agonist Orthosiatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure with: exertion. eating. standing up. lying down, A detached blood clot is called a(n): thrombus. aneurysm A 52-year-old fernale is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. She would be expected to suffer from myocardial: hypertrophy. heart failure ischemia necrosis. inflammation. erythropoiesis and Hemoglobin, choose the CORRECT statement fetal hemoglobin contains two beta and two gamma heavy chains the main stimulus for erythropoiesis is hypoxia Bt es epicentre ts et normal hemoglobin molecule contains ferric iron (Fe3+) mature erythrocytes can synthesize hemoglobin All of the following effects on circulatory system could be seen in anemia EXCEPTmegaloblastic anemia anemia due to spherocytosis apalstic anemia anemia due to mechanical trauma like artificial heart valves anemia due to deficiency of G6PD enzyme Which of the following would decrease the function of platelets hypoxia NSAIDsvasculitis deficiency of vitamin K hemophilia Recycied iron fram macrophages is delivered to the bone marrow bound to: ferritin. hemosiderin. transferrin. haptoglobulin The erythrocytes of a person with sickle cell anemia may take sickle shape If deoxygenated hemoglobin is formed. pH is increased. taking aspirin fever develops. eating broad beans A 2-year-old female is diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytic purpura (ITP). This condition is mainty caused by: normal platelet destruction in children. antibody destruction of platelets. an allergic reaction to aspirin. antibodies coming from mother that target platelets in the child. deficiency of some clotting factors. Bleeding tendency is increased in liver disease because most of clotting factors are produced by the liver Heparin prevents clotting through increasing the activity of antithrombin Ill competing with vitamin K inhibiting the action of plataelets removal of clotting factor Vil! precipitation Ca™ deficiency of vitamin B12 causes trigeminal neuralgia generalized peripheral neuropathy myasthenia gravis migraine _ *Q5Parkinson's disease is characterized by myasthenia gravis Parkinson disease migraine upper motor neuron iesion epilepsy Headache caused by an increase in intracranial pressure is characterized by it is increased by coughing it is due to eating certain food like cheese it is associated with fever it is associated with stiff neck it is increased when person moves from lying position to standing position Migraine is seen more in males than females is dull pain involving the entire head could be caused by vasodilatation of extracranial blood vessels could be caused by eye refraction disorders Upper motor neuron lesion is characterized by Flaccid paralysis atrophy of skeletal muscle positive babiniski response hyporeflexia appearance of fibrillation in the affected muscles Regarding different parts of the brain and their functions, choose the CORRECT one medulla oblongata formation of speech primary motor area .balance control origin of pyramidal tract primary sensory area Pulmonary symptoms, such as dyspnea and cough, common to left heart failure are a result of: a 48-year-old male presents to his physician complaining of chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia, Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial? Decrease in ventricular volume with diuretic Increase myocardial oxygen supply Iincrease heart rate Increase myocardial oxygen demand Increase force of contraction A 68-year-ald male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures generally results from this condition? Right heart failure Left heart failure Low-output failure High-output failure Congestive heart failure are the anchors of the atrioventricular valves. Chordae tendineae cordis a 53-year-old male presents with recurrent chest pain on exertion. He is diagnosed with angina pectoris. The pain he experiences occurs when: cardiac output has fallen below normal levels. ee a ar has fallen below demand. myocardial stretch has exceeded the upper limits. Seis as neren 9s Fie ‘the filing pressure increased id male is diagnosed with left bundie branch block. Which of the would not receive an electrical impulse?Calolim channel agonist ‘ Sodium channe! agonist Orthastatic hypdterision refers to a drop in bload pressure with exertion. at rest eating. standing up. lying down. A detached blood clot is called a(n): thrombus. embolus. thromboembolus varicosilty. aneurysm A 52-year-old female is diagnased with coronary artery disease. She would be expected to suffer from myocardial: hypertrophy. heart failure ischemia inflammation. Regarding erythropoiesis and Hemoglobin, choose the CORRECT statement fetal hemoglobin contains two beta and two gamma heavy chains the main stimulus for erythropoiesis is hypoxia about 50% of erythropoietin is formed in the liver ‘All of the following effects on circulatory system could be seen In anenia EXCEPT increased blood viscosity decreased resistance to blood flow decreased venous return increased cardiac output increased workload on the heart lron deficiency anemia is not common type af anemia in adults living in tropical and subtropical region is. due to milk cosumption ‘cauises an increase in MCV in menapausal period is due to rapid growth Patiants with gastric atrophy most ly de Soro gohoancy enon iy probably develop.megaloblastic anemia anemia due to spherocytosis apalstic anemia anemia due to mechanical trauma like artificial heart valves anemia due to deficiency of G6PD enzyme Which of the following would decrease the function of platelets hypoxia NSAIDs vasculitis deficiency of vitamin K hemophilia Recycled iron from macrophages is delivered to the bone marrow bound to: hemogiobin, hemosiderin transferrin. haptoglobuiin The erythrocytes of a person with sickle call anemia may take sickle shape if: deoxygenated hemoglobin is formed. pH is increased taking aspirin fever develops. ealing broad beans A 2-year-old female is diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytic purpura (ITP). This condition is mainly caused normal platelet destruction in children. antibody destruction of platelets. an allergic reaction to aspirin. antibodies coming from mothor that target platetets in the child. deficiency of some clotting factors. Bleeding tendency is increased in liver disease because most of clotting factors are produced by the liver liver destrays the platelets liver dacreases the Ca++ level liver is essential to form factor IV which needs vitamin K liver comsumes the clotting factors Heparin prevents clotting through increasing the activity of antithrombin III -competing with vitamin K inhibiling the action of plataelets removal of clotting factor Vill -precipitation Ca” Sibson nde neuropathy can be seen in all of the following EXCEPTParkinson’s disease |s characterized by paralysis of skeletal muscles tongue bitting rigidity frequent loss of consciousness. Which one of the following diseases causes ptosis myasthenia gravis Parkinson disease migraine upper motor neuron lesion epilepsy Headache caused by an increase in intracranial pressure is characterized by it is due to eating certain food like cheese it is associated with fever it is associated with stiff neck it is increased when person maves from lying pesition to standing position Migraine is seen more in males than females is dull pain involving the entire head could be caused by vasodilatation of extracranial blood vessels could be caused by eye refraction disorders Upper motor neuron lesion is characterized by Flaccid paralysis. atrophy of ep muscle positive babiniski response hyporeflexia appearance of fibriliation in the affected muscles Regarding different parts of the brain and their functions, choose the CORRECT one medulla oblongata frontal lobe. primary motor area origin of pyramidal tract primary sensory area upper motor neuron lesior EB "upper in "6 follwing could be seen during or after tonic clonic seizure attackdysdiadochokinesia headache amnesia