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Computer Fundamentals:
Fundamentals: Pradeep
Pradeep K.
K. Sinha
Sinha &
& Priti
Priti Sinha
Sinha
Write tape header label used to update the contents of tape header label
Back space one block rewinds the tape to the beginning of previous block
Track
§ The number of tracks on a
… …
199 disk may be as few as 40 on
small, low-capacity disks, to
several thousand on large,
high-capacity disks
A sector
Access arms
Surface - 4
assembly
Surface - 5
Lower surface
not used
One read/write
head per surface Central shaft
Direction of
movement of
access arms
assembly
Access arms
assembly
Vertical cross section of a disk system. There is one read/write head per
recording surface
Disk Formatting
Disk Formatting
(Continued from previous slide..)
Magnetic Disks
Floppy Disks
Floppy Disks
(Continued from previous slide..)
Drive spindle
hole in disk
5¼ - inch
5¼ - inch
A 5¼-inch floppy disk enclosed within jacket. The drive mechanism clamps
on to a portion of the disk exposed by the drive access opening in the jacket
Sliding metal
piece cover
3½” - inch
User’s label for
identification
Write-protect
plastic tab
3½” - inch
(b) A 3½ - inch floppy disk.
Hard Disks
Zip/Bernoulli Disks
Disk Packs
Winchester Disks
Winchester Disks
(Continued from previous slide..)
§ Has one long spiral track, which starts at the outer edge
and spirals inward to the center
§ Track is divided into equal size sectors
(a) Track pattern on an optical disk (b) Track pattern on a magnetic disk
= Number of sectors
× Number of bytes per sector
Laser Laser
beam beam
source source
Prism Prism
Sensor Sensor
Laser beam gets Laser beam gets
scattered by a pit reflect by a land
(represents 0) (represents1)
Land Land
Pit Land
Pit Pit
CD-ROM
CD-Read/Write (CD-RW)