Axtyaanunte npo6inemsi coppemennoii Haykn, dusuKa Teopermaccxaa duansa Bypazo C1, doxmop mexmumcenux na~ YK, npobeccop Mockoucrozo aeuayuor- ‘ovo wemumyma S@OVPODMHAMMUECKAR NPAPODA CHI TAXKECTH, MHEPLIAK V B3AMMOAEMCTBMA SNEMEHTAPHDIX SNEKTPHYECKHX 3APANOB dysiia sHaer saKoH HeloToHa 0 aceMHpHOM TeToTesM, Fropoi saxon HeioToHa o cine HHep- win, saKoH KyoHa 0 cimiax ssenMogelieTsHa siekTpHMeCKHX sapssion. Ho HeMsBecTHa MpHpORA Ret KaeH, OGbemUNMOMe|: 2TH aBAcHHA, BoeeKian # Hs0GpameMIM aCrpopisHKK Myra H pasos- ‘wena, Mup 803uHK MrHOBEHEO B pesyaeTaTe «GonRuNOTO RApABAD #3 «mepBoaTOMa 1 NDETEPIIER STenTOByIO CMepTe» LO:TACH PAZIETETKCS HO BCE CTOPOHM, OCTABAE rlOCAe COs IIyCTOR MeCTO. B crarbe npeanpwevstaetes nonnirka 2OKa2a7s, To OCHOROM CIEUA TKECTH, CHI HNEpLHE i CuzonoTO wsquMONElICTRNA STeKTPHNECKHX SApAIOR ABNACTER HATE Bo BectenHol MexsBEIA- oro 2pupHoro rasa, B 1968 f. waes cymecTaORRHA MEXY 3eZTEMH eBHAAMOM MATEpHE Ha ula CBOE TOATBEPACIENHE mh OTXPHITHK AMepAKAHCKHMM acTpoduaMKauit A. Tiewsracom ut P. Bratscouom pemxrosoro HulyNeHia, 3a KOTOPOE HM GuLla ApHEyACIENa HoGentencKat PEMA, Towike Guino obtapyxeno, #70 OHO coorseTeTRYeS HepHOTeNBHOMY HENYYENUIO TPH TeMmepatype T=2,75K. 970 osnauano, sro Bo Boeneniol nMeeTea HeBMIKMAN TeMHlaR MaTepma, WaNyaaoUtER oMeprino. Ona pankomepno pacnpeseicHa 8 MpOCTPANCTBC MEACY sHeaKaMM cocTaBNNeT 96% sceli mavepunt Boevennoii, Ha somo oGsiutoro GapHoHHoro ReMtecTEa, 1:3 KaTOpOFO cOLTOAT BCE reaa, ocractea wcero 4%. Mpennonaraiwor, 470 Temtias MaTepHx conepmKHT GombUyio TeMHyTO outeprin. Mut canrraes, uro Temas Matepua 1 ecrs opmprbit ras. Ox paptiomepno aantommaer Beesren- nyo, Om HeBHiaiM, He uMceT RaaKOCTH. Boe MaTepHAMMAME Tema, CT 3BEZA JO IeMEITEPHLIN sac Tw, RenpepsIBHO NorNoMmaoT abUp, KOTOPLIM saTeM AHYTpH Te MpeoOparyercs w MaTepUIO, ITOT Rpoltecc smseTes yenosnest cysecrsosaHns Tea. TIpw ero HapyIMeHits MaTepUA YACTHEDHO JU RONMOeTHIO pacriadaeTer Ha Tomer 3KpA, [pw TOM MporicxogHT sees KpyroRopoT MaTepAL % sueprin, Harectno, «ro eme 1. Hatoron mbrtaacs oGsacHHTS TaTOTeHKe RovoKaNn apa K HeNTpaM keGecubix Tex. Eean taxue noroxi BRytps Tell c Maccama M Hm CYMIeCTAYOT, TO MOXHO OAR Her, 470 Tena yoNeKMOTeR apyr x APYTY oTuMA: TOTOKAMH. OaHako, HbioTON He cymem paneitts ary uaeto. Yr0Ou1 ee peatis0DaTb, MoI NPHHALIA OeRKWABIe Ha Hall BIPRAA AOTTVINeKINA 1. Cnoco6noers Tex nornouters pupa ras MOxHO OxapakTepHsovArL BEMTHHOI y Yo pacxouta Macc: xupnoro rasa Hepes cipepHYECKYKO HOBEPAHOCTS B EXUEMTY Bpercerti lembue- grdmgdt=4nrp Vee @ THE Pe ~ HNOTHOCTS xdpupKOro rasa; Vy_e— PAAHAIDHAA CKOPOCTS No HaNpaBeHHIO K WENTpaM TeX: Hpaiianssas Koopannata, OvenMaHO, TO NOTOKH adsipa k UeNTpAM Ten sansteaT OT MaCCEA THX ‘Ten m. Tostomy npesmonaraes, to yslexbHble PacKoabI RPONOPAHOUTDHE! HX MaceaM Q) g-noxbimmext yaensuoro pacxona. pKp, Notas K Teo, He CraHosieTeR cpasy MarepuasIOM 970TO Tes, Te, OF, Nepecekan sHEMIMOI FpaHNUY TeNa, He MpHOGpeTacT epasy cROHCTEO nOFNO- Liars apyrue Kopunn supa ws oxpysxawoitero mpocrpancrea. Tlo-BaumMoMy, ® npupoe aciicTEy- er mpoutece npeobpascxanux supa 8 Gapuontylo MaTepiid. B ensaH ¢ 9THM AOYCKAeM, TO CKO~ pocTh nocrynieiAR abupa BAYTpE soGOTO Tesla dm, HesaBHICTINO OT ero XHMIYECKOrO cocTaBA 132Axrya.thupte mpo6aempl cospemennioi wayKu, A 6, 2006 4H waiteckoro cocToRHHs, npAMO mponlopunouansHa cxopocra oGpazoaana HOBO MaccAl Tea dmidt dm Jét-kedm/dt @ rae k-xoodbaument ckopocti oGpasonaniia Macess GapHoMnbx Ten H9 dupa, Baten teRyT0 YACTS 9FOTO ypaBHeHHa c NoMomtBro (2), NomyHHM évdt(askjm 4 Alpountterpuponan 90 aEIpaKeHHe, TOTYWACM 3AKOH HOMEHERHR MACCEI OF BEMEHT H3-34 ft0- PHOMeHiA TenOM abupa Hs OKpYAaIoMerO NpoCTPARCTBA m=mge"™*, 3 Tote Mo-Macca Tea B MOMENT BpeMentt t=0. 310 B NOAKOH Mepe oTHOcHTER K Commmy, BexaTe 1. ApYTHM qlaHeTam. CKopocTs, ¢ KOTOPOH CTPYH spa WepecexaloT NOBEPXHOCTS Teva, MORHO 32- RitcaTs B BHAC Vgramnldr: peta? @ Ocraeres onpeeMTe MIOTHOCYS abupa pe Koad enti aatk, Jas store oGparaMes x saKoKy Beemmporo TH roreana 1 pac. 1, B nose Teteaus oxos1o MaccHBHore Tena YaenbHeme waccostm pacxogow opupa Q HaxomHTes Ha pac- ‘croaunst r apyroe Teno MenbITEX pasMepon co eDouM yxerti~ HbiM pRcxo.1OM g, CreiOBATeNBHO, Ha Mas1Oe TexIO HaGeraer PABHOMEpHErit MOTOK c NocTOAHHO!! cKopocTLo, KanpasicH- nofl K nentpy Sombuore Tena Vee Qan pa? o Macca sibipa, execeryiato noriotuaemas WaNbIN TENON qt, Tepaer eBore cKopocte Vie 10 Kyna. B pesy.ibrare nove: PWC KOAMHECTUa ABHKEHHA STOR MaCcOH NosBAKETeR UNUIYBC cit Fedt, KOTOpEL OnpeTenaeT cH ay sosnelicresia xbxpa Ha Masioe Teno @ HanpanneHme So.toitioro Tena am, Fe (8) amp. (8) C raKoH 2xe cHOH Manoe Teo BoaeReTRyeT Yepes Hose Supa Ka Go.thinoe. Conoctantaa TOAYSeHHOE ALIPAKEUNE ¢ IAKOKOM HbWTOHA, HAXOIIA CARI MEY TapAMerpANtt SMiP2 OH Pe HW DOCTOANHOM TATOTEHMA folidape (9) Tne £6,7-10%em?/rc?=6,7:10" Howcixr®, Yrobei noayywts 2e ypaanenne ana onperenenna HHTepecyroNIMX Hac REAMUHH, samuLIeM BEIpaKeHMe (6) M14 CKOPOCTH Ha NoREpXMoCTH CaMoii Ma nenbKOM H saoTHOH m3 MsBeCTHEX sHeaH-sHesay Geb KapniKe Boas-457 c mapamerpama M=1,01-10"kr H 19=0,7:105w. Tloaraem, sro 27a ckopocte He mpeanuiaer 3HaveHus cxopocTH onera Bnyctote C=3-10'we Vist oMiare-paty'upa upoUcKoRAT 6e3 MoTeps 3Hep- Fini mo 2aKoHaM CoYAapeHIO yupYTHX urapoR, BAYTPEHKAS HEDTHA eaMHTHN! Macs OGAEROTO raga sanmcsipaetes topwyAofi UsQT=iax, rae C,-yelenbaaa Tenn0éMKocTs rasa MPH TOCTOANHOM oOvéme: T-remneparypa; imuicno cre nenelé cB060,0b1 MOMIEKYsIbI Ta3a; a-CKOPOCTH 3BYKA B PACCMATPHBSENOM TAI; HOKAIATETS 13OIH- pons x=(i+2)/i . Jaa abupwovo rasa 97a (bopmyaa nepenncemactes B BIC: UeeAiC/2K20,9-C,7, (3) rae 10° we — ckopocts pacnpoctpanensis cnaGsix BOSMyUIeHHii ® CHOKOHHOM >>pMPROM rare (conntanaer co exopoctsio eneta). Baecto MoneKyam »pupHoro vasa Gepérca arom abupa c unicnom creneselt cnoGorbt 13 Kak ¥ MarepHaéHOl Tow, TIpy stom K=5/3. Coraacto dopmyaae (13) axyrpenwas ouepris, corepxauranca » Kakiom xyOusecKoN MeTpe cnoKOHOTD opus 0%em), pasta ovens GosTauIO# RemHNA: Ere0,898-C2, peVi=8,7.10¥ pr, 7-10 Zo. a4) Dueprenixa KoeMoca nefiereHtessHo orpora. Oaraxo 31a 2Heprn® HeTIocpereTnEHNO He- ‘OULYyTHMA {Ea RENIN OpTaHOB IYBCTR, TaICKe KAK slepHaR IHeprHa (LO TEX Op, NOKA He MpoHBo;- et Bspsin). Tem He Meee, HMeHHO OF8 pacxoNyeTCR Ka opraHNsaUino paslManbHbr Texter ads Pa k MZrepHambHsM TexAM BeeneHHoF. TosToMy met, OOBISHEIE MOH, HMEEM Jes10 TOBE C OP- Farmaosarmnm TeveieM opirpa K HeNTpy 3enumH H OLIYIUAeM ETO KAK CHity THKecTA. Hanes 19 Yypasexua wso9NTpoMs OMpeNeni BENAUAHY AARICHRA B eBOSMYTICHHOM Tone HPA Pe=PeC7/K=6,426-10" His? as) Tax xe, Kak » paGore [4], Gynem cusrrars, «ro TeMtleparypa pensixronore dorronoro HsAyIe- uns axaaetes oanonpemestio Tewnepatypoii Texmoll MaTepHMH H, creOsaTeRbNO, TeMlepatypoit cnoxoituore supa TeH2,75K (16) Dro nosmoaxer ay NonyyHTE cute pax GIDITIECKHX Napamenpos supHOrO rasa, Jaa 9Toro O6paTHMcs K ypaRHeKInO cocToRKHE HewnbHOro Tase, [IpsssexTenbaTO x xpuPY ero MoxHO 3arHI- camp » Buae a7) 134Akryaabubie npoGnembi conpemennoit nayKn, Ne 6, 2006 rae b=1,38-10" (Jx/K] — noctosutas Borteumana, Yeuroisas, sro 310 ypasnenne conepaKHT MHCIEHRBIC IHAYCHHA, CBNSAHHEIE © OOLIMHDIM NOHATHEM MaCCbi H IINOTHOCTH GapHonHoro BeLe- 7a, B KaNecTRE moTHOCTH 3bupa Ham CHEAYET OpuTe aHaseEHE p,', onpereNteMoe dopwynok (56). Orciona waxozum Maccy oanoro aroma xbupa menb-Te-pe'/pe=2,09-10 "Kr (8) “nco aTomon >upa 8 oom KyGuNecKOM MeTpe, KaK Mit ¥ npeanomarant, orpOMTHO ne=pe"/m_=0,1 7-104? cg) PasMep onH070 aroma supa b Tom cmyaae MoxNo onpexeUlITe 13 cooTHOLIEHHA 3m, = 0,62-10° 4np, rae 5-10" er4'—aurorHocTs pa aroma soaopoma. ZLia epapiiennia paanye aroro saps r OGsex ontoro aroma Sopp Wocrth/po=2,09-107%a03 en Ans cpanueniin oGuem apa aroMa sossopona Werr4rte /3 419-10 a? 2) Yuca0 aromon adupa, pacnonoxenieix BHYTPH Spa aroMa BOdOpOIA BRAOTHY!O Ayr K Apy- FY, onasbinaeTes pauiin Toe Was! Woe™2-10° @3) Tip pasHoMeptom wocrymienHA TOMoS apa BEYTPS APA aToMa BorOposIa B TeuEHHE 1Ssurpa.set (4,71-10'7e) xaokayio cexysay Jonamo Sbis0 TOMATars OKO 0,425-10" exe ato- mow aebxpa. S@UPOAMHAMMKA OB MHEPUMOHHOM MACCE Kak we etpanno, Ho sonyueHume suayenua Koxpbuunenta o=le' W moTHOCTH supa Pe=L,19-10°Kr/M? eraaar BoNpOC He TOTBKO o TOM, 4TO Cobo! NpexCTaRAer OUP, HO H RONpoC o TOM, UDABIUADHO AH CeTORHA NOHUMAeTCR Macca SapHOUTSIK ten? Tleppoe, ‘ro nopaxaer, rax 970 orpomean MAOTHOCTH pupa, Dro MpoTHROpeHMT YCTEHORKR- memycs npeacrasienio 06 supe, Kak o TOHKOH, MpermsruaiiHo paspexeMuol epee, KOTOpAA cry cRoci paspexenHocTit Ke MeMIAeT ABICKEHIKO InaHeT W ApYTUX HEGeCHLX Te TO HX OpoN= Tay, BosiHxaet nompoc, ne MoMemacr sm GomsiaX MAOTHOCTH >puPHOLO Tas ZABHGKEKHGO Te PasGepem 970 Ha npumepe, PaccmorpHM mittoTemveckyio Mpocrpaxcraciayio peiGoi0BHyEO CeTs ¢ xpymEient setiKaam. Ee Cpe THOTHOCTS, a He LIOTHOCTL OTHENEHBE HHTeli, ReBETHKA MO CPaBHeHHO ¢ MMOTHOCTEO HOaHL Eoin yoemrupars paomep m4e0K, 10 STy cpemno MmOTHOETS MoNKIIO GataTS Ka yroguO Manoll, Ho pH atoM cers Gyzter nerko NpoxomTE cknose Bory. Tem Zerye, 4em spynuee Oyslyt ee meifxat, Taxoe Yorpoiicrao perSaioBHoli cera MonemIpyer eOMapHYO CTPYKTypY GonbiLMLCTBA MABEPAOB, IC KOTO- PSE cocroHT Jenne Ht Apyrie nnaBeTis, Y aGNKOCTEN H TAIOB MEKTYGTOMHbIE PACCTOMIBLT HMEIOT NO= panox 10" 1 Gomee, B 10 2K€ ppewa puaMepal SHlep ATOMOB ITHX HOLTKOCTeH # Ta30B COCTABIIAKOT BCeTO aun 10M. Mertarysaepibre pacctosHins CTAHORATCR HEMBICTUMO OTPOMHLIMH, CCTM IX HIMEpRT He- AUNGLHAMH pasMepos aToMa abHpa 1.=10M. Crenosaremsto, IPA ATOMOB, 3 KOTOPSIX COCTOAT Mate KVMS caNOH Tera, B TOM GHCHC, MAMWETHN W SBeSAM He MOTYT Gasrs HempeORomIMol noMeXOH AN ABKI- 2KCHTIA THX Ten CBOE IMP KN AE Tew pupa CKBORE Ter 135Axryanbunie npobemnt coppementoii nayKu, A? 6, 2006 (Ciutouan neaaaKas cpesta oxassinaeT conpoTHANEHNe ToAbNO Tenax, ABWRYAINMCA THBO C YC- Kopente, 160 ¢ SaMeTeMHeM, A 9TO HMEHHO TO, HTO MI BHAHM B NPApOAE ABHAKEHA HEGECHLX Ten. Jaw ObmacHeuns 31x ocoGeHROCTeH cHOBOTO ESANMOReICTANA MEALIY cTIROMIHOfi cpesTOH i ABIDKYINMNCA TeTAMH yuenbie B. Tomiicon Tat B Hoe BpeMA paspaborain Teopine HpUcoeEAH- HeAURLIX Mace. Bes Hee, HANpHMED, HETEIA MpARIETEHO PACCHHTAMD MOET aMpYEAABNA, ¥ KOTOPOTO WI 38 OTPOMHOTO OBLeM HMeeres GomMas MpHCoeRHNCHNAs Macca. B caxsit-c STAM BOsAKAET YRC PCUHOCTD B TOM, WTO y MatepHAMEABN Tex BeenenHioll HET HHOH Macchi, KpoMe Maccli, OBYCHOBEH- oli 1x paanMozelicraney € nomex apupa, To CyTH, 970 # ects HpHeoeAAHeHHEIE MACED. Cornacno noapeniiam Merona MpHcoemuHeMAbIx Macc GysteM PaceMaTpaBarl cpeay opmpa BMeCTe € ABHAYININCS B Hell THEPALIM TEIOM KaK exIMHYIO MExaHMAecKyIO ccTeMY. IIPH 970M pa Gora xeiiCTRYIOLIIEX Ha Teno cHr Byer CARIANA ¢ MOMeHEHTEM KUHETHMECKOH 3HEPrHH OKPYKAO- ero adupa MAK MMITysIBCOM THX CHIT Ht CHRSAMKOTO C HIM HSMEHEHHER KOAHMECTERA /IBHOKCHDE, B davaqbunié nepso saioxeres, @to6u pases ckopocts OT Hyuia s10 V, Teno omEHO 3arpa- ‘THATe IHeprHtO Ha HpeonoTeHHE IHepuENE HacTHN cpeste SdMpa, Iva Ihepra cOxpamercs B Hei H Oc TOTO, KAK CKOPOCTH Testa AOCTATHET TOCTORMHOT BEKUMHEL V. T.c. OKAIBIBAETER, TO HIME HOHHe KHHETINNECKOH OneprHM cpeus! pupa TeCHO BABAR ¢ cHIOH BOIREHCTRNK Ha Hee Tea, AWRYUIETOCS ¢ YCKOPERNEM j. ITO HAMeHENME KHHETAYECKOIT sHeprHM GecnpereMEHOH cpesEl, SHIRGKHOE TBIOEHHEM Tena, i METO:IC TPMCOCAMMEHEBIX Macc HPCACTAR:INIOT KAK KUETAIECKYIO dHeprmio KeKOTOpOl, KAK Gsi cocpenoTOyeNHIOl Nace! ITOH cpemBl, BEE HACTIH KoTOpoH ABH TaYTEA C OMMHAKOBO!S CKOPOETHIO, PABHO!E cKOPOCTH Teme, SdepexruBrlyi0 cocpeTOTONEHRYIO Muccy saskibator mpicoeqMMeHHoit maccoH Tena. Tokaxess Teopemy: MpMCoeIuMeHHAN Macca «Tena-croKa» pauHa vae:ieHOMY vacconomy pucxoay odmpa (OKDVARIOMEH cHTOMINOH chem) 9TOrO cToKa, VMNOxCHHOMY Wa EXMHHNY peMeni. Mil Yate OTMexat, WTO MeAGBeaIDIi odup esoBorHO MpomHsKBaeT AMDKYuIMECR Tena, o6Te- xan ToMbKO ONE THIOTINIE Rapa avoMos, TIPHNEM, Lapa ATOMS HenpepsrmAn RoraowoMT xuipHAT aa, KpOTOpEI Ha TpaHANIe Sep EPEXOAWT n PABAKOE COCTORUH (XNPa RFONOB NPEACTARIAICT CO- Gof c1oKn wi o*mpa). Crok c yaenbitbiM MaCCOREIM PACKOOM q COSARET BOKPYT COOR B OKPYAAIO~ went 9pupe mone cKopocTe. MooTOMY, YeKOPEHHOMY RIM SAMe:LIENHOMY eTO JB;KEIMO Byer cO- OTBETCTBORAT® ONPEAeNeHHA NPMCOEMMHeHHa Macca opMpa m,’. Y ABIOKyMeOCR B cHNOUMeH epere HenpoHHuaenoro eepw¥eckoro Teua ect cBOx MPHCOEMMREHTIAR Macca, BeMHAGTHA KOTOpOT! saBuch OF paaiyca edpepetf, TlomaraeM, #70 pit HeXOTOpOM SHANCHHR pasliyca TAT," 91H MIpi- cocanennnie macebr Oyayt papabt. Hyatio anu aT0r paxnye. Tora mpmcoesHnennan Macca CTOK® Mower OhiTh onpeleseia kak mpHcoemMeHnaR Macca cAepet C ITHM pasTEYCON. Tlozaras, 70 spa aronon HMCIOT KpYrayio opMy, saumueM BiIpaxere A MprTcoesUeH- oil maces ma’ ecbepreckoro Teva [13] ¢ pasNepaNn sip aTOMe Tena, AMMKYmeTOCA YeKOpEHO sam seMeareno sepes sdpnprist rea Mge'=0,5peWoe=2tttor Pel (24) rae We, 06beM sipa aTOMa Tenia. TesrpamMyc spa aToMa. Jlanee c HOMOUIIO BHIpAARCHHE (2) JAIMIEM BuipemenHe RIA YaemsHOTO pacxoza supa qq, NOTOLEMOTO OTENENEIM ATOMOM TENA © MAaCCOH Ma M PAXMYCOM ANP ATOMA To qan dine dt to: peV rome 7128 Toe PeV rece! oe (5) Conocranasa (24) n (25), HaxOaMM CRAIE MOHKIY YIENbULIM MACCOBBIM packODOM IxpHpa, 0 THOWEMOTO ATOMOM TesTa, H MPHCOEAMMEHHOH MaCCOM Apa 3TOTO ATOMA Mize K, CAGLOBATENIDHO, Boero aTOMa (9eKTpOMI He yuiKTEIDAKOTCA) anaes mi, Sse, 26) 136Axtyaspuste npobaempi conpementoi aaykn, 4? 6, 2006 C roompio (2) samennn ynenbibili Maccostitt pacxog qq aToMa Ha cro Maccy ma. B pesyiti- ‘rave ompemenuM case Mexay HHEpUHORHO! Waccoil aroma Tena H ero NpucoemHHCHHON Maccom Veg Mags Me Q7) ar, Tlockonsxy MatepnaibHeie Tena uMelor aToMepHylo CTpyKTypy, To-yalenbabill MaccoBbAfl pac- xom H nNepnmoRHag Macca moGoro Tesla Gyser AbIpaMKaTbcx Yepes CYMMY NPHCOSAMKEHIEIX Mace BCX COCTABILINOILX ero aTOMOE B CooTHETCTBAK © bopmynann (24)~ (27). Tpoaomanc rau anaua opmyn (26) x (27). Bem 8 aTHx dhopmyaax Maoxurens OAHTS paBALIM eaMIALE, TO Macca KARWTOTO ATOMA Tesla Ma GyneT paBwa NpiCoeAKENO! Macce 2gupa aaipa aroma 270ro TEMA Nye” OV iu! tor! 8) His storo cocrmomenua naiinem, Karim Homer Gort adipextHAneii pamtye aapa ATOM fy” (foe=>Tor'), #FOGDI yonowne (28) muITTOTHAIOCE te" OV edt 28) Sanennia B 9TOM BMpAACHHH CKOPOCTE Vion BIPWKEH HEM (6) JLIA cibepirdecKoll HoBepRHOCTH pAAMYCa fos", OKPYRaKOMLEl APO aTOMA, Vigor=reem / 4nper,y . Tloene stare paapeummM nostyyeNKoe ypaunenie otuocuTesbHo 2g ipextimvoro panuyea. Jax Maccer nporona m=1,7-10” er 3m . he agp. 8810" e) Floacranna (29) » (24), noaywin cpsse sMersay MpHeoeTHHeHHON Maccoft it uNepUHOHHOT saccol m=me 30) Bameniia accy ¢ nomontito (2) Ha ymrensHBil Maccowsili pacxout apuipa im, =9/c, BY ‘iro it TpeSosatocs doxasere. Tlomyennsiti pesynetaT MOXIO MpliMenaTs B apyr#x taza4AX THAPOAMHAMHK, B KOTOPMX TPeGyeTcH SHaHMe MPUCOGAMHEHHOT! Maccel CTOKA (HLH HCTONAHKA), ‘OGnacts, saxmoveHHas BHYTPH cepht ¢ 2DEKTHBHBIM PATHYCOM fy," ONPETENAEMAIM HS YC~ nostia (29), OxRaTHIBET #A1pO ATOMA. Ibdextususi PAtyc To,” ONp|xéer pasmep eeprseckoit OONACTH, BHYTPH KOTOPOH YCAOBHO BCE ATOMEI UPA LBHAKYTCR C ORHHAKOBO! cKOpOCTEIO. B cO- OTRETCTBHA © HaeAMH MeTO;a TIPHCOEAMHEHNBIX MACE 37a EKOpOCTS pana CKOPOCTH TENA, a KHNE- ‘TH1ecKag SHCPTHA aTOMOB >bupa BuyTpH >TO OGNACTH paBHa HIMEHeHHIO KHHETHYECKOA IHEprmnt Gecrpetensnoit cpemsi Hhupa, soranasoro ADWACHEEN Tema. Te. Pew HNET HEKMOMATENEHO 0 B3aHMOselCTBHH Tela C OKPYaIOMCi CpEmoi. Bumomennsti atany3 NO3RONAeT yrBepIATE, YTO Macca a1HOHo! srepHaabnore Yera \craBaser coGoil_ cymmal mpucoequne lacey 31 A BCX AJep ATOMOB, COCTAB- ‘AMOUMEE 279 Tea, Dopmynsi (30) (31) noKazeiBaoT, 4TO HHEpUMOHMAR wacca Tea HE ABIReTCH 3aFAION HIM, HeoSysICHMMIIM ceolicrBoM caxsoro Teaa. To cBoeli upupoxe oa wBAZETEA cux0BO! peakunedl fons supa wa yeKopemuoe 11 3aMey jowxeniue Teva M onpelieamerca Neper upucoeammennyio Maccy 2dupa. Ecrecrsenio, 470 ata Macca onpesensetea napsMeTpams pHp- HOTO Ta%a, aZlep ATOMOB Teal H CUOCOSHOETHO ATOMOR Ten NOrAOUIATD aupHisit ra3 HB OKPYAAIO- 137Axtyanbante npo6aemsi cospementoii naykn, ¥ 6, 2006 lero npocrpaxcrsa. HIMenHo npicoemiuenias Macca ABRAETOH KOYECTREHHON MepOlL MHEPLIH ‘Tela, NOTH ON TOMY TenY He MpHFRAIAEAHT, a TONbKO MpHcoeHeHA K HEM, TK. BIpAKaeres Nepes yaemsiretii waccowetit pacxon supa qudmedt HroGer He BEOAHTe HOBYIO TepMNNONOTN, B AsDHCHIEM NHCOEAMMERHEE MacebL rea Gye npmnisino wasuipaTe Wx saccamm, a Macks YactHn supa Gyaem oGostiaaTE HHeK: Om Ge», HANDHMED M, : Vv CC yrerow nomysennoro pesyabrata cny wepign Tena, apioKyINerceR © yeKopennen “Tw BOMIYKE IAI HOE B SeMABIX YETOBHAX, MOAKHO 3enHcaTk bopMy.20% av dt (+m) 32) B roi Ghopmyne m mBascrex maccoii Tena, Mbi Telleps sHaeM, TO Oa onpenesHereR Yepes TMPHooeAUNEHHEIE MacceI a*Hpa sep BeeX ATOMOB Tea B COOTBETCTEKE c bopmysamu (24), (27) (28). m’ — npueoesHmennaa Macca posayxa 9f0r0 Tens. B aonoskcnue samernM, 470 Macca GapMonMBIx Tea, KaK 9¥O CreayeT W3 ypaBHenys (3) npy aL 0.1 ct JCLUCCTRA BHYTPM Tea, a KAK Obi cAaNMeTATOMY 9THX Te], Te. KOTMYECTROM SHPA, KOTOPOE 5TH TeIa CHOCOGHEI NOLIOTHTL 38 CIBUBEY BpeMcHy, Cregopatentne, Macca mnoGoro Tea onpeacaacTcr MACCOH SAPS, RORTEYCHEON B ABHKEHHE 10 PILIMYeAM K LeHZpAM KOXKIOTO M3 970K Ten, CANO TIPEACTABKEMHe 0 MaCCaX Ten OKaSLIAETER CBR 2aHHSIM © KOANCCTBOM ABIEACHAN H OMEprHEH Mace DbupA, HAXOAMWANCH ERE STH TEM, HO BO~ RIOueHHENK B ARINKEMIKE K HX HeHTPAN 15-38 NoTsoMEHs Ibupa. Bosapauiasce X BOMpOCY 0 TOM, OLIYLLAET 7 KEKALIT YeNONEK cHIOBOE Bo3LLelicTEME 2vbMpA, OF- CTEM, 170 KOKABH YeTOBEK OULYMaET Ha ceBe 310 BOSMelicTENe B HIE NARAMel CHUA THKECTH, B DuGe CHALE RHEPIUG B MOMeHTH parmona mau TopMowkeHua. Boe warm mpuppruki, yorpolicrsa We xanvaMor DYHEWDIONEpyiOT C yHeTOM 970TO RosRelicTHUK. Tlopolt, KaK MBI 3HaeM, HeaooueHKa 97070 MpHBogHT K TparHNecKHM nocneycraMam. TombKo BHPaKcs NpsMOmUHElH c MOCTOSHHOH cKopo- CTBIO, YETOBEK MOKET Wa BPENT SAOHIT O cyuecTBORARHH supa. Yuwnsiwas, Hr HMeHNO xbup omar exiTy MEepLPEH MpH YeKOpeHTiO. ABIEKeHHH Tet CHAY TAKECTH (HPHTAATEHH), MORHO 10~ HOTS, WTO OK HE MoxeT Gurrh HOSTHUECKH GecTenecHAIM, a JOMKEH HMeTb SORBITYIO TIOTROCTE H MHEpIHOHHOCTS C apyroii cropoust Gsy10 Gu crpawHo oxiATe, wo Henecomslif, YpesBHIAtHO paspexKenHHlil 2émp, Haw dramsreeK BaKyYM, MOF cosmanars BROMHE OUIyTHMYIO, a nOpO OrpOMNVIO ciMy THe xkecTR, [Ja eulle KaKWM-TO 4yJOM MOF cTeKaTe B Gogee TIOTHBIE Tema, AcHO, 4To xbup He TOMbKO HAXOAMTCA BOKDYT Tes, HO H MPOBHSHIBAeT 3TH Tena. TlosTOMy, HecMOTpA Ha GONbILYIO MNOTHOCTS OapHORKBIX Tell, BAYTPH THX HMEeTCR NoHWKEHHOE JaRTeHHE supa No cpaEHcHHO ¢ AawteHEN 80 BHELIHEM fone 9upa. ITO H 3acTaBAAET dup CreKATb BAYTPE ITHX TEN. Monkiia oxki.aa7h, To BAYTPH Tex TasoOGpasHBill obHp MepeXONHT B akHAKOE cocTosHUe. Tipu TOM, aos! 3upa pachonar@oter BILIOTHYIO APY? K Apyry. Uses HusTOAHO MambIE COGCTREH- HiGle PasMepsl, OHH JaRMMALOT ONeH Manbiii oGzem, ToxTOMy Mepexox rasooGpasHore pupa 5 2xULKOE COCTOANHC BHYTDH ATOMOR Téa PACTATHBAETCR Ha MALATHAPADI er. To H oGectTE-MABAeT HenpepMIBHEMi Mpouece Mornontenna supa TenaMH H3 OKpYACA‘OMLETO TIPOCTPAHCTEA, ‘Yoke Ho pACCMOTPENHBIX cOOOpaXEHHH CeayeT, WO Mpuposs ape v GapyosuEX Tes pas- nauna. TosroMy MMIOTHOCTS W Maccy 3upa HETBIA OTORIECTRINTE ¢ HIOTHOCTAIO H Maccolt Sapnomntax rea. Spup maponoro npocrpatiersa HowAMe sueprait oGsaqaer waccoH, wuepustel, KOnI4eCTBOM ABHoKeHS, TToroK adupa NepeTaer CBOE KONHECTBO ABHACHIKH MaTEpHATEATLIM TC aM H OKAEINACT HA THK cHiTOROE ROAReTICTANe. SDAP, HAXOAAUBIMER BHYTPH Tes, B OTPHIBE OT adupa miponoro mpoctpancrsa npoanaseT CBOHCTBA MHepUNM H KOMMeCTBA ABIOKEHUA Hepes Macy Ten, NpoMopyHOHaTeAyI Macce adupa, EXECEKYRAHO MOTMOMIAEMOTO TEMOM. 138)Awtyasmusre mpo6siembt conpemennoit naykn, M2 6, 2006 mp HePBNYEN, a MatepHam Hux cpojicrsa eropusnst. AromBs, 21eKerporty, nperouni, eHTpoHint H APYrHe JsieMenTapHHe VACUUM BeMceTHA NpEACTABAH = ‘ToHoMmEe MupORAxpH ny sdapa. Kanne Texeuuil 2upa @ THX BHXDAX Ha NporH. men (cn GonbINOH JHeprHich, JAK HOYEHTO! B Mose Ibupa, H nepegavei act orofl s¥eprnn oMecre ¢ HoroMenHBt™ sdupom MatepHaseniM 7" Macca HG KorMuecTBa Noraoulennoro pane 3A, a NI ramaseT coGoit Mepy exaMMogeficTAHa Tea ¢ >xbupoM MMpOROFO npocrpaNcTBA. Vimeerca elie 010 cooGpaxenie B hoassy Sombwol maoTKCTH aibupa. B paxe paGor cuay TAKCCTH NBITAOTCH OBbCHHTs GOMGapAHPORKOH Ten TOTOKAMH IeMeHTApHDIX “ACTHLL, H3:1y- saewoix seesaw, B 31Hx paGoTax CHHIGeTCA, WTO BCE MPOCTpaHCTRO NpOHMSAHO 30, BCX Ha MpapaeMHAX ITHMK TlOTOKAMH. OaHaKO, Tpit ITOM He MPOBEPACTCA, KAKYLO IHEPrHNO WeeyT € cO- Goli 9ru notoRH. PaxGepem sry mpoSnemy Ha MpHMepe. MycTs ToTOK wayYeuHs, HscroutT mnoTHocts p= 10xr/s', GomGapaupyer Yenowexa ¢ Maceo tesa m=100Kr. flonyctHM, 470 Bete HOTOK, NOAXOASINi K Teay YeNOBeKA Ha MmOULARH ero cHlAyaTA F=lM co eKopocTHIO V,,, H1OAHO= evbI0 TOPMOAMTCA H Hepesact CBoe KOTHNYECTEO ABIKEHMA HENOREKY, B PEsyABTaTE ero BOHN act cia TKecTH mg VF (V0) 3nece p-V-F-Macooniait packon. Orxysta nosTy'aeM 3HaeHHe CKODOCTH ToTOKOB usnyueHi K uerTpy 3emam V.=0,32-10' wc. Mouutocts, tpHBHeceHHUA NOTOKOM B Tez0 HeTOBeKa N=p-VpF-V?/2=1,6-10" Br. 3) Bro orpownas Mouviocr.. CornacHo 3aKoHy cOXpawenma oueprun np TopMOXxeHICH MOTOKA efO KUMETUMECKAR 9HEPEHA HEMIKOM [lepeXOIHT B TEHO, TAX. MOTOKH H3NYYeKHA cocTOAT 13 obtesttnex GapHonnnix YacTatL ACHO, WTO mOGoE Teno MrHOMeKO HeperpeereR Mt Gy.zeT paspyue- no, Hem MeHbule IAOTHOCTE HOTOKA HAM MeuBUAX eTO UACTE 3ANeOAUINAETER B TEAL, Teo GONBLIC OTpeBYeTCA CKOPOCTE, YTOBBI COMIATH HeOBxOAHMyTO cUsTy THKECTH, H Teo Gombe Eyer MODE ena MoUnIOCTE, CHIbI B3AHMOJEHCTBAA MEXKAY NOTOKOM IOHPA. HUIBHKYUMMCA TEIOM Cymsmpya pesynsTarb mpemuiyuihx HOCTEAOSAHK, OTMETAM PemIaIortyIO pot mpontery= ‘TosMoi (mexay Texamn) cpeaes 8 ORAM H_OMpeMENeHMH CHL TATOTEMHS H [avepnint. Pasvarsnie B oGreKan Tei OGeisaieiMGl Tasant we axbMPOM COCTOUT & TOM, HO Tela HAIR Of Hemponnaenenet six OBGNnIKIX FazOR, HO MerKO NpoHHSBIBAIOTCA bupoM HackBO3s. Tosronty: susopoe BuanMogelicTone Tea ¢ 2bUpOM CKAATEIRACTER 3 CHI, eMiCTRYIOMAX Ha KAACTEHL HX ATOM B OTAeTRHOCTH rH CHAM B £22080 IMMAMUKE HAIBIBAKNT YaccoBLAMM. HIpO aTOMA ABIL fea ONedTs MOTHEIM OGpazonaHtieM H He MpOTTyCKAET HHP cKBO3E COOK (Pya,=10" KIS), Tevenie Bue aTOMA xanaetca noTeHitHarbHaM (Ges6HxpesbiM). Tostomy pemtenne sana 0 cunonoM BiayMoneHfCTBHN Ter ¢ APHPOM MONO MOAYHATS METOAOM HANOKEHH OTEHUIUIbIX DOTOKOS AUK sOGOTO Hea MaTepHanbHGIX Tex. To Core MOKHO OTIETEHO HeoeOBATE 3a7a4y OGTeKAMHA Ten-cTOKOB PaBHOMeEPHBIM NOTOKOM xpupa H pesy:tETaT ACGaBHTS K napanoKcy T’AnamGepa-Diinepa Gea norsiomensts bapa. Mat ripHasiKAK ONpeneaAT cHny HHEpuNRA, KeMeT- SyIOULyIO Ha Tema, ¢ MOMOUIHKY KACCHHECKOH TEOPEMBI HMMYATBCOB F*-dt=-d(m-V) 4) orkynaAxcryaamitte mpo6.nems1 cospementioi Hayku, A 6, 2006 (5) ‘Dro Buipaxkenne onperesser cRMY HHepniN Tena. Mbt Yoke OTMewamtH, ¥T0 compemeHnan HayKa PAceMarpyRacT Sty CMY KaK HEYTO, He HOeaitiee OGuacHEHMiO. IdMpomNHAMUKA cHHTICT: ro cH: IM MBANCTCR CHAOH peaKMAM NOTA supa Ha yKOpENNOE aBUEKeHME Ted Tipu asioxenim rena ¢ yexopenitem 5 Mone sihupa TesO TOMAHO ZaTpaTHTD IHEprHO Ha Ipeonoste- Hie HHepuNH HacrHi ORPY>RaIOMIeH Cpenb. Ita sHCprHs COXPAHACTCR 6 Heli 8 BHLIC KUHETHECKOT oneprin. Koraa ckepocts Tele aocrHraet nocToRHHOH BemHMAN H Goslee ve WoMerieTeR, Rah Heliuiaa sarpara oHeprax npexpamactes H Cia cONpOTHANICHHNE 14 OCHOBARKN napanoKea JlanaM- Sepa -Diktepa cranounres pasHoll Hyne. B pasnurte oToro mpencrassenun © npHpoe CHI HNepIUN saexra4 Mpupoct Macc! Tella BoTeNcTaHe MornoMieHHs Hpspe va OKPYKaIOMeTO MpO- cipariorsa ¢ nowoutto ypansertnit (2) 1 3) ~m=—— —— Vm (36) ‘Sra citaa Beeraa Hanpannena B cropory mpoTuBoNOmOAHyIO YeKopeHIO. OzwaKo poaKUHs: NO- Toxa sdupa na asinxyulecea Teno He HCepnetRaeTeK ypasiieniieM (36). TlockombRy Tena aIoxyren B CIMOMHOM cpene Xcupa, TO HesaBHCHMO OF cOBcTReHHOI CKOPOCTH OHH NorOMaTOT TOTOKeH- HOC HM KOsIMteCTBO 3hitpa, IO sBNFeTCR yenoBKeM CylecTRORAHHE Tex. Jpn ero Hapymennn Te- sma paspyuiaiores, pactazaacs wa atoms! adapa. Eom 8 soMeHtT norsioukenis pup AMer cobcr- BeHHYIO CKOPOCTS, TO OM MEpeIeT CBOE KOTHYECTRO TBMKEHUA TENY, CORAARAS TpABMTALKON!\I0 cuny F=q-F=amF, Q7) Cuna Jelierayer 8 HanpaBseHHit apInKeHus CIpyli xbupa, T.e. B Hanpannlenid cKopocTs: V,. Ita crn TaK Ke, Kak Cia THOKeCTH, He sasucHT OT coGcTBEHNO!! cKOpocrH Tes, a TonbKO oT ekopocteli crpyH xupa, nornomaesox ream. Bom F, = 0, tow cana F,=0. Yexopenne rpasnranvontoll ca wat ace F Cynotipys siipaacerie (36) 1 (37) nonyuaem siipaxeHne js eHub, aelicTayIoMell Ha 0608 MaTepHambHoe TeNO, ABIOKyLIeeCA PaBHOMepHO HEE € YeKOpeHHEN B HOrOKe axa It Poi +F' =F +8+F,=mal, as) B KOTOPOM ciuty F, , KaK ake OTMCHANOCK, HAIOREM TPARNTAUMORKOK Cioli w samMWedt €€ He pes yewopeune rpanirratuionvoll citnbt je F,=m-j, =moa-¥,, 69) rae Jaa, (40) F, vaspmactes, Kak o6bsu0, muepumounol! cunoft u sanvcumaeros Yepes uHteptinONHOE ye~ opeme Jj=7 Gr 140Axryaseunre mpo6atemsi conpementioli Haykn, 2 6, 2006 aoe di F,=m-j,-m-. ay F,, waaonem ciuioli pocta maces! W TaK Ke BEIPASHIM ee Hepes Yoxopenie OTOH cbt], (42) rae (43) Qua noneasevea 1:-3a ropMomenuia Ten 3upoM, RenencTEve nornowenna obupap Ai saxon Howorova spaserea acranm caywaem seipaxewna (38) aia Ve-0, Tk. pennania 97-10" e oven maa, To 0680 nemisniia m7 = 0. Tostomy (44) Ha reno, aamxymecca c noctoanuolt cxopoctsio 7 8 noroKe apupa, HMeIoulero cKopocts aelicrayer csuia FHF, ; (4) =F, (pannanvian cKopocts, HanpaniexHias K ueITpy Tena), To 9Ta ap - nx, mV 80. Beau 7 opMysa naet cuy THRECTH MPH CKOPOCTH sIBHOKEHHA Tera He pasHoit Hy:0 (V#0). Ona TaKaK xe Kak MpH HEMOABIOKHOM TENE, Tlanee paccmorpum cnyuaii pasHoMepHoro J1BiKeHHA Testa co CKopocTbIO V B Hoe HEBOSMy~ menmoro supa (V.=0). Hs suipaxxena (38) nx atoro cnywas onywaen cay F , o6yenoazen- Hylo pocTOM maccBI B npoULcce HOTMOMeHHs ABIKYEIAMCA TesIOM MbUPHOTO Tasa 13 OKPYAAHOULE- ro mpocrpanicrsa. Sta ciuia npiiorkesia K Tey co CTOpoHE nloxa supa. Ova npensirerayer BH sxenmio Tena as —Vem k (46) 7 usteer cmbion ycKopeHNa TOPMOKEHHA. OHO OMEHD MeTEHHO MeHAETEA CO 3nece j, BpeMeHeM B Mpottecce sABIDKeHHA Tend. ITHM HSMEHEHHEM MOxHO MpeHeOpeus H BbIpAIHTS H3- MeHenHe CKOpOCTH c TEeHIIeM BPEMeHH, BEIBAHHOTO POCTOM Maccbi, H3BECTHOH (bopmynofi VaW-j w yeu an Oryza nosysum Ve (48) 14S 3necs V, — ckopocrs rena n Moment t=O. Kax Gyaer moKasawo ooxe semstvia 2,97:10"c™ ovens Maa. Mostomy 8 GoabumMHeTRe cny¥aeR CHAO! H ycKOpeHHeM conpo- rnAxtyaabunie npo6.temst coppementioii Hayku, 6, 2006 ‘THBICHEER, OGYCROBCHHOTO POCTOM Maceb! Telia BCAELETBHH npHToKa adipe BNYTPS MONO Mpe- HeGpex, OAHaxO, OHH MOTYT TORAMSTE Ha CKOPOCTS ABIKEHKA GoTOHA CRETA OT AAUIEKUN CHETHLA go RaGmogatens Ha 3ewse, Zapi(CHMOCT» CKOPOCTH CHETA OT BPEMEHH ABIPKCHHS dboTOHA MORO noayanTe, samenns 8 hopysie (48) ckopocTs Fy Ha CKOpOCTE cBETA B MOMENT HicKycKaHA dboto~ na ¥, = C. Ona Taken oke, Kak y cpera B SeMHBIX YCHOBHSX: a (9) 14% k Creaowarenpio, vepes Inepa.aer (imapa.net=3,15-10'® ¢) cxopocrs (borona crea 6yzer 74-10" w/c, tto CoRCEM HEMHOrO OTINIAETCA OT SEMHOH CKOPOCTH cBeTA. Hepes 10 Mapa.neT ckopocTs cBeTa, MpHILIeAMeTO K HAN OT raTeKOH snesuni, Gyzer V=1,53-10" wic, 10 eorm Gyzer co- CTARIATS TONKA NoDORAHY OF HaXanYON ckopocTa. Hepes 15 MIpAAET ORET, tIpMMIEAI ¢ OK pan suaMMOi Beenexnoit Gyzer uMeT» ckopocTs V=1,25-108 mic, ¥ro ayTs Gonbule 40% oF seme oll exopocru enera. Yasatinoe HsMeHenHe CKOPOCTH CBeTa OT BPEMEHM, KAK MHe KaKeTER, MOAHO OBPEneNIETE c= ‘TonOM abeppauliH W-TeM caNGIM HPOBEpATE cmpaResIABoCTE hopmyt (46) st (49). Mo ypanitena (38) nnaxo, To MoxcHO HCKyccTRERHO CosaT> HeBecoMoCT. Js 9TOTO HY>RHO IpHUIaTD TeDy YexopenHe B HartpansleNHK WeHZpa SeMLIH, panHoe yoxOPeHMD TwAECTH g=dV/ét~ eV, Hossemy Frg-maVie-m Ly = maVie maV #0. (50) i Dror npwem Henomayeren Tip TpeHMIPOKAX KOCMOARTOR ANA CoIaIHE HeKVECTMeNHOT He ecOMOCTH BHYTPH caMOsIeTa, AHOKVULeTOeR HO OnpeereHKO! TpacKropmt HAKOIIEHUE 9HEPTHH TEAMH BMECTE C NOTSOWAEMBIM 3OHPOM Tlycre rexo ameer dhopmy wapa e pamuyeoM ro H Maccoll m,, paBsomepHio pacnperenenioli 10 BHYTpeHHeMy OGsemy. IbupHEti ras, NornomeeMsl OTM TesIOM, MepeceKaeT HOBEPAHOCTE céhEpeI co ckopocrBio, onpenensemoli (opMysiolt (6). Buyrph oGREMa, saNMMaeMOrO TeIOM, eECEKYHIEO BHOCHTeH 9HEPIHA, PABHAL KUHETHYECKO! Ieprest BocH nocTyMatoMIel Macht IdpEpHOTO rasa: Nooen=AVp/2=00'm* 327" pot (31) ale Nuoen ~ MODEHOCT, BHOCHMAR BMECTE © 9UPHBIM TasOM B znOGOC TeHO, Ta SHEDTHA NO raouiaeTca KwkuOl wacTuyel acest Testa, Yacts 70 aHeprHM saTpayueaeTest Ha OGpaxoBaHHe Honoli waces, OCTanbHaN WACTH BANACRETCA BHYTPU Test H HSMY'AETCA BO BHELIHEE EPOCTPAHCTBO. HnauicTs, no-baUMOMY, PazOrpeBaiOTcA co speNecHeM, TAK KAK MHOTME WS HHX, B TOM HHENE 1 Sens, HMeIOT pacrLiaBeHNele supa, a JOnrep, xaK HIBECTHO, HBKyYAeT TenUIa BABA pase Gob ue, Yew nonyaaer oF Conn. Uprepecko oTMeTHTs, 870 CBCTHMOCTH 3B85/L, TO ECTS MOLINOCTS, H3IYHaeMAK B MAPOBOE MIPO- erpancTno, aamnicit oT Mach! w pariyea aBé2a. B acrpoHOMHH HSBECTABY H WIHPOKO ReTOAKSYROTCA itarpaMMnl «acca — cHeTaMOCTEN ¥ «paanyc — cReTEMOcTE». B [5] oTMedaeTeR, HTO cBETIMOCTs Gommamx anésn, wha Macca ® pH H GONee par MpeRHilLIaeT COMMeGHYIO, NPoTOpUMOMaMHA xy6y maces. Yaurstaas, sro coraacuo opmyse (51) MornouieMas MoMHOCTS TakoKe nponlopuHOHa- Ha KyGy MACCH, MOKHO OKAIETS, 4TO CBETHMOCTS 3BE3A MPONOPUOMAADIA MOUMIOCTH. NOrAONIe- na, Tip 970m mornouaerca anasHTensHo Gombias 3Heprug, HEM OVlaeren 20 Bie. HosToMy, i 142)Axtyanbitote npotciembi coppemennoii waykn, Xe 6, 2006 THX ane jbITh 3} (OLOBANO 38 HECKOALKO MHJAHOHOB WM Muuamapaon set. Ou, ckopee BECTo, AANAeTCR AMILIL NPOMEAVTOWHLIM JBEHOM B Hepenaye GpasoBanHH HorsousenHot 7HeprUn s>upa B sHeprHto sie p0305HoB- sete B mponecce vaenuenun wacest 3582. Hanes saeraM, sro opupHbili ras mAyTpHE TeX ZOKEN aDUTATACR ¢ GO:EMIHMI CKOPOCTEME Beseqctevie 270r0 BHYTPH Tel COXPAILAETCR MOMMKCHHOE -TABMENHE H jeTicTBYET MeKaHHGM 3KER- ‘Tupopasiia 4 nocmowenua supa, [ostomy ToneKO wars xAweTuteeKolt SHepran MpHpA, NOTHO- MaeMoro TemTaMM, MOKET TepeXOIMTS B YKAIAHABE AHS SHEprun. OcTiLIHas 9Hepria Samacaerca BUYTPH Tea H CS MOKHO HaIBATS TpABATALHOHHO! sHepraek. Ona BucBOSOAMECTCA H3 38E30 APH BSDHIBAX, KOTOPHIE ACTPOROMB! HAOMOAAIOT B BHC BSpLIBOS & ranaKTuxax (5, 6], pH KOTOPKIX BI JenseTca orpoMas aHeprua noparKa 10° opr, 9KRMBANCHTHaA OTHOBPEMEHHO! K:LepHOM BOMLKE 10 MitLtHOKon caepxnonunx 3n631, SHEPTUK AIPSIBOB, MPOHCKOAAINHK 8 PARMOTATAKTUKAX, OWCHIT- acter 8 10 spr. Oreyaa Gepéres 9ta 4yqORHIMHas 2HeprHa, ACTPOHOMAS OBBACHHITS He Mower, TAK KAK H1ep- ‘asl MCTOWHEK SHEPrHH ANA 9TOTO coBepmNeHHO HedocTato¥eN. [lepexoa B reali veumcetsa Uesoit TANAKTKI, COCTORLUeH MOMHOCTHIO 13 BOIOPOAA, aN Got TOMBKO 10° apr. Ho takoif nepexog He MoxeT OBIT eRMMORPEMeHHBIM, OF NOIDKEH GBT Gxt OCYIECTRAATSCA B TeveNHE MILLTIAPHOB zc, ‘Tak Kak ckOpOCTS NepenacH BoIMyIeHHi ao Beewenioft or omxoro OKeKTa K APYTOMY He npe- ‘BBIMAeT CKOpOeTH CBETS. 3a 15 soxpa. set (4,71-10"7 c) cywecrwopantet Connna, cormacHo ypasHexm (48), BHYTpH He TO cKOnMaeS TpARTANGIORKas MMEPTAs Exorn = Neoey'$,71-10"" = 3,5-10 apr, ‘Dro sHaveHe COMSMEpHMO C dHeprucii BspsIBA B ramaRTHKe MS2, 0 KoTOpOH yomuHatocs pane. 3né3n61 Bax-Maanena n Bomsdh 457 (Gestsie Kapnnic) Toko 38 } MAPA. NeT HaKonine Sot BHYTpH ceBa aHeprAIO coOTRETETBEHNO Enorn = 5,37 - 10 spr, Enorn= 5,90 - 10% apr. ‘roll sHeprin Brome JacraToUNO, 4roGe OGEACHNTH IHePIHIO BSDEIBOB, NDONCKONAUIAS wOraAsaKTHKaX H OMMBIX OOHEKTAX in Moumiocta, Tormoulaemyio venonexom ¢ accoit m=100Kr aMecTe co expyatt dpa, c03- AMOUGIMHE CHMY THKECTH Ha MOREpxHOCTA eM, MOKHO paco'ustaTD mo GopMyne oom Ke 2 nepxnocty Sener V=9,8w/c, Oke Hanpasiena x neuTpy Senn, Mlomyuentoe auarenne MoWLiO- cr Ha 7 nopaaKos Metsie MoMWocYH, ompedeneHHOH 110 hopmyste (33). Ita soMTHOCTS pacxony- eres na nepexoa okpa B MaTepHan Tena opradHSAIDITO PAmHALTAMEX NOTOKos AKA BHYTPS Te. Tee, ova, Tak 2Ke KAK AUEpHAR IHeprUR, COCPCAOTONEHHAA BHYTpM Tea, MEOLIYTHMA ZUUE HETOBeK, (ao vex nop, noxa He npowsoliaer aapein). Tomko Manas ee acTs saTpayHpaeTom Ha Harpe Tena, Ne = 5-10’ ar. B ato bopmyme cornacno popmyze (6) pankansHan eKopocts Ka no- ONPEAEJIEHHE KO3®®HUEHTA CKOPOCTH OBPAIOBAHHA MACCHI, POCT MACCBI 3EM1, ‘Yro6 onpenesurr Kopduument cKxopocris oBpasopaHHA Macht k, OGpaTAMeR K AB-IEHHIO Be- xosoro yckopeaua JIynsi. Harectio, 470 cpent MHOecTBa HeGeCHbIX TBMAEHHH, KOTOPLIE NON Hocrsio coorseTerayion GopMyRAM HeGecKOH MEXAHUKI, HMEETCX HECKONERO cayaew HeCORTIARe- Mus MekAy HaOMOAEMBIMH H DBISHCTENNDIME ABIOKeMMAMA CRETION. OANUM 13 TAKUX HeOGSSC- HEHUEIX HayKOil aaTeHHi spaseTcs, TAK HasRIBAeMOe, ReKOBCE yoxopeHHe JIyxsr, CpapneHne apes Hux HaGmoneHuii Hag saTveniasin Consnta x Jiylibl ¢ HOBBIMK NoKasazo, 470 B HacTOAUIee BpeME 3Akctyasbitore npo6aemsi conpementoii naykn, 42 6, 2006 Fyna apwxeres wemsioro Gsierpee, Nem mpexie. 310 yexopenue HeBesKo, 3a 100 set JIyna yxo- Mr Bnepéa NpOTUB BLIUNCNGRHOTO TonOXKeHHA Ha 10” HTK MpHMepHO Ha paccToRHHE 18,6 x4 Tommxo wacTh 2TOTO YeKopeHTia, NPHOTHHTENDHO 6”, OBuACKEETER TeopHell TaTOTeHHE, a ocranL- xan gona 4" auianinacrea RevtnecrTHoil 18 compemesHo# HayKH MpMEHOI: ASt00 = 7,45 xa = 0,745+10° emt. (52) B cuan ¢ rem, 470 s0G0e MACCHBHOE TeO AMIMIETOR CTOKOM Aina OKpY:KaIOLUErO >xpupHOTO ra- 3a, oKonO Hero BosHaKaer PaiMamnoe TeveHMe crpyil oupa & HanpantenAH WeHTpa Tena. 70 Te NeHe ABIACTCR ReyCTOHIIIBLIM it CROPATHMBAETER B KOCMHYCCKHIT BHXPL HANOOOE BHXPA, BOIHH- alomtero npHt cnase Bom Yepe? CAHBHOS OTREDCTHE 13 GoMLWOH emKocrA. ITOT BUXps TOATOHACT Jyny npa ee awxeuux no opsure noKpyr Senora. Kerati, stHM 2Ke OGtsicHHETCH SATaIOIHOE Yo~ KopenHe VCKYCCTREHHEIX chymHxoR 3eman Lageos TIpy ABMKEHHH TO OXONOSEMHEIM OPOHTAM. STH BUXpH OGyCIABIMBAIOT TAICKE OMNAKOBOE HAN|PABTCHME ABMXCKHN BOCK THAHET COMMEHOH cKCTeMbI BOKpyr CouHua M COBTaqaiomlee ¢ HYM Hampasnenne Bpaijenks camoro ConHia H BCeX IMaveT BOKDYT CROBX Ocelt, a TAKE CIMEpAABHBII PACYHOK MHOTHX raniaKrAK (3, 2, 3]. Tlonaras mpuBmoKéino, s70 opbura Jlyser uwecr Kpyronyio hopmy, sanucsiBaem panencTHo aeicrayiouwax Ha Heé CHI TATOTEHHA M WeHTPOSeATHON clea nV" ffogy = Fm Mit’ op ob rae m u M —coorbererseniio Macebt JIynbl # Seat; Jy — parstye op6urts Jlynsi mpi e8 ARH wxeitan Boxpyr Jem; f — noctosmHas TaroTenHs, PaxpellsM 3TO PaneHCTHO OTHOCITENO OK- pyanoli cxopocra (opéuranbxoit) JIynet, mpencTaBne B HEM Maccy 3emaxt ¢ MoMOTIBIO BRIpAIKeHH (6) ax bymauiao ppemenn: yA Bele te (53) Top Tow (Ok rag My ~ wacea Jem Ha MoMeHT Havana oTcuéra BpeMens t = 0. Hs Toll sepncimMocrn cxe- ayer, 410 © Te¥eHHeM BpeMeHH ckopocTs V omAHA BoBpacraTE, “rroGsr Jlyha yaepawBARaCh Ha ‘cnoelt opéitte. C yuerow (53) npzpamienne nyr JiyaBi upy ¢€ aswxenn no opr, suIBaNHOe OCTOM CKOpOCTH, samLleM B BHiZe: Tye Mo=5,98-10?"r, roph=3,844:10"cm, t=100ne1=3,15-10%e, nomysaem AS 100=2,52-107 wk 96 (34) A =ASi00/Tap0,65510" awk pan. Vis-sa Gansoota SIysna x Beate p e8 neWKeRIM vaMerHs TaKHE OTKNOMEMHE, KOTOPHIC YoXOT- salor mpn KaGmozeuusx 32 Gonce aanéxumn caeriuiama, Veuersisag HaEKNOCT LeHHEAX HO 2g0t- >xeulio JIyzin, mcnomayem cootuourcune (54) sux onpenenenus oTHOmenna C/K X KooippuaHeHTa ckopoctH o6pazopanis Maccet k: afk=2,97-10"" Le (55) k=3,36:10"7 66) Tipn nonysennuix snavenusx wenn ok 1 k Macest Tex Boenetnoyt zomans 6yayt nospac- ‘TTB co RPEMEHEM TAK, KaK oKasaHo 8 TaGu. 1, B wontoif Mepe exasarsioe oTHOHTOR K 3eNte. 144Axtyaannnte npo6aemei conpemennoii nayxu, 2 6, 2006 Taéruya } Bpeawpa ner | 19 | 20 | 30 | 35 | 50 [10 | 15 mimeo iif i203 [33 [3s | ner [359 7 47 B raGn.2 mpunenctina siavenus pasnaneMsre ckopocrelt pupa wa dosepxuocta paqa aechMa wairepecuin o6sexton Beexeaoif, nogcutannsie 0 bopayre (6) Taéauna 2 Cicapoete Hamcnonane oferta Macca, | Perhye, 1 stypa, ‘xbupa, ‘ rue we ‘Beeaga Bonu 457 ~ 1,01.:10% 5 1,36-10° ‘emt ows 0,710" 136800 Speaza Bant-Maanera- 0,28:10% a 0,78-107 exit kapsnic $910 7800 Snesaa-cnynms Cupuyea — Geass xapeti i710" | o.2108 293 0.29:10° ‘Conuue-sneaaa 20.10" | 70.108 0.273 027.10" Senma-naasera 6.0- 10 6.40-10° 0.00981 981 Tynavenyrin Jem 0,73 107 1.73: 10% 0.00163 163 ‘Alape atom Boxopoma 166107 | 9.510% | 043-10" | 043. 10° EcaM Mbl XOTHM ¢ fOMOMIbIO KOogMpHUMeHTa cKOpocTH OOpasoBaHua Maccel k NepecuHTath MACOM MATEDHATBHDIX TON Mlyyy, ® MACCHI My , BHPAEHHLE @ EAIAHALAX, CBRSAGHBK € MIOTHO- rst agua, To caeayer o6patuteca K sipaxceiid (3). [lpomrerpnposas aTe BeIpaKeHHe % To- OW KOHCTANTY HETerpHPOBAHS PABKOH AYO, LOAYHUM HEXOMOE COOTHONEHHE Msoay = Msoay® ro) 3aMeTHM, ¥TO MOMyHeHHOe sHaveHKe KosppHIHENTA cKopocTit OGpasORAKHA Macest kK NO3BO~ JART SSEMANYT ApyruMAM Ta3aMit Ha MAOTHOCTS xpMpa. [leo 3 TOM, YTO IPHBIHEIOE ALK WesTOBe- a TOHATHE MLIOTHOCTH. NOAPAsyMeBACT OTHOUIEHME MACCKL BELIECTBA K OOREMY, SAKCMOMBIOLIEMY B ceSe 270 nemectao, B ro xe spews wz (57) cmeayer, TO KoDMpipHUHENT K MO:KTIO TPAKTORATS KOK exoTopaill nepenoanoH KoodpauweHtT Macckt xbupa B Naccy Tex To ects ero NO‘KHO paceMarpit- BATS KaK OTHOMIEHKe Maccbl 9O’pa K Macce BeECTHA, Ha costae KoTOpO! HoMIEA BeCH MOTIO- yest sup. TToxtomy, onpeseasa nnoTwocTe ‘pupa 8 MPHBBISHBIX KeTeTOpHAX MIOTHOCTIE Be~ sjectRa, Monxiio CsuITaTS, STO TOTHoCTS AbHpa MpencTansizer coBOH BeNIHHBY Pe=pek=3,54:10r/ea=3,54-10°Kr/M?, (58) Cmsien 3roro nepecuera 3aKHONAcTCa # TOM, ITO MPH TonaTAHUN spHpA BHYTpL Tema H3MeHs- eres ero BsanMomefICTBHe c oeM sdupa. HMeHHO rosie adbupa onpenenier ace waMeCTHIKIE CHLI0- ale sganMoselicraun H csolicrsa Ten. 4p MMpOBOrO MpocrpaueTBa noMuMO JHeprHH o6s1a- gaet_waccoli, axepunelt, Kommuectsom aswxenna. Tlotox xpupa mepezaet coe KomHECTBO AIBWOKCHILE MaTepHaNbHDIM Tena H OKAIBIBAET a HX cHtMOBOE BoIMeltcTBHte. Idwp. HAXoAALTHH. 145Axcryanbubie npo6.srembr conpemennol HaykH, Ne 6, 2006 a BHYTpH Ted, B OTpEIBe oF dupa an ABARET cnodieTBA HH H KOAMMeCTBS JBWKCHNS depe> MACCY Te, MPOHOPUHOHATEHVIO Macce >bNDA, exCCEKYHAHO HOFTOMAeMOTO Te.-103 ‘ouepens 20 9eTER Ha COOTHOUIeRN Mace H TLIOT- cpoGoantoro 3bupa w 3¢ BAANHOTO BH ‘Cnycia 6 ner nlocae Hauer nepaol myGrmxauyet (1} wan BHIBOR o pocTe Maccut Jem Hawes, nogmepaaenite » pa6ore B.B. Buniosa «Pactyuias 3emni> (8). B atoll xwstre astop nomysHn 9a- Kou, aiasiorauilt mpokenmo (5), Ges costmen Ha Haumy nyBauxansao [1] m=m,e"* (59) Oanaxo, sHavenne v=2,9-10" ¢', Sto npamepHo 8 100 pas Gonsuze Hamero Koxbbuanenra wk=3,36-10"" oc, Tpavem g [8] cuntaerca, sro Koxbpuunent v MIMeHseT CBOIO RENHIKY TIA pasnerx TeOMOTHecKHx 30x. STOT NeTOCTATOK OGbACHAETEH CeAVIOMUNK COcrOsTeNSCTRAMHL @omyna (59) H Ko2pipaunier v Gauin nomyenss 5 [8) 3 aNamHsa Hab mogeHMi reodpusmxn 38 po ‘TOM 3eMHOli KopsI OF 0,05 KMP/rOA 8 paRTEMe STOXH 10 3,12 KM'/rox B MacToamee BpeMst. Ben Ot pemmunna v Os01a onpeseneHa AIA panwero nepkous pocTa sesuoli Kops, TO KoxpPANMEHTAL V1 ovk Goa Got oxuHaKoBsING, Hertio B HaankHBili Nepmos, cTaoBNeHR seamtoll KOPB pasMepl Benin poem MesIeHHee, eM. celiac, HB OCHOBKOM, HS-3a pOCTa ee Maccsl B PesysMTaTe MOrTO~ meHua adupa u3 oxpyastoniero mpoctpanersa, Mocteneuto BAYH 3eMaM Haxanznmanace QHep- Tus Ht NPOHCXOAMA pagorpen ee Hep. BaTeM HAYEMLACe XMMHTECKHE PeakNMH ¢ OBPAIORATIIEM IC- exon TaGmast Mesuieteena, Mpoucxoii70 oGpas0RaHMe NErKIX MOPO:T, NEMAbi, BOLTAL (BOIMORK- no wedTH), Taxon, Q70 K mpaBesto K Gontee GRLCTPOMY POCTY pasMepos SewumH TIO CpABHEHIHO ¢ poC- ‘rom Maccet, TloaTomy atiauente a/k Gostee TOKO, HEM V. Pacenory noraoulenus 26mpa TelAMH Us OKpYAaIOMero upoCTy SRAMeTeA MeAOCTAIOUIEM IBeHOM B NOIBAMHH Mupa. On nosBoascr nouNTE, wro BeoneHnag newna, Hapainy ¢ sasenmen paccenpanns Tetuia (runoresa Kaaysnven 0 remsono# emepry) po B ‘MouNEbIe CO bHBe Npouecess. B pesaeTaTe po: ery Kocmmuecke O6peKrn1. B WHNX HakaiyuBacTes orpoMHag JHeprna. Hocrayuyucom pery.tsi- ‘ToDOM 3Toro KDVroBopoTAa MaTeDHM H 9HeprHH wRLIAeTeH None ybupA, Cami Tea MepecTaioT Obit HeMIMENTILIMM, ZACTUIBUIMNKL BO BpeMeHH, BIO Gopmy M CYABOY MOTY? HMCHHTS TODRO RieMIENE RoaMeHcTBHE. Testa BoeteHHOll OF CAMbIx MA/IEHDKHX 0 CAMO GombuNnx Kak Gt KUBYE cBOET AGLSHLIO, HeMpepAIBKO WSMEHROTeR, OTTOMIAR SAP H BMECTE ‘Hust aartaeas BHYTpH CeO SHEprHiO Wa oxpyaAOMIeTO MOAR ups, Dror wArsAT HA MpRPOAY Be- ‘mell noaTBepactaerca naxELIMK HaGmoJaTeMBHOH ACTPOHOMHH if HOREIMU LaKMBIN reO*HSKKH, ‘@HPOAMHAMHYECKOE CTPOEHHE ATOMA BOJOPOIA Tipmuuso Bpenta nlocrpouTs Mogemb ouemeHrapHolt wactmumt RewecTBa, cocrosuteli H3 ra3006- pasttoro soitpa, Ho obnazaiontiil Gombioll TRepuocTHIO H cBoHLcrEOM HOrNOULar® SopMPHBH Tas Hs “oxpyskaiomiero upocrpanesea. Hie nepal mara ~ 570 HeaumiommiMes sates. Ho Tax sm TO? Bombulofi nitrepec B 9TOM HanpanaeHuH npederasxaot coGoH! BUKPH, ROSMAKAONIAE B CILIOMI- [HBIX FAIOBLIK H KILIKHX CpeTaX, VIMCHHO BHXPH MONHO PACCMATPHBATE KaK NOKANBHBIE OOPASOBA- RMS, pesKo OTMHHaOULNECH TO CRONM cROFicTBAN OF OKPYAANONNCTO WX NOMA Taxa HIN XHAKOCTH. Buxpu oryr o6naxats Gonbmioit TBeplocrbo, eciih CTPYH Taxa Wu AMAKOCT XBHOKYTER BHYTPH HX ¢ O¥eH GombimEMit cKopocTaMM, OcoGeHHO Hac MATEpeCyIOT KONbLUEBHIE BUXPH. OH MCTOMT5- SORARHCE B RAveCTRe MONEE! SNEMCHTApUbIX ACTIN BEMIECTRA: BYTOHOB, NpOTOKOS, HeiTPOHOB, 8 TaKKe STEKTPOHOB, TGHTPOROR H eTOMOB ® paGoTax [11] w [12]. Eme panswe 6suia vanecrxa MojlonS BEXPeHOTO aTOMa, PaspadoTaHHas Kemsuuom (B. Tomconox). Tipeanoxerme MonenH BecMa WITEPECHAI, HO He COrNACyIOTCR ¢ nsIeRME TaNoh paGorsi, TlosTomy sompobyem cosaars coGeTBeHHY!O MONE POCTedUIHX ACTH MATEPHM, TOSAHMCTBOBAB B YKasaHNBx paBorax pa HoHamsHOe sepHO. 146Axryambaie npo6semr cospemennoii naykn, A? 6, 2006 Tipeaae vem npactyaurs x oGcyxaesito xpaposanaMHueckol Moment aroma oGosHatais rpaumugi, 8 mpedenax KOTOpEIX Mel momen ctcTBOBATS. CormacHo cOBpeMeHHBIM BSTTALAM, B éit= auxe [9] paxmiciaior OcHOBHBe OMeMENTApHBIE HACTHUBL, CyLICCTBYIOINNKE & MIpHpORe B CBOBORTOM iin cnaGocaazamtio cocrosini. K HMM OTHOCAT npoToHBE H HefiTpoKEI, BXORANIME B COCTAR ATOMHDIX Sep, @ TAKE DHEKTPOHA, NOSMTPOHE, POTOKBL, ITO craSuabHEIe, AOATORUBYEIKE YaC- ‘TauGE. OnM oGnazarOT Maccoit #, KpOME HelfTpOHa, NOAOAKHTENLELIM KIT OTPHUATENDUDIN 3:1eK~ “pawecknn sapatom. Dorowps [9] TaIcKe YAACTRYIOT 3 271eKTPOMArH:TTHOM BBANMOIIeHLCTBHH, Kpone Toro, 1a ceromna oGkapyxeno Goctsutve atcnO (oKoAO 350) HeycToRAHBBX SneMen- "apaix wacratt, Equa poaitbunies, Omi srscoseso pacriaawores. BpeNt x xtrauit Moxket COCTaB- suite pesto ot 10°e 0 10c, a aumisa npoGera © MosenTa poxnenia mo Moseta pacraza co- crapnser oxono 20M. 91m yacranpi Tae OGnauOT Maccoll, Hora aaxe cyMMecTBERKO Go.- rei, ue Macca mporowia. Hx Macckt onpegessiotex Re KommecTBOM séHpa B OGREME 4ACTHLL, a ‘Tem, 4TO B BHXPEDKIX KONBIIAX-NaCTHUAX Sup BPaWAcTeR BOKPYT OCH BUXPEBOTO KOA A B= 2xeTes BOM KOMBINa ¢ GosTaUIOMK cKOpOCTHIO. H5-2a BOSHUKALOIETO MPH 9TOM PasPEKCHIA BHYTDH. Konbua ONO KAMHHIAeT NOTZOMLArs sup H3 OKPYAMONLeTO MIpoctpateraa. Buxp CraHOBATCA BAX- pectoxom. Kvaa xe aepacres moraomenunii up? To HaMNINM npexcTaRJeHMAM NpH JocTWKeHHH HeKOTOpOrO oNpexeMeHNOrO sHAyeHUT OsPYAHOM VIAOBOK cKOOCTH Oy BpAUIeHNA 2bupHEt crpyid BOKDYE OCH KOMBMA H_YT.I0 gxopoctH @, crpvii 2bupa BoKpyr HlewTpatbHOll OcH CHMMETDHH KosbuA zaRTenMe B UeITTpE BUXpS cHwARETes AO HYsIS. Ivo OGHAYALT , YTO B XbUpE MPEKpATHJOc KaoTUMIECKE ABUAE- Hue ero atomos. B peryuiurare rasooGpasuaiit 3dbup HAWANACT NeDEXOMWTE 8 CBOIO AMAKYIO / Wigan mannix coScTscHHBIX pasmepon atomos 2upa OHH B KHAKOM xbupe pacuosa- TaIOTEA BIJOTHYIO ADVE K 1H BCNCACTBHM TOTO pepYIEHHO HEMATHT: ece JANIVETHJER, TO NOAVNAeTeR AOATOAMBYUIAR Jute MeNTADRAR Nactana. 15 komOmnaunfi THX YactHu cocTouT BoA MaTepust Beewenuoil. Ecau yriopaa ckopocth He AOCTHIaa nyHOTO 3HaverUs nepexoaa raz006- pasNoro obupa p KNAKVIO hazy He JaNYETHACH, TO NOmYYAeTCR KopOTKoAMBYUIAN aAeMeH- Tapuag sacruna, Tockomky p ce UeHTpe 6 HAYAABAEH MoMeNT Bee we UMeeTcA GoIEUI9e ‘eHHe, TO Ha OMeHs KOPOTKOe BPEMS OHA TAKE CTAHOBMTCH BUX ostomy macey. Onuako, npaxruyec eNO MpOMcKOAMT WepenoaueHMe WacTHUDI TA joo$paiHbim 9bnpOM. Mansenne abupa ww ERO KOAHIS MOBEIUIAETCH H lla MpEKDAMLaeT ewoe cymTeCTBORANHE. ‘YoHTbiBad CKASAHHOE, NPEACTABHM ATOM BOAOPOAA B BALE BAXPCBOTO KOLA, & KOTOPOM odup epauaetes c yraopoii cKopoctDO ©, BOKPYT OCH KostbiLa TO SAKORY BpameniiA THep-oro reaa (Puc, 2). Tlomumo 2Tore HMeeT MecTo TeNeHHe cTpyii ax0m% OCH BUXpesore KoMBita CO ckopoctbio U,.,. BHYTPH BUXpeBOro KOABILA pacHonOxeHO azp0 atoma-npoToH. TloKa Monera- eM, 40 mpoToH cocTOMT Ka xxHAKOTO >pupa. Mo Mepe HakonJewus sHaHHit Gyaem yrOuHATS ero erpocine. Kpowe toro, 8 cepenmie rasoo6pastond BHXpeBoro KOTbLa BxOAL HeTO NPOXOAHT BUXPERAK HT H3 2xKAKOFO ihApa. Ova TaK xe, KaK H ATPO aTOMa, oBecnewHBACT HenpepATa- sill npollece Mepexoma MOTMOULaeMoro K3 OKPYAaOUIerO APocTpancraa rarooSpasHoro ApKPA BoxnaKyio aay. OueHKa ReNHWAH OKPYAHEIK A OCeBBIX yrnOBBX cKopocTelt BHYTPK rasOBOTO KORBUEBCTO opapHoro paxps aaeMedrapnoro atoma Matepiu [2, 3], HpH KoTOpHX B UCHTpE BIA TARTeHHE pinO, mpweema Hac K siraHeHHaM ea UoatrCite3 1010 a Use fos=Citox=3- L010" Pannyc aroma noaopoga cormacuo {9] Meer sHa4eHHe Ty=10"? me. 20% 6 (60) 10c! (61) rs)Axryaannnie npo6semst cospemensoii Hays, Ae 6, 2006 7 F lec ea] et Puc, 2. 3@RPOJBHAMHKA 0 AEPHOM MOJEH ATOMA PE3EP@OPIA B szepuoii Moxen aroma Pesepbopia 1 BiXpesoll Monet aroma 8 teopim supa B NeHTpe Haxc- urvea apo. Moremm Pesepibopia Halenner apo atoMa Booporxa ~ TporoHt (H HPYTHX aTOMOB) Mos10~ SaRTeRbHEIM sneKrpHICCO aepsOM. C NOMOINBIO ITOTO SAPATA YACPAGKEAIOTER Ha CHOHX OPORTAX OT- PUATENDHO SapmMKEHITGIE IMeKTPOHE, BpALIeIOUDIeCK BOKPYT AIPA € GOMBIUAMEL CKOPOCTAME, B Buxpenoil Moen aTOMa Het LOTOAULTeNbABIX M OTpUAATENLNEIX 2apagoR. CnpAIMABACTOR, Comm HET SApwREKABIX 4ACTHL, TO OTKYa KE BINACE CHA, OTRIOHAOUAR C-AACTHIEBL, HOMYCKA- Mule ANpasm ypana mp NoseTe “epes TOHKyIo MeranMMNecKyIo bomsry? B pesyaBrare 9TOrO Ra~ Gmionaioce paccemmite G-Hacrl B BELIECTRE, KOTOPOE OMPETEALIOCs HO BEMBICIKAM (CIIMAIHAN) Ha 3KpAHe, NOKPKITOM REUIECTROM, CHTOCOGUBIM CHETHTECA TPH Yaape 06 HeTO ACTH. B xcnepHMelTe HAGMONAIACE OTHEMbUBIC C-4ACTHUbi, paccemHsIe Moa yrnow 9 10 150°. Per sephopa npeuonaras, #70 c-wacTuue, HeneTatoulag Ha arom MaTepHasia oxrH, OTTaARuBaercH OT Hero nnepminm 9MekeTpIMIeckHhOt CHIEN, TaK KAK ATOMHON apo HF eI-uaCTITIA YMENH TIO er TIPE cTagneHNaM nonoAUrresese 3aPSAIBr, NPOMOPUOKATHELE HCITY TIPOTOHOR B supe PZ. Z-aTOMMBAti HOMep XHMUSeCKOTO SneMenTa B TaGaHUe Mewuencesa. Js a-vacrauti Z.-2, ni son0Ta Z = ¥9 Sneerpown: BAY MANOCTH HX Mace B pACteT HE TIpRHMMAIeD (Puc, 3). Mpeamonaranocs, 70 XH- HeTIMIECKAR OHEDTHOA O-HACTHUS MepexoaMT B HOTCHLMATSHYIO oNepTHIO OTTaNHDAKHE, ITOH OM [PenerUATo MaTAMAMEHOe paccTosNe, TO ECT pasMep OGACTH, 3a1RTOM 8pOM, Cornacno reopiat 2upa o-vacruwa (spo avoma Tew) COCTONT HS 9NIeMEHTapHEIN AIUIKIEX SMbUpHLIX KOARIIEBLIX BiIxpeli, ATOM MeranANYeckol (pombrH, cKO KoTOpLii uponeraer a- MucTHua, TaKKe MpexcTaBeT coBoH Habop semeHTapHEx KoubreBENX BUXpell. OKpYAHAH CKO- octh B SU/eMerTApHOM ras00UpAIHOM BXDE ATOMA BAITICHIBAETES # BUA Une Oat =3-10%.10=3-10'we (62) Bueo r — paccromune of ueHTpa ceweHHA supa aToMa B dobre AO meHTpa CeHeHNK Mpome- ‘ratomeli G-wacTHMIst =re.=10M. Tporeras Yepe3 ATOM O.-4aCTHUa OxasIBACTCA B HepaBHOMED- HoM nlowie exopocteli. Puc. 3, Tpoaem a waciuyes souwo ndpa amona 148)