Coue, GOde —— © Evolubion of the. cell. © AMucterG acids ,ynn, RNP) bare replication , pr oben Lio Sy athest s § Jenebe Code. d Energy Cond erualion 5 Carbon. frration glyiolysr> ,Oridotwe Cortnteol and electron trons pec The cll Membrane morphology ,skeucture, and cnod els nN 5 embers ‘transport: OF Mmleules exodytosia and Pnihourlasns ‘Scanned with CamScannerwaa ayp_ OF Fpanstoat Sistem ( veogy 42 , Noo energy clependeat Calle obo howe slave eoth lher dnd obo regulole pubenals ithe the cell - hcl being acon toe plasma membrane as it walls: or the passage oF mat dent hy cenddy eA taud to need ed because Subsbanw is plele house cot solu ent and the The plasma membrane 'S respoosible od by arate ether | The more the arnount of Solution (+ energy fc the cell eno enorgy moving grmom On area where hey fave, ahighes cone 4p an Qrea wrth a line to energy dora |lower Cone \WWaler solution Ore umpo RIA — Prote sa (Gene isa Segment of DNA that 1s. a | Coding. for 9. polypeptide gene are fog THxOo | Reetans that Code ae Exons Pepitions that clo not ode Fm gene 02 Caled rons = Tes of Ree mRNA Mico Rigs! Involucs to the reglabo 9 0p pro ten fp Amovt OF. P —— Smal nuclear Row (Se Ran They, ak, coss OF RNA Shreing pre-m Ba to the pro Srall 0 Anas (So Pinta Pad Runs

kw om nid i ™_ TOC Gq AWS ‘Scanned with CamScanner: pyycumicl nes Mirus 0th Ooty Dan ove Dao henge 7 a Cobos Uracil, & Newser with Coty Rein ave Ren stinase hay hose double [Hose one ih Dun teri cevion fing ’s Shucbves eefta thee m0 boule Replication ts 8 prow by + Mei. lobich a Daim pole wie 19 cluplecatzd They have higher they have lower — finto 00 dential pone The proves ~ mleador weight Insteulor Waugh usually ends vnth the dusioion Oy a Cell Tnty two by onary pioorwn ie_ molecules HH camels Such that One OF the two otrands Jin tre Dain Of each Of the wo dowpter Cots % an aon prom the parent cetl- Srorae ce Generic lyesedaned we] The claughter cells howe ci Althoygh DvP {Run ove reppered | parent Strand a newly Synth ores @S_ genetic materials but heechtaylDon Sind: This process [method ingormertion 1S Stored tn {tic Dun or Oe replicator 15 Called Semi - [ chremesone., aberehs to viva, \onsemtion Replnksaa hereditary Inger mauen 1 Stored either In DNA Or Rwa- Replication in DAP Involve c | - Number OF Enzyme Certedly se ~“Note-S All lung things Including Reseses red Yyeed ~ murdocgantsm Have bon dam l Ana but these tino types Of nucterc acd Ore never present Logetter tn Nirusos- htt ‘Scanned with CamScannerELcasé Separate the. Goo Posy ace Loartios sp molecule: ak ther pout ayothe process (5 cleat repheacion beg na Hae Im aectt I . _tn_a diggounted manne with Fhe 1 Sec Fon Of _O_prece O © The peder o nuclec poole . | Ane the engyme cated Dara polymerese elp to Auptearte the Strands by bringing tn appro priate elma or RM® primers qucecrecles _Omplementacy do those men tedl On the Strands + This 3 Care pally N 27 The 109109 4 p09 __ Seiad _belong © 6. Aaugh be __Celh Op ber bhe_pragmenied®—_ - _ strand have been linked | nown as lead mg strand 13 replia —fagethes, the ®! roads Call#d|sn a Comunvows manage ta 5!3! Orcogpisi_p-ragmene Manners yohsreas the Othe Strand.) Zin Dye repluation an ___ | the resultant “DMA pra gon at a oe _Keoion 0s Date Gyre Called Kazaki geggmnent whch dre Giazes Super Coiled +0 becomg (eter rinel {0 one nother by tee _ ele, pend me— Ag ass oe ay eat oY _Poothec ame. por Gyrase ss} Ly any _€ccor “is. lake noted by “bpp isomers tra Dun Palymercse. Nee gpected\ Therecyler cagtur engyne fection (2 Cutoek by empyine Cacrved pute _to avad errors One ofthe te parent Strand replicated in tire fragmentary ora ‘Scanned with CamScannerPxonutlose Y the ¢eeur caves Ot the énd OF Ho strand. %, | i or he endonuilecre BA Yes wor OU within the brand fs 16 roswlh OF (hes Due ate also called b. i Prooy read, Cnapmnes i ( = . F (penete Cobe § Prin Synts oy He bavn Geoolyye dns ade proto. the q | I } » reralsype dye @ Une phe aclype- Spa Y ope en yireneaget, The yan gene contains ‘be. oforancaton tat y fer the producticea Of Prone pprussud byoctemicelly IG Nates gar which 6 a Que descendant G- aseagle fel medial, anwstOr : lige emerges about dey bill yeas age appascimately 160 duos Oke the wath was fared» How Lye Ono ww amalte, 4 deloale. dues laaog |e Dogeratim Ds Atreqenesis ‘ 31 Bin bong thaoey - Non elhelss, Segpecel agement provide im pac theviclerta ipsa , Eva lubion call- here. ore bux pes oy oW 1H A Parangbe Cll-- 40 - 6, 4 36,) 4 Guroryobe call. — 80 5 Ga, 440.) Inspile op their clygerences , fraabase molaulie mechgnisrr govern Me. process ood aves ope prokaroe Aearpvell. Inclicating thor alt presen dy cells _or “in_Combonahon sthese en Wei uss gest suggested oearing On 50me, sleps oplhe proce hot Simple oxgon. moksales- Gl form and spralon ously polyrmeriae, ints. Motromolocales anclec “the: = Conditions. thought to execs on rdmabive Cath aleosp here: Ak the bme Lipo arose, fhe souctes of enecqy. uoece_ UV rays or eledat discharge. or heats Cihhor alow cy Sout ‘Scanned with CamScanner| Fx Oa propelled cas that produied Cer raolewles ya clude Aen « 1.0 Au mle op Genome joe Th blocs, oF protons, huh ore the Component op protiplasm Stanley Muller and Yorold Urey inthe 150% showed that. the dis cho-ge q-alectie Sporks sto. a rmadsve of hyp [The {vst_pom we Celis called | e amino arcs are He building man methane crad_ammoria inthe presence qi HO Lead “te the. pocmation 9 avoriely | OF Organi _ molecule. tndud ag am nv aut —acelic arid 4 Lactic acid: Dthe nextstep 10 Cellular evaluation 18 the cm alton gp _maccomolecales | __Mocomerie_buildin Lolaci.s of macromo- Thales. tnre-alen doodle aa ile nee . _toosver, Hoe .Cetical characters tie. of | the mac molecule from oleh lye ouclved | ust hove the abit jt replete Ase nly 0. macomclecae cable he hes oF in ould have. al late_por th lathe lab 9 duct fajhat BNR Go olde’ o} Cally neas copies o Sde “IN o Chemical rearb (3) The Lege macromolecules oF ager Kinds Combine 40 porm mutts molecslae neaps or Compleres Some Simple fat % molecules Gre ange \awbelves around thas! [molecular Complae 10. Sock oF membans wos il tn the lab expercnen\ that chon Such complenes raached a coc born dey a Separaied fom the surrounding sclutive| 0.0 gorrn called Woceevate cleops. | Coacervate 4) O, the ta2o nngyor_Classes_ 0 in gaol snocencleauleel Atl ocd 4 Paoternl ces@ot dayalls, Only auclece oads (ore Cpobieg clicecluny“theie own Sely_ pL cobion «Nucleic ocids Seve 0s er_O1no Synthese Gs a Lresiell. o, Epetipc Lnase_posoug bbs on [Complementary tclentides. In early Hao; t_woosdis Cousre tmoa 4 Tom eecla Nc ond ilu | 10) fulcther evolution Cope, raprodycho O, nwcleotid »r n. > seat day cl @ Evolution of eka Nis _orrainaked wn 0 i Coeeg ga Aautag ashe |) | Pagic 6t0_mednaarsn. Of f ‘94 aacl ynthesiting f - | or. Eoeic_re, plications the gener “fond Cootnlled_ubbizabor of _ mbaloo' i and the peincigal pethioays. cf. ree gy 4 metabolism Goce highly Cansecved ta 7 Gey als (7 \Y eed |@.0 Of purine ealution we Of Ceorse 6 the pest Kind op-nu! egy Contal4y all elute: achubesbut. nok Sxygee_prdcas present Alk dls asses ATP 05 ther mebobobe _enesgy uty tr Arve IL the, actives = the méchansnn _rrvestne is the rnost recent used) Loy, ells for the Genecahon.oy-| 5 Stage which nude. Ty evdlutio OF gusyes Lag Photasynthesis tadvng op nui dative! metabolism development. Of those pa \Yhe each aad alles. thes | nange The pst phobsytbe coe auclved Sbulleen yeas op (yo cies Wy aH 4 Ir rlon chemoSynthes #s: _ — RrokaRtoTe eee | The pst fossils Of pokaryotic booace Shout 3-Sbillon years “aps athe? Z Cremasyn kw also_possible thal Srmplee Loackerra euolved Caclier . Pro histo hSynthebe Nocckeese_ formed _{ < called “Stromatotites “3 7 Nosodass.the_ leak uarceral cells rere though. +0 be Qorganss ris_lhagh oe the Hit and Hayght42_hove @luel aot oF oh h cy gusCar! [fanews? a ' se Gast (wor 2S (= SO gars — = —— iar 6 thought {9 be anaecobre) f ceitical step inthe evalube | and autolophe Veaing inmost lively eukaup be all was fre_aqusiheo sf acon Sulphur reach “yoda Vargthe membrane bound Sub callula: raped | euros alle wing the development op the Complaxat yer EO wechae a i Gg ory. OF eukoryohe cell — ss The Endo symlarotze. the Bucci Luca ee was tos proposed by The presen doy poacyoles which fa bioloast so mca \q the ieo’s) voclude Archae Gnd baclera cluverged cel eyercaly to he book 14 ast bHed early in ve Volution __Symbosis ta Cell_sevolutvon + The laces and the onast. complex ~ Eukaryotic cell ove eqalles cre. thasgit Prokaqypte “cg the Coinobackorca (ro rf have ‘en Gequire “Os. o.ces.cilé ofthe ohich phobsyettesis vole mbiobe associ edkiva_ op Piclcuyabic . _ alls with the _acchae. Gance ster Cf the] [yoo margulif — Eukceyotic Cell: ae ee a Ganaggele cl Cleweloped abort | thes Hhecey is cou Suppo-tec by Sid tbilon year5 0.90 fallovaing (-Ie5 On Macbroncha _and_Chlomplest ahh Uionyeors of prokaryotic evolution. ve _Mhoughtd aye giclee rom be eo Shidy:q Dvn Sequencies Hat ero bic and phe fteyn ttahic Boden | dicate that dechae § backena oefespectwel tle cecen’ gon each Olhw as es bree tn Both nchondia ant chlowplastace me present doy @urayote “ __[Similac-ty bacteria 10 Sree fhy ce pacloce -hlores-Lingly many Orchae_genes by bir.a« _f18sioa od myost_Imporfartly more Simlac bo those Of dukaryofe hoff conatn_[tigar SA Gnd fos «tis-2 ntese Of bactoro “hath ae detincds fem He tuckiar gence Of He cat ‘Scanned with CamScannerJed ithe Obalty 4b oon iste hobolemlesprctnn)- It The orguisiticn phe 0 could hove oles pauded qu i \lncepend ent opgerded bay the_abilty [ Jo peep phos yn es yf O Tre tect. & al These 16 (eagerly 6 i 9. screntisk | tho Erkoaist mathe j schled d the Loolgys: Theodor - op eakarycue. & Schwocn__nho_published fos ic find iregron op. Win tae 9.1034 tespedvely the. Dae edetule Se _— Nbongh: te Call Hruney 0005 exprestdupon ichich propriate Nuclectede eacber, Schladg and Schwon. stole Hereguited_in_gorn — Gn Rae Si encyclo ba oh occpt Ore bared “t._one_aritther woh Bel Ka excception optre Wheory 2.05 lor the enzyme Ree oohs merase proposed by aly, Noche lt aie who pointed that cull onge fom Pre_exxistiog Cells reel dispelling tpwh GC Ta 1 CG An deal tp Spoatanesss Creation off sedls_trom_0e living matter Ba Soho. Beene Thus, tho thoes Ma yor tenets olhglat od ‘Scanned with CamScannerNoe the Rua wil be exported ints th Grplosm One ib hos beer Syoths See inside thy aucleus op a euxoyete cell s - Process ks OF QAN- - Rover Brands are 3 types & mRaa Limes sangee Rua © enn Eransge. Raa ® RNa Taibo dome aun vANG a = _—they fem _0.Com ponent SF be bosom? Gat : »-dliecting the Synthesis Op. protein oo the nbosome — : mRoin sThey heey. enebc_inporm ation Op O gins tae fo Specie prokeir gs Ihe mua Usually [reo the re fan wk bngs te buteling becte ceguired D a -_ Genetic Code. _ ee _ Nroins ave ade up of Amin oadds ss Codon 2A Ample op. nudeotihs _comed jo Rap he a el dea do_not ant dle generate (O.doo? - Una Une UCR 00 po Coben aad ace Called _rn'bence Coden. aes When the Same amino acid ts Coded for by Moe fon One tober, bars 2 cepered Was decererate Codon { fode. : er the pst slep in_protein Syahe LORS One Ft the tage famnnodyl- C84 hese tlh, acivsbi-S¢-ceene_ 28 ‘Scanned with CamScanner| , Longe Abn Ci | Kron 0s onli-coden Co Til cece 3 Unpaved bases acl th | ly sign Yoo tomplemsston. Coden - { wet Soecunca. soniet Specigcal's ocusit. Amin d “act an geugice —@ f 4p 8ne anottee by mecns Of Chee cal ba Ore la ke. pephide boad — eS — the oun acid to the inst afkeched. ty MP now Orrigs | ozthe ribosome: where fhe Amino acd. ts addled 40 0. grazing 2-The prowess ¢ Continued tnt fe peptide chein_16_ complet [ Teemmatuon 4owes place ‘at one. op He _onscen’e. Codon Una Une [ond the than descuels tom the Nogt__eha molecule Dect be gone t e. a ouls ose ___ MuTATion oj nucleatde.1n_o.gene ,he_ateration og fh thing @pable Of Cousing the Changer tn He ul 6 ffukoaen wluh lide Un bit X-ray tonite radhation — | On the bos Op ejact a, mut, ng om clssiper td 2 —— i) Q Nastral_ mutation ah Fearne. saan GMonsence mutation \mutat delete” @ddyon Mes OF Onc _or more nuckotdes— “ Ate Sequerc OF Agree ‘Scanned with CamScannerport Re eneukeal mytchon is acho oo nudeot loser vable Qypecc Onthe Glbithe is £ pobobly because ach gma (65. it nthe 4 1 are: Codoa in which fu € bypos Code fo the. SOme amino ae Uaenerate code cl al nO Fe itatioe Lype Os mutation where a nucleo dl tha esultant Oy ect on the poole