What is a bill?

A bill is an initiative to write new legislation. The proposal

takes the form of a document that outlines the proposed
law’s structure and the policy that underpins it. A
member of Parliament may propose a bill, as may the
Parliament or the state governments.

The bill goes to the Upper House for consent after

passing the Lower House after the debate. The Indian
President is notified of the bill’s passage by the Upper
House and is asked to sign it. An act or statute is created
once the bill has been approved by Parliament. The
legislation does not always pass into law.

On the other hand, the President or the Governor,

depending on whether the bill is a central law or a state
law, is notified after the legislature has approved it and
asked to sign it. It becomes an act once it has received
presidential assent.

The legislature, such as the State Legislative Assembly or

Parliament, creates laws through acts. The only way to
modify or repeal this act after it has been enacted is to
pass a new act. Consequently, a law can be changed or a
new law can be created by a piece of legislation.

When this law is put into effect, it becomes a national law

that may or may not apply to the entire nation.
How does a bill become a law in India
An ordinary bill must go through five phases to become law.

PHASES DETAILS

The bill is introduced at the ‘first reading’ in one of the two houses of
Parliament by a minister or a member of the House. He or she must ask
for leave (permission) before introducing the bill. After that, the
measure’s title and purpose are read aloud.This is known as moving the
bill or making a motion to introduce the bill.
Phase 1: First The opposition can refute the moving of such a bill. Any member of the
Reading opposing party can object to the bill’s introduction. The speaker may
allow them to explain why. The issue will then go to a vote, according to
the Speaker. If the House approves the bill’s introduction, the next step is
taken and the bill is introduced.The bill is then presented, followed by its
publication in the Indian Gazette. It is also significant to remember that at
this time, there is no legislative dialogue.

Phase 2: The second reading is divided into two stages:First stageWhen the
Second fundamental idea behind the bill is discussed, it consists of a discussion of
Reading the bill as a whole. It is now up to the House or a Joint or Select
Committee of the Houses whether to acknowledge it right away or to
propagate it in order to get feedback.If a Joint or Select Committee is
given the task of reviewing the bill, they do so clause-by-clause, just like
the House. Members of the Committee have the authority to move
amendments to different clauses. Aside from associations, government
agencies, and professionals willing to get involved in the assessment, the
Committee may also hear testimony from them. The Committee then puts
forward its statement to the House, which then reconsiders the bill in the
light of the Committee’s report.The state governments and union
territories’ governments are used to gather public opinion when a bill is
publicised to do so. A motion to refer the bill to a Joint or Select
Committee must be made after the viewpoints are taken and placed on the
House’s table. Moving the motion for evaluation of the bill is typically
not allowed at this point. Second stageClause-by-clause analysis of the
proposed legislation or the Joint Committee’s report is done during this
 part of the second reading. During this session, every clause of the bill is
covered in depth, and proposed changes to clauses may be moved. Before
the House votes on suitable clauses, amendments to a clause that have
been moved but not yet revoked are put to the vote of the House. If
approved by a majority of the members present and voting, the
amendments are incorporated into the final text of the bill. The second
reading of the bill is considered complete once the clauses, schedules,
and, if applicable, clause 1, the ‘enacting formula’, have been approved
by the House. Joint Committee Members of the Joint Committee are
drawn from both houses.Select CommitteeMembers of the House’s Select
Committee are those to which the bill is introduced.

A motion to pass the bill can then be made by the member in charge. The discussion at
this point is limited to arguments for and against the bill, without further information
than that, which is extremely important.
The only amendments that may be offered at this time are those that are formal,
Phase 3: Third
unwritten, or resultant.To pass an ordinary bill, it must be approved by a simple
Reading
majority of the members present and voting. However, in order to pass a bill amending
the Constitution, it must receive the support of two-thirds of the members present and
voting in each House of Parliament, as well as the majority of the members of the
House.

At this stage, all three readings take place, just like before.Four possibilities exist at
this time:Without any charges, the bill is approved by the House.The bill could be sent
Fourth Phase:
back to the first (previous) House with modifications for a second look.It has the
Bill in other
option of dismissing the bill or keeping it pending. When a deadlock results from
House
inaction on a matter for six months, the President calls a joint meeting where the
majority of the members vote to pass the bill.

A bill that has been approved by both Houses is signed by the President. The Lok
Sabha Secretariat obtains the President’s assent in the specific instance of a money bill
or a bill passed at a joint sitting of the Houses. Only after receiving the President’s
Fifth Phase:
assent does a bill become an act. A bill may receive the assent of the President or not.
Assent of the
Unless it is a money bill, the President may also send the bill back to the House for
President
further consideration along with recommendations. However, if the Houses pass the
bill with or without amendments, the President is not permitted to hold back his or her
signature.
Bill No. 141 of 2023

THE CENTRAL UNIVERSITIES (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2023

A BILL further to amend the Central Universities Act, 2009. BE it enacted by
Parliament in the Seventy-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:—

Short title and commencement.

1. (1) This Act may be called the Central Universities (Amendment) Act, 2023. 5 25
of 2009. 10 (2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint.

Insertion of new section 3G. Establishment of Sammakka

Sarakka Central Tribal University.
2. In the Central Universities Act, 2009 (hereinafter referred to as the principal
Act), after section 3F, the following section shall be inserted, namely:— “3G. There
shall be established a Tribal University, which shall be a body corporate, to be
known as the Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University, having its territorial
jurisdiction extending to the whole of the State of Telangana, as specified in the
First Schedule to this Act, to provide avenues of higher education and research
facilities primarily for the tribal population of India.”. Short title and
commencement. Insertion of new section 3G. Establishment of Sammakka
Sarakka Central Tribal University. 2 Amendment of First Schedule.

Amendment of First Schedule.

3. In the First Schedule to the principal Act, after serial number 16 and the entries
relating thereto, the following serial number and entries shall be inserted, namely:
— "17. Telangana Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University Whole of the State
of Telangana."
 STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS

The Central Universities Act, 2009 was enacted to establish and incorporate
universities for teaching and research in various States and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto. 2. Establishment of Central Tribal University in the
State of Telangana will cater to the regional aspirations for years to come. It will
increase access and quality of higher education and facilitate and promote higher
education and research facilities for the people of the State. It will also promote
advanced knowledge by providing instructional and research facilities in tribal art,
culture and customs and advancement in technology to the tribal population of
India. Apart from bringing focus to tribal education, the Central Tribal University
shall carry out all educational and other activities like any other Central University.
Moreover, the establishment of a Central Tribal University in the State of
Telangana is obligatory under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
Therefore, the Government has decided to establish a new Central Tribal
University in the State of Telangana namely, the “Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal
University”. 3. Accordingly, it is proposed to amend the Central Universities Act,
2009 to provide for the establishment of a Central University by the name of
"Sammakka Sarakka Central Tribal University" in the State of Telangana. 4. The Bill
seeks to achieve the above objects.
 FINANCIAL MEMORANDUM

Clause 2 of the Bill seeks to insert a new section 3G in the Central Universities Act,
2009
which provides for the establishment of a new University, to be known as the
Sammakka
Sarakka Central Tribal University, as a body corporate having territorial
jurisdiction extending
to the whole of the State of Telangana.
2. The University will be set up with a budgetary provision of rupees 889.07
crores for
seven years in two phases. The said expenditure shall be met from the
Consolidated Fund of
India through the budgetary provisions of the Ministry of Education.