Experiment No.

2
Simple Analog to Digital Converter.

• Proteus installation and introduction.

• Proteus Simulation of A/D Conversion.

OBJECTIVE
• Introduction of Proteus 7.8V.
• The ability to convert analog signals to digital and vice-versa is very
important in signal processing. The objective of an A/D converter is to
determine the output digital word waveform corresponding to an analog
input signal.

EQUIPMENT
• Proteus 7.8V
• ADC0808
• Data sheet of ADC0808

THEORY
Normally analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) needs interfacing through a
microprocessor to convert analogue data into digital format. This requires
hardware and necessary software, resulting in increased complexity and
hence the total cost. The circuit of A-to-D converter shown here is
configured around ADC 0808, avoiding the use of a microprocessor.
The ADC 0808 is an 8-bit A-to-D converter, having data lines D0-D7. It
works on the principle of successive approximation. It has a total of eight
analogue input channels, out of which any one can be selected using
address lines A, B and C. Here, in this case, input channel IN0 is selected
by grounding A, B and C address lines. Usually the control signals EOC
(end of conversion), SC (start conversion), ALE (address latch enable) and
OE (output enable) are interfaced by means of a microprocessor. However,
the circuit shown here is built to operate in its continuous mode without
using any microprocessor.
 1
Therefore the input control signals ALE and OE, being active-high, are tied to Vcc
(+5 volts). The input control signal SC, being active-low, initiates start of
conversion at falling edge of the pulse, whereas the output signal EOC becomes
high after completion of digitization. This EOC output is coupled to SC input,
where falling edge of EOC output acts as SC input to direct the ADC to start the
conversion.
As the conversion starts, EOC signal goes high. At next clock pulse EOC output
again goes low, and hence SC is enabled to start the next conversion. Thus, it
provides continuous 8-bit digital output corresponding to instantaneous value of
analogue input. The maximum level of analogue input voltage should be
appropriately scaled down below positive reference (+5V) level.
The ADC 0808 IC requires clock signal of typically 550 kHz, which can be easily
derived from an a stable multi-vibrator constructed using 7404 inverter gates. In
order to visualize the digital output, the row of eight LEDs (LED1 through LED8)
have been used, wherein each LED is connected to respective data lines D0
through D7. Since ADC works in the continuous mode, it displays digital output
as soon as analogue input is applied.

Proteus Introduction:
Proteus is software for microprocessor HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor" simulation, schematic capture, and
printed circuit board HYPERLINK
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" (PCB) design. It is developed
by Lab HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Labcenter_Electronics&action=edit&redlink=1"- HYPERLINK
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title=Labcenter_Electronics&action=edit&redlink=1"center Electronics
HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Labcenter_Electronics&action=edit&redlink=1".

System components

ISIS Schematic Capture - a tool for entering designs.

PROSPICE Mixed mode SPICE simulation - industry standard SPICE3F5
simulator combined with a digital simulator.

ARES PCB Layout - PCB design system with automatic component placer, rip-up
and retry auto-router and interactive design rule checking.

VSM - Virtual System Modeling lets co-simulate embedded software for popular
microcontrollers alongside hardware design.

System Benefits Integrated package with common user interface and fully context
sensitive help.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig: Simple Analog to Digital Converter)
PROCEDURE
• Make the circuit as shown in fig.
• Write the step by step procedure of simulation of Analog to Digital
converter.

Procedure:
• Draw the circuit in proteus according to the above shown diagram.
• Set the frequency of clock at 500 Hz and digital pulse at 1K Hz.
• Set the amplitude of input analog sinusoidal wave at 5V with 50 Hz
Frequency.
• Run the simulation AND VIEW THE RESULTS.
 RESULTS (Output digital waveform)

Levels
PLO
Criteria Beginning (1) Developing (2) Accomplished (3) Exemplary (4)
no
Student is unable to With instructor/ With instructor/ Student is able to
apply described supervisor’s supervisor’s guidance, apply all procedural
Apply Procedural procedure to perform guidance, student student is able to knowledge to
activity despite is able to apply apply all described independently
Knowledge to
1 instructor/ some of the procedure to fully perform activity
perform an
supervisor’s guidance. described perform activity. without instructor/
activity procedure to supervisor’s guidance.
partially perform
activity.
With instructor/ Student is able to
With instructor/ supervisor’s independently design
Student is unable to supervisor’s guidance, systems, components
Design systems, design systems, guidance, student student is able and/or processes to
components components and/or is able to partially to fully design meet specifications
3 and/or processes processes to meet design systems, systems, without instructor/
to meet specifications despite components components supervisor’s guidance.
specifications instructor/ and/or processes and/or
supervisor’s guidance. to meet processes to
specifications. meet
specifications.
With instructor/ With instructor/ Student is able to
Student is unable to
supervisor’s supervisor’s guidance, independently
Data Analysis and analyze/ interpret
guidance, student student is able to fully analyze/interpret
4 interpretation of obtained results
is able to partially analyze/interpret obtained results
obtained results despite instructor/
analyze/interpret obtained results. without instructor/
supervisor’s guidance.
obtained results. supervisor’s guidance.
5 Operational Skills Student has shown With instructor/ With instructor/ Student can
for little to no ability to supervisor’s supervisor’s guidance, handle/use all
handle/use guidance, student student can equipment/software
 Hardware/Softwa equipment/software can handle/use
re equipment and and involved some of the handle/use all and involved
involved components despite equipment/ equipment/software components without
components instructor/ software and and involved instructor/
supervisor’s guidance. involved components. supervisor’s guidance.
components.
Student has shown With instructor/
little to no regard for supervisor’s Student has followed
With instructor/
Follow personal personal and guidance, student all safety rules and
supervisor’s guidance,
6 and equipment equipment safety followed some of protocols without
student followed all
Safety Rules regulations despite the personal and instructor/
safety rules.
instructor/ equipment safety supervisor’s guidance.
supervisor’s guidance. regulations

Psychomotor Domain Rubrics

Activity Name  EXPERIMENT No. 2
Group No. 
Student Roll No. 15562

C PL Domain +
N
L O Taxonomy Criteria Awarded Score (out of 4 for each cell)
o.
O
Operational Skills for Hardware/Software
1 5 5 P3 equipment and involved components
2 6 10 A3 Effectively reported the activity performed
in lab
- - - -
Total
-