Technical methods that affect the industry Mobile networks are one of the most technical aspects of any

mobile company and the technological changes affecting the networks have changed considerably, since the first mobile company Paktel was introduced in Pakistan. Patels network ran on advanced mobile phone system (AMPS). Amps WAS THE ANALOG MOBILE PHONE STANDARD DEVELOPMENT BY bell Labs. AMPS were a first generation cellular technology that used separate frequencies or channels, for each conversation. AMPS used considerably more computing power in order to select frequencies; however cell centers could flexible assign channels to handsets based on signal strength, allowing the same frequency to be reused in various locations without interference. However it suffered from some weaknesses when compared to todays digital technologies. Since it is an analog standard it was very susceptible to static and noise and had no protection from caves dropping used scanner. However with the introduction of mobilink in 1992, Pakistans mobile industry entered into the second generation of mobile networks with GSM. GSM is the most popular standard for mobile phones me the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82% of the global mobile markets use the standard. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech channels, which are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system. GSM also pioneered the short message service (SMS), which is now supported on other mobile standards as well; Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Currently all mobile networks of Pakistan entered the 2.5G. Mobile networks entered the 2.5G, by implementing the General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). It is a packet oriented mobile data service available to users of GSM. GPRS can be used for services such as wireless application protocol (WAP) access, Short message service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), and for th internet communication services such as email and world wide web access. Later on, enhanced

data rates for global evolution (EDGE) was introduced, EDGE is an upgrade that provides a potential three-fold increase in capacity of GSM/GPRS networks. Although EDGE is a 3G technology, but it is considered as a part of 2.5G technology, however sometimes separately referred to as 2.75G. Currently the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority is planning to launch 3G licenses in Pakistan, starting from the end of 2008. 3G networks enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Additionally features also include HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to 14.4Mbits/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink. Furthermore 3G networks offer a greater Degree of security than 2G predecessors.

Technological Factors Advances in technology can have a major impact on business success. Technological Change impacts socio cultural attitudes as well as on economy. Y Companies have technology with which they can compete in the Pakistan and now companies are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand coverage but also to upgrade their existing systems. The current focus in cellular industry is coverage and establishing franchises which has a positive effect on the telecom industry. Introduction of CDMA technology in the Mobile SIMS which is also an opportunity for the mobile companies. The latest technology of 3G mobile communications has been earmarked and PTA will soon beinviting applications for 3G spectrum auction. This technology will increase operating capacityand revenues by using HSPA technology. Companies have technology with which they can compete in the Pakistan and now companies are investing in their infrastructure to not only expand but also to upgrade their existing structure. Political Factors The government plays an important role in the operation and manufacturing products and Services in terms of regulations. Following are some of the factors

Due to the unpredictable political and governmental changes rules and regulation are changedquite frequently. Currently government has increased the taxes in the telecommunication sectorthat will also a harder in the smooth operation of telecom operation. Before WTO implementation for deregulation of different sectors of the economy. Pakistan government taken the step to regulate the telecom sector by the authority of PTA. There are two types of Regulators held by PTA; the first is called the Wide Competition governmental rules can not be completely applicable in this sector due to the regulation authority of PTA. lashes among political parties. Inside country war and drown attacks in north frontier areas. This political instability has led to uncertain environment in the country, which is a threat for any business including all thecompanies of the Pakistani Telecom Sector. Environment of telecom is investor friendly and have great potential to gain profit. The mobile phone tele-density which had reached to 58.70 by the end of February 2010. In Pakistan, the total number of subscribers which had touched an all-time high figure of 96,231,229 in February2010. Due to huge budget deficit and low growth of economy government has increased the taxes in telecom sector. Pre-paid customers were charged 10 per cent withholding tax on every new load, which was deducted in advance. The customers were also paying 15 per cent sales tax on every call. However, the 18 present governments increased the sales tax from 15 per cent to 21 per cent for mobile users by declaring the mobile phone a luxury item.