Co-ordination Introduction and

Nomenclature-1
compounds
LECTURE 1
Dr. Monica Bedi
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Co-ordination Introduction and
Nomenclature-1
compounds
LECTURE 1
Co-ordination compounds
● What is a coordinate bond ?
Introduction to a Coordination compound

Ligand Bond

Central
metal
bond

Coordination
sphere
Coordination Chemistry
● The branch of inorganic chemistry that deals with study of
coordination compounds is known as coordination chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds

a. Coordination entity (complex) - constitute a central metal atom or

ion bonded to fixed number of ions or molecules.
b. Central atom / ion - Central atom / ion in the coordination entities
[NiCl2(H2O)4], [CoCl(NH3)5]2+ and [Fe(CN)6]3- are Ni2+ , Co3+ and Fe3+,
Respectively.
a. Ligands - the ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in the
coordination entity are called ligands. Cl-, H2O or NH3
Coordination Chemistry
Definitions of some important terms pertaining to coordination compounds

a. Coordination number - the coordination number of a metal ion in a

complex can be defined as the number of ligand donor atoms to
which the metal is directly bonded
b. Coordination sphere - the central atom/ion and the ligands
attached to it enclosed in square bracket and is collectively termed
as the coordination sphere.
Ligands
● The neutral molecules or ions that surround the metal ion in a
complex are known as ligands. The atom in the ligand which is
involved in the formation of co-ordinate bond with central metal
atom is called coordinating atom or donor atom.
1. Unidentate : with one donor site
2. Di or bidentate : with two donor sites
3. Tridentate : with three donor sites
4. Tetradentate : with four donor sites
5. Hexadentate : with six donor sites
Nomenclature of coordination compounds
● First you need to learn how to find oxidation state of central atom
Nomenclature of coordination compounds
Name Formula Charge Name of ligand

:
Ammonia NH3 Zero Ammine

:
Water H2O : Zero Aquo or aqua

Halide ion X- (X= Cl, br, I ) -1 Halo

Hydroxide ion :OH- -1 hydroxo

Cyanide :CN- -1 Cyano

Carbonate CO2-3 -2 Carbonato

Sulphate ion SO2-4 -2 Sulphato

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51
0 Find Oxidation state of metals in the following

A. [Co(CN)(H2O)(en)2]2+ ;
B. [PtCl4]2-
C. [CrCl3(NH3)3] :
D. [CoBr2(en)2]+ :
E. K3[Fe(CN)6] :
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2
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51
0 Find Oxidation state of metals in the following

A. [Fe(CO)5] :
B. [Fe(C2O4)3]3- :
C. [Cu(CN)4]3-
D. [Co(CN) (H20) (en)2 ]2+ :
E. [Co Br2(en)2 ]+ :
Specify the oxidation numbers of the following coordination entities

A. [Co(CN)(H2O)(en)2]2+
B. [PtCl4]2-
C. [CrCl3(NH3)3]
D. [CoBr2(en)2]+
E. K3[Fe(CN)6]
Rules for naming of mononuclear coordination compounds

● Rule - I : order of naming ions - the cation is named first followed

by the name of anion.
● Rule - II - Naming of coordination sphere - in naming the complex,
the names of the ligands are written first followed by the name of
the central ion.
Naming of ligands

● Rule - III Names of ligands surrounding the central metal atom are
written in alphabetical order of preference irrespective of whether
they are negative or neutral
● Rule - IV The oxidation number by the name of the central metal
atom is expressed by roman numeral in bracket just after the name
of the central metal atom.
● So ,The sequence of naming coordination sphere is as :

( Name of ligands ) ( name of central metal atom)

(oxidation number of metal in roman numeral )

Naming of ligands

● Rule - V For the ligands carrying a negative charge the name has a
characteristics ending word “O”

CH3COO- acetato NCS- isothiocyanato N3- Nitrido

NH2- amido NO-2 Nitro S2- sulphido or thio

Cl- Chlorido O2- Oxo H- Hydrido

HS- hydrogen sulphido N3- azido CH3O- methoxo

CN- Cyano O2-2 peroxo CO2-3 carbonato

C2O42- oxalato OH- hydroxo SO2-4 sulphato

NH2- imido SCN- thiocynato

Naming of ligands

● For the ligands carrying a positive charge, the name of the ligand
has a characteristics ending of “ium”
● NO2+ Nitronium
● For neutral ligands no characteristics ending is used
● NH2 CH2 CH2 NH2 ethylenediamine
● Rule - VI Ending of name of the central atom. - names of complex
cations and neutral molecules have no distinguishing termination
but in the case of anionic complexes the suffix “ate’ is attracted to
the name of the central atom.
IUPAC names of some complexes

1. [Co(NH3)6Cl3

1. [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2

1. [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl

1. K4[Ni(CN)4]

1. [Co(NH3)3(NO2)3]
IUPAC names of some complexes

1. [Pt(NH3)6]Cl4

1. K3[Fe(CN)6]

1. [Cr(H20)3 (NH3)3 ]Cl3

1. [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]

1. Na2[SiF6]
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