(p.

T-184)

Lesson 8 大象虐待：泰國觀光業的黑暗祕密
當課教學重點
Reading Strategy Identifying Author’s Purpose: PIE
Language Highlight Transitional Phrases: What’s More and Worse Still
Sentence Pattern N, all/most/some/... of which/whom (+ S) + V...
Language in Use It is high time that S + were/V-ed...
Listening Strategy Listening for Classification
Write Smart* Writing about Stray Animals
*Write Smart 寫作別冊內容請參見書末。

呼應英語文領綱的學習重點
學習內容 Ae-Ⅴ-9 不同體裁、不同主題之文章。
B-V-12 故事及短文的主旨或大意。

課文大意
本文講述的是泰國觀光業下大象的悲歌。「大象騎乘」是許多遊客造訪泰
國時的指定行程。然而，這些大象多數是幼象時期就被盜獵者獵捕而來，成長
過程中經馴獸師毫不留情地痛打折磨，進而被馴化並能聽懂人類指令。牠們無
止盡地天天接送客人，身體的脊椎與背部更因所承受的重量而造成永久性的傷
害。我們都應正視這個問題，並且加入拒絕騎乘大象的行列。當觀光業者不再
依靠騎乘大象來獲利時，受虐的大象或許就能脫離苦海。

核心概念
本文與役用動物（working animals）有關，介紹泰國觀光業中受虐待的大
象。學生可以從文中領會到，為了滿足人類的需求，動物們常會被迫承受與面
對原不應有的境遇。透過本課，希望學生能留意觀光業的發展對動物或環境的
傷害，並思索問題的解決之道；反思動物與人類之間如何取得一個共生但平和
的關係，且習得對生命的尊重與關懷。

從閱讀到寫作
藉由文中對於大象悲慘境遇的描述，本課的教學設計除了複習第一冊第三
課已學過的因果關係（cause and effect）以外，還要讓學生學習運用因果關係
來分析流浪動物的困境始末。
在兩個連續發生的事件中，當其中一個事件是另一事件的原因時，這兩個
事件之間就存在著因果關係。事物之間的因果關係可以是單一的也可以是連鎖

1
的。
• 單一因果關係：A 造成 B
例如：小明前一天熬夜，所以早上爬不起來。
• 連鎖因果關係：A 造成 B，B 導致 C，C 又導向 D
例如：小明前一天熬夜，所以早上爬不起來，以至於他錯過公車，結果早自
習遲到沒有考到試，最後在課堂上被老師責罵。
一般來說，我們可透過轉折語或連接詞來了解事物之間的因果關係，例如：
so、therefore、because 等，但有時從事件的對應關係也能判斷出其先後與因果
順序。
學生可從課文架構圖（Graphic Organizer）掌握大象是如何成為觀光業中的
受害者，然後在寫作任務（Write Smart）裡利用因果關係分析臺灣的流浪動物
問題，並陳述其始末。

2
(p. T-185.1)
章首情境圖
請學生仔細觀察章首情境圖，回答以下的問題或發表自己的意見。
1. Look at the man and the elephant. Which country are they from? How do you
know?
2. What is the elephant used for?
3. Have you ever ridden an elephant? If not, do you want to? Share your experience
or thoughts.

課前活動
第一部分：影片題
＊ Scan and Watch
Elephant rides in Thailand: Fun or cruel?
https://ltn.tw/aUZHiuR
影片出處：https://ltn.tw/Ay4UzrZ (01:42-04:30)

影片內容
本部影片描述大象 Ning 與象夫 Soy 一天的早晨例行行程。每天在迎接第一批
遊客之前，Soy 會步行前往離家不遠的象舍，餵食 Ning、帶牠刷洗、為牠安上
座墊，數十年如一日。對象夫 Soy 來說，Ning 有如他的家人密不可分。

重要字詞補充
1. mahout n. 象夫
2. tamer n. 馴獸師
3. shackle n. 腳鐐
4. bullhook n. 象鉤
5. grooming n. 擦洗；刷洗
6. scrub n. 擦洗；刷洗
7. saddle v. 給⋯⋯上鞍

教學說明
 播放影片前
1. 將學生分成四人一組，每組發一張空白紙張。請學生寫下他們所知的大象用
途，計時 1 分鐘。
2. 可邀請兩至三名學生上臺分享答案。
3. 帶領學生閱讀並理解題目選項。

3
 播放影片
1. 第一次播放，請學生仔細聽，理解影片大致內容即可。
2. 第二次播放時，可以請學生回答以下數字所代表的意義。若有需要，可按暫
停，分段播放影片，或再播一次。
6:30 10 200 79
40 3.5

參考答案：
(1) Mr. Soy gets ready for work at around half past six (6:30) every morning.
(2) Mr. Soy has been the elephant’s handler for more than 10 years.
(3) The elephant Ning can eat about 200 kilograms of food every day.
(4) There are 79 elephants in the camp.
(5) The riding seat Ning carries weighs around 40 kilograms.
(6) The elephant Ning weighs about 3.5 tons.

 播放影片後
1. 請學生與鄰近的同學分享答案，然後再與學生確認答案是否正確。
2. 若學生感興趣，可到泰國一些大象庇護所的網站查詢更多資料。以下網站提
供參考：
(1) Elephant Jungle Sanctuary
https://ltn.tw/ZMVg8m5
(2) Elephant Nature Park
https://ltn.tw/PxKS92D

4
(p. T-185.2)
補充資料
Maesa Elephant Camp
影片中的大象 Ning 是生活在湄莎大象營（Maesa Elephant Camp）中的大象
之一。湄莎大象營創立於 1976 年，該園區過去一直提供遊客騎乘大象及大象表
演的服務，也曾因強迫大象學習繪畫、擲飛鏢等特技而飽受批評。
在 2020 年，受新冠肺炎疫情影響，遊客數量急遽減少，湄莎大象營以此為
契機決定改變營運模式，進行轉型。2020 年 3 月開始，園區內全面停止提供大
象騎乘的服務，而且園區中的大象也不需受腳鐐的束縛，可以在園區中自由行
動生活。園區負責人 Kalampichit 表示，「園區過去因束縛動物而被批評，所以
我們決定解放牠們。」「當園區未來重新開放時，我們會將重點放在『教導』
遊客關於大象的一切，並且不會再強迫大象載運遊客或表演特技。」2020 年 6
月 15 日，園區已重新開放。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/jo2NX1G
https://ltn.tw/pFPtwjg
https://ltn.tw/z1m4Cbk

第二部分：圖片題
1. 請學生四人為一組，仔細觀察圖片，討論圖中的四隻腳分別屬於哪種動物，
並解釋牠們的腳上為何被上鎖鍊，設想牠們可能承受了哪些不人道的待遇。
2. 鼓勵學生使用課本提供的句構回答問題，並分享自己的看法。
3. 若時間允許，可以鼓勵學生分組上網查詢跟猴子、豹、熊、大象等相關的動
物虐待報導與影片，並跟全班分享。

補充資料
抽取熊膽（bear bile farming）
1980 年代中國就開始有圈禁野生黑熊並抽取膽汁以賺取暴利的情況，其過
程之無情殘忍令人不忍卒睹。而取膽時的侵入性手法，例如將鐵條打入熊膽裡，
更是會造成熊莫大的痛苦。在經過許多動保團體的監督與四處奔走下，黑熊所
承受的虐待已逐漸為世人所重視且力圖解決。雖然至今在中國與越南仍有不少
不良商人非法經營這門生意，但透過線上加入相關動保團體，聲援與金援他們，
都能有效地改善現存黑熊的境遇。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/K8abHR9

課本參考解答
These animals are chained because they need to work for human beings. The
third animal from the left is a bear. As far as I know, many bears in China are

5
 chained and caged so that illegal merchants can get their bile, which can be sold at
a very high price.

主題補充資料
1. 9 ‘Jumbo’ Reasons Not to Ride on an Elephant
此網站提供九個為何我們不應該騎乘大象的理由：
(1) 幼象被非法捕獲，並從母象身邊被奪走，而且母象常常因為為了保護幼象
而被殺害。
(2) 幼象會被綑綁和毆打，直到牠們完全服從訓練者。
(3) 研究發現遭受虐待的大象常會有創傷後壓力症候群。
(4) 野生大象能夠在野外盡情活動，但被捕捉後，只能被迫在狹窄的環境生活，
即使在大熱天，也得來回背負遊客。
(5) 沒有工作的時候，牠們被鐵鍊綁在水泥地的小屋裡，而水泥地會對牠們腳
造成傷害。
(6) 被捕捉的大象缺乏營養的食物、足夠的飲用水和該有的醫療。
(7) 缺乏運動和長時間站在硬地上導致腳、關節和背部傷害，也使得牠們的壽
命比一般大象少了數十年。
(8) 根據報導，多起人類傷亡事件與被捕捉的大象有關，未被報導的案例可能
更多。
(9) 由於對大象被虐待情事的關注，許多大象營被冠上如保護營或庇護所之類
的名稱，但殘忍的訓練依舊存在。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/LJdBM6p (英文)

6
(p. T-185.3)
2. The Truth behind Elephant Cruelty—Elephant Riding in Thailand
此網站中的文章探討了騎乘大象的這個議題。作者在進行東南亞之旅時，
來到泰國清邁一處由大象保育專家所管理的大象營，在那裡他參與了國際大象
日，看到村民和大象的互動，但也看到大象在表演和載運遊客。這讓他開始了
對泰國大象生活狀況的調查。
在作者的調查中發現，諸多對於騎乘大象的批評來自於曾有影片揭露幼象
遭受殘忍對待，這也成為一些動物保護組織鼓吹禁騎大象的重要基礎。
TripAdvisor 甚至從 2016 年開始禁止與大象表演或騎乘相關的活動出現在其網頁
上。這樣的反對浪潮導致泰國內大象騎乘和大象表演相關的需求大幅滑落。
作者也提到，其實泰國的大象觀光產業的誕生，並非一開始便因旅遊業者想
以其牟利而生。泰國以大象為役用動物有很長的歷史，從 15 世紀開始的戰象，
到 19 世紀末的伐木業搬運，大象一直是泰國人仰賴的重要役用動物。1989 年，
泰國政府為了保育森林不再被非法濫伐，對伐木業下達禁令，飼養眾多象群的
伐木業者為謀求生路，不得已開始讓象群們在街頭賣藝，以獲取金錢，象群們
也才得以與飼主們一起生存；後來才漸漸轉變為我們熟知的大象觀光產業。
泰國現在有非常多的大象營和庇護所都藉由宣傳大象不會受到虐待及嚴格
禁止騎乘大象來吸引遊客。然而，這樣的操作模式仍存在疑慮。例如大象在這
種環境中缺乏活動且常被遊客餵食，容易造成糖尿病等其他疾病。或是雖然象
夫不使用象鉤等傳統訓練工具，但卻改用其他具傷害性的工具。
在此篇文章中，作者並不鼓勵完全杯葛大象觀光產業，因為這會讓有良好
制度的大象營無法繼續經營，也會阻礙大象保育的永續經營。作者最後也呼籲
大象營的遊客多注意大象的工作環境以及業者對於訓練大象的立場。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/UGeQ41C (英文)

選文參考資料
1. 殘酷的象隻圈養產業
世上約四萬五千頭的亞洲象中，有三至四千頭被圈養在泰國。牠們從叢林被
硬生生地帶走、被賣掉、被迫在街上乞討、拖運非法砍伐的原木或是娛樂遊客。
無論是被從野外捕來或是被圈養，大象都因利潤豐厚的泰國觀光業忍受著難以
想像的虐待。與其花錢來傷害大象，遊客們不如進行零虐待的旅遊，並敦促朋
友遠離那些觀光景點，因其背後充斥對象隻的買賣與折磨。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/eR6GAGe

2. 大象自然公園成立的初衷
本文作者造訪泰國的大象自然公園（Elephant Nature Park），訪問園區的志工
並介紹大象自然公園的創辦人，說明她成立大象保護區的初衷以及如何拯救受
虐的大象，也對園區的發展做了詳盡的解說。同時，藉由拍攝各地利用大象招

7
攬遊客的照片，作者更揭露大象所承受的不人道虐待與痛苦。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/8bB5988

3. 大象觀光助長動物虐待
數以百萬計的人想要騎大象自拍、替大象洗澡或拍打大象的鼻子，這些觀光
活動皆助長了業者從野外捕獲大象的數量。這些大象被迫忍受嚴酷的訓練，終
生處在惡劣的生活條件。除了與圈養的大象互動之外，與海豚一同游泳，或擁
抱幼虎拍照等，都是眾多涉及動物旅遊的一部分，這些活動都可能影響動物的
生存權利，並危及人們的安全。因此，對世界各地的野生動物旅遊景點進行旅
遊教育是迫切需要的。
資料來源：https://ltn.tw/6243JU6

8
(pp. T-186~187)

閱讀策略
呼應英語文領綱的學習重點
學習內容 Ae-V-12 敘述者的觀點、態度、及寫作目的。
C-V-4 國際議題（如全球暖化、人工智慧、氣候變遷等）。
C-V-5 地球村觀點、生命及全球永續發展的關注。
學習表現 8-V-7 能養成地球村的觀念，尊重生命與全球的永續發展。
3-V-15 能分析及判斷文章內容，了解敘述者的觀點、態度及寫作
目的。

教學說明
本策略的教學重點在於引導學生了解文本作者的寫作目的。
1. 在閱讀文本之前，老師可以先引導學生思考一般的寫作目的通常有什麼，
再繼續介紹此策略所介紹的 PIE。（4 分鐘）
2. 說明完閱讀策略後，請學生閱讀文本，並判斷三個文本各別符合 PIE 的哪
一種，同時完成閱讀策略活動。（8 分鐘）
3. 核對答案並請學生指出判斷依據後，再進行閱讀理解題。（4 分鐘）
4. 如時間許可，老師可利用本課策略來帶入媒體識讀的概念。老師可以用
LINE 或其他社群媒體常轉傳的簡短圖片或是文字內容來當例子，請學生判
斷訊息內容製作者可能想達到的目的。

策略說明
「作者的寫作目的」是在各種閱讀策略中極為重要，但於教學中不易讓學
生有深刻印象的一種。因為單一文本不易讓學生比較不同的寫作目的，故本課
的閱讀策略，採用三個不同形式但同一主題的文本，讓學生比較不同寫作目的
的差異，並為後續的寫作教學留下引子。
辨識寫作目的是非常關鍵的閱讀理解技巧，可以幫助讀者跳脫文本去理解
文章，避免見樹不見林。學生除了可以運用此技巧判斷該篇的 TA（target
audience）之外，也可進一步認識寫作目的與寫作策略間的關聯。

辨識作者寫作目的：PIE
作者寫作時有想傳達給讀者的目的。寫作目的有三種
主要分類──說服、提供資訊及娛樂。了解作者的寫作目的可以幫助讀者辨
識出作者在文字背後想傳達的意圖。這也可以幫助讀者判斷故事或文章對他
們是否有用。
說服──作者試圖使讀者同意或是做某事。作者的意見明確且直接。

9
提供資訊──作者以中立的立場提供讀者可能有興趣的訊息。解釋、定義、
數據及流程都是這類文章常見的內容。
娛樂──作者以有趣的方式吸引讀者注意。作者利用文中人物說明其觀點。

教學活動
策略活動題
本活動讓學生閱讀三種不同的文本來增強對 PIE 的了解。請學生先了解閱
讀策略的內容後，再閱讀文本，並進行策略活動題。
Text 1：此文本提供象牙的相關資訊，包含象牙的字源、用途等。文中未明確表
示作者的觀點或是希望讀者採取的任何行動，故可判斷寫作目的為提供
讀者訊息。
Text 2：此文本為漫畫形式，以反諷的輕鬆口吻表達大象的處境，故可知目的為
娛樂。
Text 3：此文本除了提供確切的數據來傳達大象所受到的傷害之外，也有明確的
行動建議（即最後兩句），可以據此判斷寫作目的為說服。

閱讀理解題
本題主要測驗學生在文本中擷取及統整訊息的能力。Text 1 提到的是人類
如何利用象牙，並未提到象牙對人類的重要性，故(A)有誤。Text 2 確實用了諷
刺的口吻，但在文本中結束象牙貿易為時已晚，大象早已不見蹤影，故(B)有誤。
由 Text 3 的最後「Say no to ivory products. Save the elephants!」可知作者呼籲讀
者採取的行動，故(C)正確。

參考資料
在 Green Humor 的網站上有許多與環境生態相關的英文漫畫，若學生程度
較佳，可多補充給學生閱讀。
https://ltn.tw/6uGfy1S

文本簡介
本課提供環繞同一主題，但形式相異的三篇文本，分別為 Text 1 說明文
（連續性文本），Text 2 漫畫內文，Text 3 數據資訊（非連續性文本）。

文本翻譯
Text 1
大象以美麗的象牙而聞名。事實上，英文中 elephant 的這個字就來自於希
臘文中的 elephas，而 elephas 這個字的原意就是象牙。象牙其實是從大象口中
向外延伸出的大牙。大象用象牙來掘土、舉物、剝下樹皮來吃以及自衛。然而，

10
人類也發現了象牙可以有許多用途。例如，象牙被用在許多形式的藝術品或是
許多其他產品。

Text 2
1. 大家！大家！象牙交易被禁止了！我們有救了！
2. 人呢？
3. 咦，大家都去哪了？

Text 3
大象可能在 10 年內絕種。
每年有多達 35,000 頭大象遭到獵殺以取得象牙。
每 15 分鐘就有一頭大象遭到偷獵。
對象牙製品說不。拯救大象！

11
(pp. T-188.1~188.2)
課文學習重點表
＊句型標註：句型 語用
Every year, Thailand sees millions of tourists, many of whom 2have a lot of 3fun
1

riding elephants. 4In fact, this activity is often the highlight of a visitor’s vacation, and
these rides bring a lot of money into the Thai economy. However, there is a dark side
to elephant tourism 5that would horrify many travelers.
6
Due to high demand in Thailand’s tourism industry, the illegal trade of young
elephants has developed. 7Being 8highly social creatures in their natural habitat,
elephants often travel great distances in herds which are led by females.
9
Unfortunately, a number of young wild elephants are lured away from their
mothers and into traps by brutal trappers. Any females from the herd which try to
protect their innocent babies 10may be shot mercilessly. The elephants that 11fall
victim to the traps are then sold to tour operators. That is 12when the real horror
begins, 13as the elephants are often violently abused. These young elephants are
confined in very small cages. Furthermore, they are beaten without mercy 14for days
and even struck 15with sharp nails. Such psychological torture and physical abuse,
both of which cause extreme suffering, are committed to 16make them obedient to
their human trainers.
17
Once the elephants are tamed, they 18are forced into a life of slavery. Many of
them 19are made to carry people on their backs at tourist attractions and elephant
camps. 20Since an elephant’s spine is vulnerable to pressure from above, carrying
heavy tourists for hours every day 21can lead to painful, permanent back injuries.
What’s more, they are 22denied 23an adequate amount of food and water, 24which
25
further 26contributes to their exhaustion. Worse still, these elephants are beaten
27
as they work; their flesh is struck with bullhooks. On average, more than 13 million
tourists ride elephants in Thailand every year. This puts money in the pockets of
28
those who capture and 29take advantage of them, which allows the cruel elephant
trade to continue.
Supply 30never comes without demand, and it is high time that we dealt with
the 31roots of this problem. When you visit Thailand, avoid companies 32profiting
from elephant tourism. 33As an alternative, visit one of Thailand’s three national
parks 34where wild elephants roam free. There, you can take pleasure in seeing these
complex, intelligent animals as they happily go about their lives in peace.

★表重要文法觀念與句型結構

12
◎表重要搭配詞、轉承詞、介系詞等
重點 核心考點
句型：N, all/most/some/... of which/whom (+ S) + V... 
語用：It is high time that S + were/V-ed.... 
1. millions of... 數百萬的……
2. have fun + V-ing 做某事得到樂趣 
3. fun n. [U] 有趣的事；樂趣
4. in fact 當轉承詞
5. 形容詞子句，關代為主格
6. due to 因為 ◎
7. 分詞構句 
8. highly 高度地；非常
9. unfortunately 當轉承詞
10. may 表「可能」
11. fall victim to 成為⋯⋯的受害者
12. when 引導名詞子句
13. as conj. 因為
14. 「for + 一段時間」表「持續⋯⋯（時間）」 ◎
15. with 用⋯⋯
16. make + O + adj. 
17. once conj. 一旦
18. force...into sth. 強迫⋯⋯做⋯⋯ 
19. be made to + VR 
20. since conj. 因為
21. can 表「可能」
22. deny sb. sth. 拒絕給予某人某物
23. a(n)...amount of + 不可數名詞
24. which 代替前方子句 
25. further adv. 程度上更進一步
26. contribute to 造成
27. as conj. 當⋯⋯的時候
28. those who ⋯⋯的（人）
29. take advantage of 占⋯⋯的便宜；利用⋯⋯
30. no/not/never...without 雙重否定
31. roots 問題的根源
32. profit from... 從⋯⋯中受益 ◎

13
33. as prep. 當作
34. where 關係副詞引導形容詞子句 

14
(p. T-188.3)
語言重點
本課篇章重點為用於列舉的轉承詞 what’s more（除此之外）、worse still
（更糟的是）。
1. 在論說文中，作者常需要列舉論點或細節來支持自己的主張。此時，可使用
what’s more、worse still 等轉承詞來一一引導出所列舉的內容。這些轉承詞可
將所列舉的項目串連起來，因此具有銜接篇章的效果。
2. 比較 what’s more 與 worse still：前者為中性，其後可列舉出一個新的項目；
後者則須用於列舉一個較為負面的項目，從字面義可反映出這一點。

教學說明
◎ 建議教學時機：課文教學中
◎ 所屬段落：第三段
1. 在課文教學進入第三段時，老師可先請學生略讀該段落，請學生找出作者列
舉哪些細節來支持該段主題句，意即哪些細節佐證了大象被馴服後，就被迫
過著被奴役的生活（該段第一句提到 a life of slavery）。
2. 老師可請學生特別找出在列舉新項目時，作者使用了哪些轉承詞，藉此引導
學生注意到 what’s more 與 worse still 的使用時機。

補充資料
1. 可用於「列舉」的轉承詞還包括：also、besides、additionally、in
addition、moreover、furthermore 等等。
2. 轉承詞 worse still 與 even worse 的用法相近。

閱讀策略
本題目的在於讓學生練習辨識文本中段落的寫作目的。學生需運用本課閱
讀策略所學的技巧，分析一篇新情境文章的段落，進而判斷其寫作目的。

教學說明
進行此處閱讀策略練習時，請學生閱讀第二段，了解該段落的大意，進而
判斷其寫作目的。段落中除說明大象的遭遇外，並沒有明示或暗示讀者採取任
何行動，也沒有明確的立場表達，在本段僅提供訊息，故答案為選項 2。

課文中譯與解析
01
每一年，泰國有數百萬名遊客，其中的許多遊客由騎乘大象獲得很多樂

15
 趣。事實上，這項活動常常是遊客假期中最精彩的部分，這些騎乘活動也為
泰國的經濟帶來許多收入。然而，大象觀光業有著會嚇壞許多旅客的黑暗
面。
1
(1) millions of...為「數百萬的⋯⋯」之意，後接可數複數名詞。
˙The young politician has millions of supporters, so it looks like he has a bright
future ahead of him.
(2) many of whom have...elephants 為形容詞子句，「many of whom」用來特
別說明先行詞 tourists 的數量，表示「其中的許多」。
＊ 有關本句型的用法請見本課 T-201。
(3) have fun + V-ing 表「做某事得到樂趣」，fun 前面可加 a lot of 以表示程度；
fun 後的動作需以動名詞（片語）呈現。
˙Tina’s family had a lot of fun preparing for the Christmas party.
(4) fun 在此為名詞，意思是「有趣的事；樂趣」，但 fun 也可以當形容詞用，
意思是「有趣的」。老師可提醒學生 fun 與 funny 的差別。
fun adj. 有趣的 • This is a fun activity.（這是個有趣的活動。）
funny adj. 好笑的；滑稽 • This comedy film is so funny.（這部喜劇片很
的 好笑。）
2 in fact 為轉承詞，常用於以下兩種情況：
(1) 當後面的內容與前面所說的相左時。
˙Everyone thinks the queen is kind and generous. But in fact, she is mean and
cruel.
(2) 針對前面的內容提供更詳盡的資訊。
˙Australia is home to many unique animals, such as koalas and kangaroos. In
fact, most of its creatures are found nowhere else.
3 此處的 that 為關係代名詞，作為形容詞子句中的主詞，不可省略；此外，此
處 that 所引導的形容詞子句為限定用法，用以限定並修飾先行詞 a dark
side to elephant tourism。

16
(p. T-189)
02
因為泰國觀光業的高需求，幼象的非法交易已經產生。大象在牠們的自
然棲地中是高度社會化的生物，牠們常會由母象帶領，以群體的方式進行長
途跋涉。不幸的是，一些野生的幼象被殘暴的誘捕者從母象身邊引誘離開，
並誘進陷阱裡。象群裡任何設法保護無辜幼象的母象都可能會被無情地射
殺。成為陷阱受害者的大象接著就會被賣給旅遊業者。那才是真正恐怖開始
的時候，因為大象常會被暴力虐待。這些幼象被關在非常小的籠子裡。再
者，牠們被毫不留情地痛毆數日，甚至是用尖銳的釘子打。這樣的精神折磨
和身體虐待，兩者都造成極度痛苦，是為了使牠們服從人類馴獸師而實行。

課文問答 Think and Search

1. 從第二段（7-22 行）可知，大象觀光業的黑暗面指的是為了滿足泰國觀光業
的需求，大象被盜獵，受盡馴獸師虐待的情況。
2. 從第二段（17-22 行）可看出幼象被關在狹小的籠子中及被鞭打都是為了讓牠
們能更聽話。

1
due to 表「因為」，意思相近的還有 because of、owing to 和 as a result of。
• Many companies went bankrupt last year due to the economic recession (經濟
衰退).

2
(1) Being highly social creatures in their habitat, elephants often...females.為分
詞構句，可還原為 As elephants are highly social creatures in their habitat,
they often...females.
(2) highly 為副詞，表「高度地；非常」。
• Samantha is a highly educated woman. She has a Ph.D. in law.
補充 think/speak highly of sb. 對某人評價很高
• Sandy is a diligent and intelligent student, so all her teachers think very highly
of her.

3
unfortunately 為轉承詞，意思是「不幸地」，用以帶出不幸或令人遺憾的
消息。
• Unfortunately, we got stuck in the traffic jam; otherwise, we would not have
missed the train.

17
4
此句中的 may 表示「可能」。
• I don’t know my boss very well, but he may say yes to my proposal.
5
fall victim to... 成為⋯⋯的受害者
• Many tourists fall victim to scams (詐騙) in foreign countries because they are
easy targets.
6
(1) when the real horror begins 為名詞子句，接在 be 動詞 is 後面當作主詞補
語。
(2) as 在此當連接詞，表「因為」。
• I would do anything for you, as you are my best friend.
7
(1)「for + 一段時間」表「持續⋯⋯（時間）」，如文中的 for days 表示「持
續好幾天的時間」。
• Peter has had a headache for a few hours now. I think he needs to lie down
and try to sleep.
(2) with sharp nails 中的 with 表「用⋯⋯」。
• The thief tried to crack open the door with a knife, but it didn’t work.

8 make them obedient 為 make + O + OC 的句型。受詞補語 OC 除了形容詞外，

也可用原形動詞表示主動用法，或是過去分詞表示被動用法。
make + O + OC
OC adj. ˙I will do my best to make you happy.
VR ˙My mom made me clean my room last night.
p.p. ˙The tourist tried to make himself understood by using hand
gestures.

03
一旦這些大象被馴服之後，牠們就被迫過著被奴役的生活。其中有很多
大象被迫在景點和大象營裡載運遊客。因為大象的脊椎對於來自上方的壓力
非常脆弱，每天載運沉重的遊客好幾個小時可能會造成痛苦且永久的背部傷
害。此外，牠們沒有得到足夠的食物和水，這也進一步造成牠們筋疲力盡。
更糟的是，這些大象工作時被毆打；牠們的身體被象鉤擊打。平均來說，每
年超過一千三百萬名遊客在泰國騎乘大象。這讓那些捕捉和利用大象的人口
袋裡賺了滿滿的錢，也使得殘忍的大象交易能夠繼續下去。

18
19
(p. T-190)
課文問答 Right There
3. 從第三段（26-28 行）可知大象的脊椎對於來自上方的壓力很脆弱，長時間乘
載重物會導致背部疼痛與永久性損傷。

1
(1) once 在此當連接詞用，意思是「一旦」。此外，once 也可當副詞用，
常見用法整理如下：
conj. 一旦
• Once I get home, I will call you.
adv. 一次
• Kevin has been to Japan once, not twice.
曾經
• Sandy was once my best friend, but we don’t talk to each other
anymore.
(2) force...into sth. 強迫⋯⋯做⋯⋯
• The general manager was forced into early retirement after the company’s
profits dropped drastically.

2 此處為使役動詞 make 的被動用法。注意使役動詞 make、have 與 let 中，只

有 make 可改為被動語態，用法為 be made to VR。用法與 make 的主動用法
make + O + VR 不同。
• The father made her little daughter eat all the vegetables in her bowl.
(make 的主動用法)
• The little daughter was made to eat all the vegetables in her bowl by her father.
(make 的被動用法)
3
(1) since 在此當連接詞，表「因為」。since 的常見用法整理如下：
conj. 因為
• Since you didn’t want the toy anymore, I gave it to someone
else.
自從
• James has been doing his homework since he got home.
prep. 自從
• Tina has been feeling unwell since yesterday.
(2) can 在此表「可能」，而非「能夠」。
• Smoking can lead to lung disease.

20
4
(1) deny 在此為「拒絕給予」之意。
• No one should be denied the right to a fair trial in court.
此外，deny 也可表「否認」，常見的用法有 deny (that) S + V、deny + V-
ing。
• Tom was the only student in the classroom, but he denied that he had broken
the window.
• Although I found my necklace in Fiona’s bag, she denied stealing it from me.
(2) an adequate amount of 表「充足數量的」；a(n)...amount of 後面接不可數
名詞。
• When Robert bought the lottery ticket, he didn’t imagine that he was going to
win such a large amount of money.
(3) 此處的 which 代替前面整個子句，也就是大象沒有被供應充足食物和水
的這整件事。which 用來指涉前面一整件事時，前面必須有逗號。
• No one knew the answer to the question, which frustrated the teacher.
(4) 此處的 further 為副詞，表「程度上更進一步」。
• We had tried different approaches, but we didn’t get much further in the
research.
此外，further 也可當形容詞。
• If there are no further questions, then the class is dismissed.
(5) contribute to 表「造成」，意思相近的還有 cause、lead to 和 result in。
• Drunk driving contributes to a large number of deaths in our county every year.

5 as 在此當連接詞，表「當⋯⋯的時候」。
• Peter accidentally sprained his right ankle as he walked down the stairs.
6
(1) those who 指「⋯⋯的（人）」。
• God helps those who help themselves. (天助自助者)
(2) take advantage of 占⋯⋯的便宜；利用⋯⋯
• I think George takes advantage of Katie’s generosity; he often borrows from
her but seldom pays her back.
• We should take advantage of the good weather and go out for some fresh air.

21
(p. T-191~T-192)
04
沒有需求就不會有供給，該是我們處理這個問題根源的時候了。當你造
訪泰國時，避開那些從大象觀光業獲利的公司。作為替代選擇，造訪野生大
象能自在漫步的三個泰國國家公園之一。在那裡，你能在牠們開心平靜過生
活的時候盡情看看這些複雜又聰明的動物。
1
(1) no/not/never...without 為雙重否定的用法，用來加強語氣，強調 without 後
面所提之人、事、物的關鍵性。
• A visit to San Francisco is not complete without a picture of the Golden Gate
Bridge.
• No one can live without water and food.
(2) roots 的原意為「（植物的）根部」，在這裡引申為「問題的根源」。
• If we want to fix the problem for good, we need to address its roots.
(3) It is high time that S + were/V-ed 表示「該是做⋯⋯的時候了」，注意 that 子
句中的時態要用過去式。
＊ 有關本句型的用法請見本課 T-204。
2 profit from... 從⋯⋯中受益
• Many patients will profit from this cutting-edge (尖端的) technology.
3
(1) 此處的 As 為介系詞，意思為「當作」。
• Mary has worked as a teacher for over thirty years and is going to retire next
year.
(2) 此處的 where 為關係副詞，用來引導後面的形容詞子句 wild elephants
roam free。
• I need to find a place where (= at which) I can focus on my studies.

素養閱讀評量
教學說明
此題測驗學生是否能了解作者在課文中最後一段的主要訴求。

答題解析
根據課文最後一段，作者呼籲遊客避開那些從大象觀光業獲利的公司，或是造
訪野生大象能自在漫步的國家公園。因此，適當的標語為「Choose Elephant-
Friendly Travel Agencies」以及「End the Abuse of Elephants: Refuse to Ride」；因
課文末段並未提及不要破壞大象的自然棲息地、連署保護大象免於滅絕，也沒
有提及要為國家公園募款，故另外三個不是答案。

22
中譯
一個動物保護協會正在發起一項活動，以終結大象觀光業所造成的殘忍行為。
以下哪兩個標語最能體現作者在上述最後一段中的建議？
（第一排由左而右）
不要破壞大象的自然棲息地
選擇對大象友善的旅行社
簽署連署書以拯救大象免於滅絕
（第二排由左而右）
終結對大象的虐待：拒絕騎乘
大象自然公園需要您的捐款

（以下配合 p. 193 的 Think and Reflect 單元）

呼應英語文領綱的學習重點
3-Ⅴ-15 能分析及判斷文章內容，了解敘述者的觀點、態度及寫作目
的。
學習
7-Ⅴ-6 能針對同一文本主題進行延伸閱讀或探索，以強化學習的深度
表現
與廣度。
9-Ⅴ-7 能評估不同資訊，提出合理的判斷或建議。

作答說明
1. On My Own 本題旨在培養學生批判思考能力，能體察到泰國大象觀光業實乃
一個複雜議題，它牽涉到大象福祉、泰國的歷史、政經變化、乃至各方勢力
的角力。本文作者在文末建議讀者到泰國旅遊時，應避免造訪靠大象牟利的
相關業者，但這樣的倡議是否能真正解決問題？還是惡化、簡化，甚至扭曲
了真正的問題？
(1) 動物福利：作為役用動物，泰國的大象應享有的合理工作環境與工時為何？
相關業者提供了什麼樣的工作環境？有無任何組織或單位監管相關業者
與確保動物福祉？
(2) 資訊的可信度：關於泰國大象觀光業黑暗面的資訊是否為假新聞？這些相
關報導與資訊的目的與訴求為何？誰會從這些資訊中獲利或受害？
(3) 役用象的歷史：大象跟泰國的歷史息息相關，從最早用於戰場上的戰象，
直到後來仰賴大象發展伐木業，協助搬運沉重木頭。在泰國的歷史與文
化中，大象具有什麼樣的意義？大象成為觀光業的主力，是否跟泰國伐
木業的蕭條有關？這些工作象真正扮演什麼角色？牠們究竟是奴僕還是
家人？
(4) 杯葛大象觀光業的結果：當人們杯葛泰國大象觀光業，斷絕旅遊業者生計
之後，誰會付出真正的代價？已經被馴化的象群能否順利回歸山林？杯

23
 葛大象觀光業之後，是否導致其他更多問題？
2. Critical Thinking 本題旨在引導學生將關心拓展到其他事物上，除了泰國受虐
的大象以外，世界上是否還有其他動物也因觀光業發展而承受苦難，值得我
們付出同樣的關心。
(1) 騎乘動物：在觀光景點常見到哪些騎乘動物的服務？例如：私人農場的
馬匹、希臘聖托里尼的驢子、沙漠騎駱駝等等。
(2) 動物表演：有哪些動物會被馴獸師特別訓練，公開做出一些表演來吸引
遊客的注意？例如：水族館內的海豚或海獅表演，馬戲團獅子跳火圈、
猴子玩雜耍等等。
(3) 動物打鬥：有哪些動物常會被囚禁在一個空間內進行搏鬥以吸引遊客或
賭客的興趣？例如：鬥牛、鬥雞、鬥犬等等。
(4) 作為拍攝道具使用的動物：有哪些動物天性溫和或相貌可愛，故成為商
人招攬客人的生財工具之一？例如：澳洲無尾熊與袋鼠、泰國幼虎等等。

課文架構圖
呼應英語文領綱的學習重點
3-V-11 能閱讀不同體裁、不同主題的文章。
3-V-13 能熟悉各種閱讀技巧，進行快速閱讀並有效應用於廣泛閱讀
學習
中。
表現
7-V-5 能利用文本的結構特色，增進文意理解。
9-V-1 能把多項訊息加以比較、歸類、排序。

教學說明
本課的課文架構圖（Graphic Organizer，簡稱 G.O.）旨在培養學生分辨與建
構 G.O.的概念。請學生根據課文內容，分辨文中的概念適合以哪種 G.O.呈現，
接著根據下方提供的選項，以填寫的方式畫出一張架構圖。
若學生的程度許可，老師可以讓學生自己畫出 G.O.。

1. 本課 G.O.使用時機有二個：閱讀前／預習用與閱讀後／複習用。
閱讀前
在進入課文之前，老師可以先使用 G.O.幫助學生預習課文內容架構。了
解課文大意後，先讓學生閱讀下方的選項，判斷文本內容適合以哪一種 G.O.
呈現，進而對於課文內容有初步的認識，之後才開始正式閱讀課文。
閱讀後
老師可以在上完課文之後，才用 G.O.做課文總複習與收尾（wrap-up）。
2. 介紹三種 G.O.的特色。
(1) 分類圖（Classification）

24
 將同一個主題的資訊依據其內容的屬性與特質分成不同類別。
(2) 文氏圖（Venn Diagram）
多半用於比較與比對（compare and contrast）的文體，介紹兩個事物的
異同處。
(3) 因果關係圖（Cause & Effect）
多半用於呈現事物之間的作用關係，有單一跟連鎖的因果關係。

25
(p. T-193)
閱讀理解評量

題目中譯與作答說明
大 1. 本文主要關於什麼？ 答題線索
意 (A)如何拯救泰國的受虐動物。 第一段第 5-6 行
理 (B)泰國觀光業中的大象如何被虐待。 However, there is a dark side
解 (C)幼象如何被捕捉並賣給旅遊業者。 to elephant tourism
(D)大象有助於泰國賺進多少收入。 that would horrify many
travelers.
關 2. 以下關於泰國大象的描述何者為非？ 答題線索
鍵 (A)為旅遊公司工作的大象經常挨餓。 第二段第 13-14 行
細 (B)許多公象在設法保護幼象時死亡。 Any females from the herd
節 (C)年幼的野象常是捕獵者的目標。 which try to protect their
(D)受虐的大象被迫每年載運超過一千三百 innocent babies may be shot
萬名遊客。 mercilessly.
推 3. 關於泰國的三個國家公園，可以推論 答題線索
論 出什麼？ 第四段第 40-43 行
(A)遊客可以免費參觀。 ...visit one of Thailand’s three
(B)人們在國家公園內可以合法騎大象。 national parks where wild
(C)它們致力於保護野象。 elephants roam free.
(D)泰國許多其他的國家公園試圖要效法它 There, ...as they happily go
們。 about their lives in peace.

延伸思考
課本參考解答
1. • As far as I’m concerned, I think elephant tourism in Thailand is a
mirror reflecting the pain of all animals, not only elephants, caused by
the greed of human beings. I agree with the author of this passage
because there are so many ways for us to explore a new country, and
riding an elephant is definitely not a wise choice. Instead, we should
salute and support organizations that take good care of animals and
condemn those who treat animals inhumanely.
＊ 第 1 題的第 2 組參考解答及第 2 題的參考解答，請見 T-200。

26
(p. T-194)

字彙與片語
應用字彙
1. abuse n. [U] 虐待
• John, who was a victim of abuse when he was a child, devotes himself to helping
children who are now in abusive situations.
字詞搭配
(1) emotional/physical abuse 情緒／身體虐待
• Unlike physical abuse, people are often not aware that they are suffering
from emotional abuse.
(2) child abuse 虐待兒童
• Teachers at school are told to look out for the warning signs of child abuse
and are required to report them immediately.
abuse vt. 虐待
• Louise is being verbally abused by her boyfriend, who constantly calls her fat and
ugly.
abuse vt. 濫用
• The mayor was accused of abusing his power (濫用職權) to help his friend get a
contract with the government.
abuse n. [U] 濫用
• Our government should take measures to deal with teen drug abuse (藥物濫用),
which is one of the most serious problems in the country.
• Alcohol abuse (酗酒) is a pattern of drinking too much alcohol too often, which can
interfere with a person’s daily life.
2. highlight n. [C] 最精彩的部分
• Holding a baby koala bear in my arms was the highlight of my trip to Australia.
highlight vt. 強調
• It is important for you to highlight your experience and achievements in your
résumé.
highlight vt. 做醒目標示
• Spelling and grammatical mistakes in the students’ compositions were highlighted
in yellow by the teacher.
3. economy n. [C] 經濟
• Millions of tourists visit Thailand every year, so tourism contributes greatly to the
country’s economy.
字詞搭配

27
 (1) boost/revive/stimulate the economy 促進／復甦／刺激經濟
• Many experts were invited to attend the meeting and discuss ways to boost the
country’s economy.
(2) domestic/global economy 國內／全球經濟
• The trade war between the US and China has influenced the global economy
greatly.
economic adj. 經濟上的；經濟學的
• Currently, the country is facing two economic issues: a high unemployment rate
(失業率) and rapid inflation (通貨膨脹).
字詞搭配
(1) economic development 經濟發展
• The presidential candidate (總統候選人) made a controversial (有爭議的)
statement that economic development was more important than anything else.
(2) economic reform 經濟改革
• The new government has promised to embark on (著手) a program of economic
reform.
economical adj. 節約的；經濟實惠的
• Traveling around the island by a bicycle is more economical than driving a car.
economics n. [U] 經濟學
• Stephen has decided to major in economics because he is interested in how
markets work.

28
(p. T-195)
4. demand n. [U] 需求；要求
• The price of a commodity (商品) is usually determined by the interaction of supply
and demand (供求關係) in a market.
字詞搭配
(1) demand grows/rises/increases 需求增加
• The latest report showed that the country’s fuel demand grew by 10.5% in
November.
(2) demand falls/declines 需求下降
• Demand for this product is expected to decline this year but to remain stable
over the next few years.
demand vt. 要求
• The parents demanded an explanation from the babysitter after seeing bruises on
their son’s arms.
文法
S + demand + that + S (+ should) + VR
• The teacher demanded that every student (should) be at school before seven
o’clock every morning.
此用法中常用來表達強烈的主張或期望，that 子句中的動詞要用原形動詞或
「should + 原形動詞」。其他相同用法的動詞請見下方。
(1) 建議：suggest、advise、propose、recommend
(2) 要求、請求：request
(3) 命令：order、command
(4) 堅持：insist
demand n. [C] 要求
• The workers plan to go on strike if the company doesn’t agree to their demands.
5. illegal adj. 非法的
• It’s illegal to drive a car without a driver’s license.
legal adj. 合法的
• The driver was found to have four times the legal limit of alcohol in her blood at
the time of the car crash.
legal adj. 法律的
• In order to help people who cannot afford to hire a lawyer, this organization offers
free legal advice (法律諮詢).
6. herd n. [C] 獸群
• Every day, only a limited number of tourists are allowed to enter this conservation
area (保護區) to see herds of buffalos and deer in their natural habitat.

29
 延伸補充
形容動物「群」常見的量詞：
(1) a herd of buffalos/cows/deer/elephants
(2) a flock of birds/geese/sheep
(3) a school of fish
(4) a pack of dogs/wolves
(5) a swarm of ants/bees
(6) a pride of lions
herd vt. （使）向⋯⋯移動
• Once the tourists got off the bus, they were herded into a gift shop by their tour
guide.
herd vt. 放牧（牲畜、獸群）
• A shepherd boy was whistling and herding a flock of sheep along the narrow
countryside road.
7. lure vt. 引誘
• More teachers are becoming worried that online games are luring students away
from their studies.
lure n. usually sing. 誘惑；吸引力
• Undoubtedly, the irresistible (無法抗拒的) lure of money has always been a major
cause of criminal behavior.
lure n. [C] 誘餌
• Steve put an artificial insect on the end of his fishing line as a lure to attract fish.

30
(p. T-196)
8. brutal adj. 殘暴的
• Three terrorists were sentenced to death for the brutal murder of twenty civilians.
9. mercilessly adv. 冷酷無情地；殘忍地
• Some circus animals are mercilessly beaten when they are trained to perform
tricks.
merciless adj. 冷酷無情的；殘忍的
• This country’s merciless killing of war prisoners was severely condemned by the
public.
mercy n. [U] 仁慈；慈悲
• Beaten by the gangster, the man lay on the ground and begged for mercy.
字詞搭配
at the mercy of... 對⋯⋯無能為力；任⋯⋯擺佈
• Farmers are often at the mercy of the weather and natural disasters.
10. operator n. [C] 經營者
• There are more than a dozen bus operators in Taipei City and New Taipei City,
which provide service in and around the cities.
operate vi. 經營；營運
• Samantha’s company has been operating in Germany for five years.
operation n. [C] 營運；業務
• What this company needs to do is try to make its business operations more
efficient and effective.
operate vi. 運轉；工作
• This factory has machines operating night and day to maximize production.
operate vi. 動手術
• The surgeon washed her hands thoroughly and started operating on the patient
who had a brain tumor.
operate vt. 操作
• I don’t know how to operate this new copy machine. Can someone give me a
hand?
operation n. [C] 手術
• After much thought, Simon finally decided to undergo/have an operation (接受手
術) to remove the mole (痣) on his face.
字詞搭配
do/perform/carry out an operation 動手術
• A group of experienced surgeons performed the transplant operation to save
the little girl.

31
 operation n. [U] 運行；實施
• The new water purification system (淨水系統) is finally in operation after months
of construction.
字詞搭配
(1) come into operation 開始生效；開始實施
• New building regulations will come into operation next month.
(2) put sth. into operation 實施
• Oliver devised a detailed plan in order to put this project into operation.
operator n. [C] 操作人員；技工
• My company is hiring computer operators to monitor and control the computer
systems in our office.
11. strike vt. 打；擊
• The robber struck the shop owner on the head and took all the money in the cash
register (收銀機).

延伸思考 （以下配合 p. 193 的 Think and Reflect 單元）

課本參考解答
 As far as I’m concerned, I think elephant tourism in Thailand helps to solve
problems. I disagree with the author of this passage because he ignores the
possible outcomes of saying “No” to elephant tourism. For example, many
people boycotting elephant tourism could make lots of other people jobless
and leave many elephants with nowhere to go. We should remember that
elephants were victims of the government’s 1989 policy of banning the
logging industry in Thailand. Since lots of elephants had been trained to help
carry cut-down trees for decades, many of them lost the ability to survive in
the wild and became a burden to their owners. Elephant tourism solved this
problem by providing jobs for both human workers and elephants. Boycotting
elephant rides may cause this problem to come up all over again.
2.  In Taiwan, dolphins and seals are forced to perform for tourists at aquariums
because people enjoy watching those animals jump through hoops and do
other impressive tricks.
 In Santorini, Greece, donkeys are forced to carry tourists from the coast to the
city at the top of a cliff because lots of tourists are too lazy to walk on the
winding paths by themselves. Long working hours and starvation exhaust
those donkeys. Some of them even get injured due to giving rides to
overweight tourists.

32
33
(p. T-197)
strike n. [U] 罷工
• More than half of the workers in this factory went on strike to demand a safer
working environment.
strike vt. 撞擊；碰撞
• The ship broke up and sank after striking rocks.
strike vi. 罷工
• Teachers in Taiwan do not have the right to strike, though they are allowed to join
unions (工會).
strike n. [C] 進攻；襲擊
• According to the news report, at least eighteen people died in air strikes last night.
12. commit vt. 做出（錯事）；犯（罪）
• Although the crimes committed by this woman were not serious, she still needs to
be punished for what she did.
字詞搭配
(1) commit fraud/a robbery/an offence 犯詐欺罪／犯搶劫罪／犯法
• Lately, some people have committed fraud through a telephone scam, luring
many elderly people into giving away all their savings.
(2) commit suicide 自殺
• Some people with serious depression end up committing suicide.
commit vt. 承諾；保證
• The head of the CECC committed himself to providing the public with enough
vaccines for COVID-19.
commitment n. [C] 承諾；保證
• James has difficulty making long-term commitments, so he always has short-term
relationships.

13. obedient adj. 服從的；順從的

反 disobedient
• The purpose of the dog training course is to make dogs completely obedient to
their owners.
obedience n. [U] 服從
• The army demands total/complete obedience from all the soldiers. There is no
room for exceptions.
• It was blind obedience (盲目的服從) when I let my parents decide my major at
college.
14. tame vt. 馴服

34
• It’s difficult to completely tame a lion.
tame adj. 馴服的 反 wild
• Even though the trainers have made the elephants tame, the animals could still
attack someone someday.
tame vt. 控制
• You need to stay calm and tame your temper. Otherwise, it is impossible for other
people to communicate with you.

35
(p. T-198)
15. vulnerable adj. 脆弱的；容易受傷害的
• Coral reefs are vulnerable to certain chemicals in suntan lotion (防曬乳). That’s
why some people don’t recommend using it.
• The lawsuit has put the toy company in a vulnerable position (岌岌可危) because
the court has ordered it to stop producing toys for the time being.
16. permanent adj. 永久的
• On the visa application form, you need to provide your permanent address and
some other information.
17. adequate adj. 充足的；足夠的
同 sufficient 反 inadequate
˙The money my wife and I have saved is more than adequate to buy an apartment
and a car.
18. exhaustion n. [U] 筋疲力盡
˙A recent survey showed that more than half of the laborers in the country suffer
from exhaustion.
字詞搭配
(1) physical/mental exhaustion 身體／心理疲憊
˙Having a good night’s sleep can help with not only physical but also mental
exhaustion.
(2) collapse with exhaustion 因疲憊而倒下
˙When the marathon runner passed the finish line, she collapsed to the ground
with exhaustion.
exhaust vt. 使筋疲力盡
˙Spending a whole day walking around the zoo exhausted both the children and
the parents.
exhaust vt. 用完；耗盡
˙Many people wonder whether it is possible for human beings to exhaust all the
natural resources in the world.
exhaustion n. [U] 耗盡
˙One day, we might be faced with the exhaustion of oil supplies, so we need to
develop alternative (替代的) energy sources.
19. complex adj. 複雜的 同 complicated
˙Despite the efforts made by scientists, there is no complete solution to the highly
complex issue of climate change.
complex n. [C] 綜合大樓；建築群
˙Xinyi District is home to the Taipei 101 skyscraper and a hub (中心) of shopping

36
 and office complexes.
complex n. [C] 情結
˙Psychologists believe that people who grow up being always told what to do tend
to suffer from an inferiority complex (自卑情結).
˙If someone has an Oedipus complex (戀母情結), he is sexually attracted to his
mother and has hostile (敵意的) feelings toward his father.
20. intelligent adj. 聰明的；有才智的
˙Marvin is an intelligent student and also a good athlete; his parents are very proud
of him.

37
(p. T-199)
intelligence n. [U] 智力；才智
˙An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a score derived from (源自) one of several
standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.
intelligence n. [U] 情報；情報人員
˙The police received intelligence reports that some terrorists planned to attack a
university.

慣用語與片語
1. lead to 導致；造成 同 result in, cause
˙The bus driver’s exhaustion led to the terrible car crash, which killed almost half of
the passengers.
2. what’s more 此外
同 furthermore, moreover, in addition
˙This disease has killed thousands of people. What’s more, it has caused millions to
lose their jobs.
3. worse still 更糟的是
˙We are running out of gas. Worse still, the closest gas station is thirty miles away.
文法
worse still 為轉承詞，當後面的敘述會讓原本糟糕的情況變得更差時就可以使
用。與其語意相近的還有 what’s worse、worse yet 以及 even worse。
4. deal with 解決；處理 同 handle, cope with
˙You should learn to deal with your own problems because you are an adult now.
5. take pleasure in 以⋯⋯為樂；喜歡做⋯⋯
˙Many students take pleasure in playing mobile games, which helps them relax from
their pressure at school or at home.
6. go about 做⋯⋯；忙碌於⋯⋯
˙Many young people are interested in becoming YouTubers, but they don’t know
how to go about it.

38
(p. T-200)
認識字彙
1. trapper n. [C] 捕殺動物者
˙Many parts of Canada were first explored by animal trappers, who sold the furs to
large companies.
3. flesh n. [U] （人或動物的）肉；果肉
˙Unlike machines, we are flesh and blood (血肉之軀). We have feelings and
weaknesses.
5. roam vi. 閒逛（於）；漫步（於）
˙Whenever I felt bored, I would roam around town for hours.

39
(p. T-201)

句型練習
語境教學建議
形容詞子句在實際口語溝通中，使用頻率很高，但關係詞搭配數量詞的用
法，則通常較偏正式書面用法，老師可視情況向學生說明。

N, all/most/some/... of which/whom (+ S) + V...

當課句型
補充例句
此句型為形容詞子句的一種型態。當先行詞的數量或比例需要特別說明或
凸顯時，可在關係代名詞前面加上量詞，形成「量詞 + of + whom/which」。常
見的量詞有 one、both、some、half、many、all、none 等。
˙Matt has two daughters, both of whom major in the arts.
˙Henry had interviews with many companies, none of which hired him. He was
disappointed when he was rejected by all of them.
˙Mark has three sons, none of whom has followed in his footsteps.

教學說明
1. 老師可先從形容詞子句切入來講解此句型的用法。
(1) 請學生比較以下兩句的不同：
(1-a) Brian has a brother, and he is a doctor.
(1-b) Brian has a brother, who is a doctor.
從(1-a)和(1-b)可以看出，關係代名詞 who 相當於連接詞 and 和代名詞 he 的
功能。也就是說可以像連接詞一樣連接兩個子句，但又在該子句當中擔任主
詞的角色（相當於 he）。
(2) 然後請學生比較以下兩句：
(2-a) Brian has two brothers, and both of them are doctors.
(2-b) Brian has two brothers, both of whom are doctors.
比較(2-a)和(2-b)後可知，雖然一樣有逗號，(2-a)有連接詞 and，而(2-b)沒有
連接詞。(2-a)的代名詞是 them，而(2-b)的代名詞是 whom。
(3) 再請學生比較(1-b)和(2-b)的不同：
比較兩句可看出(2-b)多出來的部分是在對關係代名詞做數量上的敘述。而(1-
b)中關係代名詞用的是 who，(2-b)則因關係代名詞為介系詞 of 的受詞，故使
用 whom。
2. 關係代名詞本身兼具連接詞和代名詞的功能，故不需要連接詞 and 來連接前

40
面的子句。注意：which 既然有連接詞功能，不可與 and 同時出現。
• Carrie bought five books, and all of them were English novels.
• Carrie bought five books, all of which were English novels.
3. 關係代名詞 which 指涉的是「非人」的先行詞，而 whom 指涉的先行詞為
「人」。注意此句型中不可使用 that。
• Steve has many hobbies, all of which involve outdoor sports.
• Steve has two daughters, both of whom are studying in the US.
4. 因為此句型是用來進一步補充說明先行詞的數量或比例，故為非限定用法。
5. 其他常見於此句型的數量詞：part、neither、each、several、百分比、最高級
注意
(1) neither 僅能用於兩者皆非的情況。
(2) 「每一個」必須用 each 表達。因 every 無代名詞功能，不可用 every。
• There are three hundred students in this school, each of whom is assigned a
laptop for studying.

41
(p. T-202)
補充練習
A. 合併句子
3. The Huangs have four children.
All of the children are boys.
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. I have two roommates.
Neither of them has been abroad.
→ ____________________________________________________________
5. Ms. Murphy asked George several questions.
He couldn’t answer some of the questions.
→ ____________________________________________________________
6. The video clip went viral and attracted hundreds of comments.
Most of the comments were mean and abusive.
→ ____________________________________________________________
7. Dr. Johnson and Dr. Cooper have written several papers together.
Many of the papers are published in international journals.
→ ____________________________________________________________

B. 翻譯題
1. 臺中有三個主要夜市，其中有兩個在大學校園（campus）附近。
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. Andy 申請了五間大學，只有一間錄取（accept）他。
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. Parker 有兩個哥哥，兩位都正在美國工作。
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. 班上有四位國際學生，全都來自歐洲。
→ ____________________________________________________________

C. 以下為某間大學東亞研究所的師資成員（faculty member）名單。請觀察表格
內的資訊，觀察時可特別留意不同教授之間的共同特點，例如：性別、年齡、
職稱、研究專長等。觀察完後用 N, all/most/some/... of which/whom (+ S) + V...的
句型來描述這些教師。
Name Sex Status Age Expertise Office Hours
Daniel Kross M Professo 53 Japanese history Mondays 10:00-12:00
r and culture
Jee Hyun M Professo 49 Korean Wednesdays 10:00-

42
 Park r economics 12:00
Mariko F Professo 51 Japanese history Fridays 10:00-12:00
Yoshino r and culture
Yen-wen M Professo 49 Chinese literature Mondays 13:00-15:00
Chou r
Shao-wei M Associat 42 Chinese language Wednesdays 10:00-
Charles e and literature 12:00
Huang Professo
r
Li Ling F Associat 38 Chinese history Wednesdays 13:00-
e and culture 15:00
Professo
r
Andrew M Associat 37 Chinese Mondays 13:00-15:00
Cooper e linguistics
Professo
r
Kanako Saito F Associat 45 Japanese Tuesdays 13:00-15:00
e literature
Professo
r
Jennifer Flynn F Assistant 31 Modern Japanese Fridays 13:00-15:00
Professo culture
r
Yong-sook M Assistant 33 Korean literature Mondays 10:00-12:00
Choi Professo
r
Do-yun Kim M Assistant 37 Modern Korean Fridays 10:00-12:00
Professo culture
r
1. There are eleven faculty members, four of whom are women.
2. 3.
4.
5.
6.

43
(p. T-203)
參考解答
A.
1. The Huangs have four children, all of whom are boys.
2. I have two roommates, neither of whom has been abroad.
3. Ms. Murphy asked George several questions, some of which he couldn’t answer.
4. The video clip went viral and attracted hundreds of comments, most of which
were mean and abusive.
5. Dr. Johnson and Dr. Cooper have written several papers together, many of which
are published in international journals.

B.
1. Taichung has three major night markets, two of which are near college campuses.
2. Andy applied to five universities, only one of which accepted him.
3. Parker has two brothers, both of whom are working in the US.
4. There are four international students in the class, all of whom are from Europe.

C.
2. Four faculty members are professors, one of whom is a woman.
3. There are four associate professors, three of whom specialize in Chinese-related
studies.
4. There are three assistant professors in the faculty, all of whom are in their thirties.
5. There are two professors in their fifties, both of whom specialize in Japanese
history and culture.
6. There are four professors, three of whom hold their office hours in the morning.

真實語料
˙“I wrote six pilots, none of which ever got picked up. When you stop trying, it then
falls in your lap.”
—George R.R. Martin
˙“It’s very rare that I get stopped or get asked for an autograph or anything—none
of which I mind—but people don’t really care that much.”
—Daniel Radcliffe
˙“If a doctor, lawyer, or dentist had 40 people in his office at one time, all of whom
had different needs, and some of whom didn’t want to be there and were causing
trouble, and the doctor, lawyer, or dentist, without assistance, had to treat them
all with professional excellence for nine months, then he might have some
conception of the classroom teacher’s job.”

44
 —Donald Quinn
˙Sheldon: This is the Large Hardon Collider at CERN in Switzerland, the product of
decades of planning and construction. It is a Mecca for physicists the world over.
This is Bath and Body Works on Colorado Boulevard. They sell scented soaps and
lotions, some of which contain glitter. Now, let’s see if we can match the
individual to the appropriate destination.
—From The Big Bang Theory (S3E15)
“The Large Hardon Collision”

45
(p. T-204)

語用活動

語境漫畫說明
漫畫中的說話者在抗議遊行中呼籲大家關注環保議題並採取行動，因此可
推論本句型可用在呼籲或建議某人做某事的情境。

語境教學建議
老師可引導學生回想 It’s time to VR...的句型，並思考兩者的異同處。在 It is
high time that...的用法中，that 子句裡的時態都是用過去式，可請學生討論在什
麼情況之下也會用過去式動詞來取代現在式的動詞？藉此來帶出本句型與假設
語氣結構上的雷同處。

語料觀察引導（Explore & Discover）

1. 觀察重點說明：
A. 請學生兩兩一組朗讀例句，並討論例句中紅色底線之後的句子有什麼特別
的地方？又是在傳達什麼意思？
B. 請學生思考並比較這些例句與 It’s time to VR...的異同處。
C. 老師在教學時，可引導學生特別觀察 that 子句的時態。此用法中 that 子句
用來表達「早該做到但並沒做到」的事情，子句中的動詞都是以過去式呈
現，但實際上該子句發生時間是現在，也就是以過去式表達現在時間的假
設語氣（與現在事實相反）。
2. 問題解說：
這些句子都是在表達「某人該做某事了」，換句話說，說話者會在給予建議
時用到本句型。因此答案為 When you are offering someone advice or a
suggestion.。
3. 語用功能補充：
(1) 本句型也可寫為 It’s about time that S + V-ed 或 It’s time that S + V-ed。在英
式用法中，It is high time that....常用來表達緊急或迫切的需求。
(2) 從語料庫（Corpus of Contemporary American English）中的語料可發現，It
is high time 之後的 that 子句也有不少使用原形動詞的例子。但字典上或文
法書上的敘述，還是以假設語氣的過去式動詞為主。

語用活動說明（Apply & Practice）

1. 活動目的：
本句型的語用功能是建議他人採取行動，因此可以在表達訴求時運用。活動
設計的題材是當代社會中常見且待解決的問題。在請同學設計活動標語的同

46
 時也可讓他們藉由查詢資料，進一步了解這些議題，增進國際觀。
2. 步驟中譯：
你和朋友將要去參加大型抗議遊行活動，以表達訴求。你希望能為抗議活動
設計標語。
步驟一：四人一組，從以下議題中挑一個。與組員討論並運用「It is high time
that....」想出活動標語。
A. 性別不平等
B. 校園霸凌
C. 全球暖化
D. 塑膠汙染
步驟二： 製作海報，海報中必須包含該標語。
步驟三： 與其他組分享你們製作的海報。
3. 活動操作建議：
學生可利用一些線上資源進行海報創作和分享，以下網站提供參考：
(1) Canva：https://ltn.tw/IvZhxib
(2) Seesaw：https://ltn.tw/E9O1WIH
(3) Padlet：https://ltn.tw/WrhOIxM

補充練習
A. 改寫句子
1. You should really speak up for yourself.
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. Why don’t you think about your future?
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. We should put aside our differences and work together.
→ ____________________________________________________________

47
(p. T-205)
4. That little boy should really learn some table manners.
→ ____________________________________________________________
5. The media needs to have some self-regulation.
→ ____________________________________________________________

B. 翻譯題
1. 你們兩個早該和好了。
→ ____________________________________________________________
2. 該是 Tina 買一雙新鞋的時候了。
→ ____________________________________________________________
3. 早該是我們向無家可歸的人展現同情心的時候了。
→ ____________________________________________________________
4. 早該是 Peter 認識新的人並重新開始（move on）的時候了。
→ ____________________________________________________________
5 早該是你踏出舒適圈、嘗試新事物的時候了。
→ ____________________________________________________________

參考解答
A.
1. It’s high time that you spoke up for yourself.
2. It’s high time that you thought about your future.
3. It’s high time that we put aside our differences and worked together.
4. It’s high time that the little boy learned some table manners.
5. It’s high time that the media had some self-regulation.

B.
1. It’s high time that you two made up (with each other).
2. It’s high time that Tina bought a new pair of shoes.
3. It’s high time that we showed sympathy for the homeless people.
4. It’s high time that Peter met someone new and moved on.
5. It’s high time that you stepped out of your comfort zone and tried something new.

真實語料
• “It is high time that we realized that it is pointless to praise the light and preach it if
nobody can see it. It is much more needful to preach the art of seeing.”
—Carl Gustav Jung
• “It is high time health workers were paid decent salaries, and provided with the

48
right working conditions and the right equipment to do the work they are trained to
do.”
—Dr. Shigeru Omi
• “While equality is significant in terms of human rights, it will also provide greater
diversity in the workplace which is becoming more and more vital in order to
effectively navigate the age of digitisation,” says Dr Meyer. “It’s time women were
paid what they are worth,” concludes Dr Meyer.
—From “How You Can Close The Pay Gap On
#EqualPayDay” Entrepreneur SOUTH AFRICA
• Phoebe: You know what? You are right. I am gonna quit. It’s time I took my life
back!
—From Friends S9E21 “The One with Fertility Test”

49
(p. T-206)

聽力策略
呼應英語文領綱的學習重點
學習內容 B-V-10 一段談話或簡短故事的轉述。
C-V-5 地球村觀點、生命及全球永續發展的關注。
學習表現 1-V-10 能聽懂以英語說明或敘述的主要內容。
1-V-13 能辨識句子語調所表達的情緒和態度。

聆聽分類
在一段談話或演說中，講者可能會藉由將一個概念分成不同的種類或類別來
定義它。以下是表示分類的單字或片語：
˙動詞：將⋯⋯分類、分類、可以分為、符合、把⋯⋯列為
˙名詞：類別、種類、組、種類、類型

教學說明
本課的聽力策略為 Listening for Classification，旨在讓學生透過分辨表示概
念的關鍵字或線索，以更輕鬆地理解對話內容。
進行聽力策略教學前，老師可先帶學生進行單字及片語複習，幫助學生掌
握聽力內容重點。介紹完策略後，讓學生聽兩次。第一次請學生聽完後判斷講
者的目的。第二次請學生認真聽完整的聽力內容，注意聽內容中論點及其分類
之相關字詞。若學生程度較佳，亦可同步補充下表資訊，讓學生了解聽力腳本
相關訊息。
1. People do things to creatures that 討論主題：對人類有益但傷害動物的
will help humans but are terrible for 事情
the animals.
2. types 分類：可分成三類
(1) animals raised for food (1) 飼養來當食物的動物
(2) animals used to test products (2) 用於測試產品的動物
(3) animals used for entertainment (3) 用於娛樂的動物
2-1. animals raised for food 第一類：飼養來當食物的動物
(1) kept in tiny cages or other crowded (1) 被關在小籠子或其他擁擠的環境中
conditions (2) 用化學物質使其長胖
(2) fattened up by using chemicals (3) 單單在美國每年就有近 90 億隻雞
(3) Almost nine billion chickens are 被殺死。
killed for their meat each year in
America alone.

50
2-2. animals used to test products 第二類：用於測試產品的動物
(1) mice, monkeys, and rabbits (1) 老鼠、猴子和兔子
(2) The tests are done for many (2) 進行測試的原因有很多，包括開發
reasons, including developing drugs 藥物和香水。
and perfumes. (3) 這些測試可能會導致動物劇烈疼
(3) These tests may cause severe pain 痛，甚至死亡。
and even death to the animals.

51
(p. T-207)
2-3. animals used for entertainment 第三類：用於娛樂的動物
(1) keeping creatures in zoos and (1) 將動物留在動物園並使牠們在馬
making them perform in circuses 戲團中表演
(2) forced to leave their habitats and (2) 被迫離開棲息地並改變其原本的
change their original way of life 生活方式

聽力腳本
We know the importance of human rights, but what about animal rights?
People do things to 1creatures that will help humans but are terrible for the animals.
These actions can be classified into the following three types: animals 2raised for
food; animals used to test products; animals used for 3entertainment.
Regarding the first type—raising animals for food—when we eat meat, we
rarely give any thought to how the animals were raised. Chickens, for example, are
often kept in tiny cages or other crowded 4conditions and fattened up by using
chemicals. Almost nine billion chickens are killed for their meat each year in America
alone.
With regard to product testing done on animals, the rights of creatures such as
mice, monkeys, and rabbits have been taken away in the 5interest of benefiting
humans. The tests are done for many reasons, including developing drugs and
perfumes. However, these tests may cause severe pain and even death to the
animals.
Finally, concerning the poor treatment of animals for human entertainment,
keeping creatures in zoos and making them perform in circuses is another type of
6
cruelty. These animals are often 7forced to leave their 8habitats and change their
9
original way of life.
We should help animals by giving them more rights. They 10deserve to live a free
and comfortable life just like us. It is high time that we got started and
did something for animals.

我們知道人權的重要性，但是動物權呢？人們做了對自己有益但傷害動物
的事情。這些行為可分為以下三種類型：飼養來當食物的動物；用於測試產品
的動物；用於娛樂的動物。
關於第一種──飼養來當食物的動物──當我們吃肉時，我們很少考慮這
些動物是如何被飼養的。例如，雞經常被關在小籠子或其他擁擠的環境中，並
用化學物質使其長胖。單單在美國每年就有近 90 億隻雞被殺死。

52
 關於對動物進行的產品測試，為了人類的利益，像是老鼠、猴子和兔子等
生物的權利都被剝奪。進行測試的原因有很多，包括開發藥物和香水。然而，
這些測試可能會導致動物劇烈疼痛，甚至死亡。
最後，關於動物為了人類的娛樂而遭受的可憐待遇，將動物留在動物園以
及使牠們在馬戲團中表演是另一種殘酷的行為。這些動物經常被迫離開棲息地
並改變其原本的生活方式。
我們應該藉由賦予動物更多權利來幫助牠們。牠們應該像我們一樣過上自
由、舒適的生活。現在該是我們開始為動物做些事情的時候了。

腳本重要字詞補充
1. creature n. [C] 生物；動物
2. raise vt. 養育；飼養
3. entertainment n. [U] 娛樂；消遣
4. condition n. [C] （居住或工作）環境；條件
5. interest n. [C] 好處；利益
6. cruelty n. [U] 殘酷；殘忍
7. force vt. 強迫；迫使
8. habitat n. [C] 棲息地
9. original adj. 原來的
10. deserve vt. 應得；值得

53