cL Date: 5-09-2023 BOSE as chet 5 dala_and’ analyre datoz uv @lollect data a@fvange gata ~ @ Anaigysts Oe Pew { onctusion De jinitions- the eclerace of SySternee tollections presentations dofadtration » and lysis and interpretton of) _rrumedteal data to draw twnetustons and to make . decisions on’ the. tratis ; Oo] Geh__ analysts is called Katisties. 7 VU “ -~ © eo ?@ Sata 3- Tis A sevice 0) obseavadttonty mea surements os Jatts-To obtain data you have to observe 09 measure comedring (uated Yatavie or vadarte) wade ages want. netqnt, town oO) bv, cantonal ent ‘kind oy rales Monooel o\ wWecream » shoe ay le OF ait boos ave all vadialles ak we fan i d a series <4 Observations jo each 2} {nen . ‘ \ ‘ KING ‘NOTEwiewrns Date: DOOOOOc Measurement. Voda Age 3522, 25410520 521 ' went B'S, VOI OS werd BO 4 100> 10, 20> 40460 Fuge Mongo, qvotads, pide apple. Savor 0] icecream ehOL,” Vanailla , vadaes Pineap; C= Shoe she 1b, 1357495 lor 6s 34, UIs Maw ed Single 2 Single, divorced lQhore » Multams Tslamabad , DI han: Family sire Madital status Town 2 Tofy4th - Populations = The whole “get te o matedial e|__gome _ehayactedistics der tonsideraton iS tated populatton - Sa €-98 No-c} Student’ m a tollege, No.0} boos im Kooiie : Samples- Any vepesentalive part selected yor “the copllatton Vis datlea sample \ . Parameter $- ' A vawe catetlated teom the population fs__catied __patametet- Stat fstics s— : A Value catomtated dom the gan ple fs Cate StatTtics - KING’: ‘NOTES> ~y : Date: 300003d vadtalnes- Any quan tative ot gpaltatve Property a wIken — vadies or thanges Syorn the divi 4 oF object __1$ called d vadiabie- ZS negnts weight etc- . Bane is y vadiahes- i A. vaviable i$ $afd +0 ce % adem {un prealletable) wren its yalue_eannet_loe natty setewrineds z= Paoduction oa trop» Seove o} watsmans oak nes o) a win! o a diceldie- ,__ Constant: Any. vatue: winteh doesnot ehange._ bert S$ eattecl a. tonstant- Qemains ‘tnd Os Tre Discrete vagialoles- - i ‘ A vatfaae wnich tates eountarle g]_vatuet (integers) 8 called digevere numer vO Hae. s Janily S224 No -o} Shave 4 NO- o} sudents” aa & vari aller- A vodiable which cave “nenseable values man _ iytlerval is called Continvos —_vadialole eq: sige wel age: KING'S NOTES,Date; 1-07-20 OdODODS, ; — x sich, Changes ‘ 24 a8 vontit tom one Individual _ do another 8 malingual iS ay Qyamtative yatiale._ - a imports and Dov ts 4 LOUNLOCS 4 | aoducon _ oe pacducis » pet annual Ineomes ey countries . _ Gate ive__vadiables- « A Vasialle wich ehanges oni apol (incapable 0) numesical _meastyeme nts ae one individual to another tndivicual iS hated qualitative _vasiable. eae maaitat statasseye oe hair color 4 iy erent __ overs 0 icecream - TYPES OF STATISTICS There ave 1 Aupes o} Satisticcs= 1) Discriptive Statistics» In erential Stortts Hes- 4) Discriptive QrOniSticss - The loranch 0} Slatistic_voniich dears with _¢otlection or ecentation and analysis o\ data is" called discriptive Statistics KING’ NOTESThe branch 6 Statisiics _ which deals with crowing conclusion Cinjerences) and makin decision abovi ‘an polation paromeis oh the basis | sample is_aotled_in}erenti SrONISATCS + : tn _Date: Od35555 2) InJerential Stotisticss- _ STanstcs AND Scrence Satisttes as a vital role in almost_all_+the ~ <— = “~ notural And — Soria aenced- wy Statistical methor ds - ove extensive use ‘Lor =) > ? ? mal Zin 4he__enpevemental vesutts +e$ fn wnat Gtaniiteance! in. biology. Astronomy. physitss Chemistry 9 Vrestaren work, stoul@rnarkel » to acience, Wormer ce ‘ands byy 9 qa y_Moadnemak » UdIie “admministva tion 4 In jJormedion pate - STansncar DATA SOCIOIOYY 9 _louismess at deennology and _aer . a Staticlical data ave the numesical Jacts and 6) et) - 4 y £ (414-5) = 4 %) é Lay 6) - bl. KIN ‘NCFEEELENCEEE MH HER HET EO SEES Po fe afaes been ms Foye Posuce food ref wes-| n54.|-2f2-25 Bs fee fants obra] Te prehalobee satel Par i 8aes SdObOex 20 = 08 2) ( x3) = UBo © . 3 AY s guy ane Zy= 3Uxie= bib 5) oC =u) is 1b b) £(u- 32 7E yen +y 5 j= 2b %) 2ta4 6). usMrwrerss OCOOCOSO \R u kG Leu CeNMofl 1 Be eoorf b |= 6-2 JL cueDate: !2-09-2023 O00dOdO Q! Tf u:2 , m:4 2-3, ays 65 x5.-) tod, Zi zh + Art Aye Ay + Hs 2 244-346 -) =. 8 i) Z 5. 4x5.20~ ii) Z Gi- dP Ga -2) 9 On 24 Oy 2) + (ay dha (ots 2)? > Q-d)*a (Gays C3 ays (6-2) 4 (-1-2). Ok 4 S05 4 16 GI = 54. Di) = Ge. Lt) + Ga ~242)+ (Ag 243) = (ay-20))+ tay a) + ((-3)*-2L-3)) Os R45 w) 2 GP. KING'S ‘NOTES:Y 308)-Uen tte ga pere Get 3U-3)-Y 5-12 q 30) -4. 10 “2 qf = 20M eee Q)*. 8 (t41-2)* 21 Vy ah up. 1B31 (S-\a)* 2 & S()s -5 (13)2 2147 (342-21). 9 -3(2) 2-6 Ue 4413 146 -))*. 0 Wb) 2 UD “. (aU » 44d KING’ NOTES PCO ye ere2 Cata —s tnouped data o— Sreques > Urg@toped data . Sta oution- . Date: Mrwtr ss ane a Sol, Bo aS 2113 2X 36455454 415 29S 4951, Vo Na Vol, 2 oto BoB 54.4 Uo $45959S9 bag > ‘Teoma € = Mar-Min =. Q-4=% Sox ungtoupe d data : XY f Tally ass Ww i u WI WN \ DIM [oy] Sw] ry |= Pel fwyply ie 25.47 imtersvo) Sines _-tamae = 3 2)Date: (!1-09 Coda rr UNGROUPED DATA ; The _ mm ot_085 ya) Mumesxicad imjoamation which __ have. \peen___ Seco™*ded and ~ _donected as Umarva unosdered of uns sm ere > e ( monnes tailed tow Nata ov tng rouge — ata ARBRy: — © 7 Astamqment &] dala in _ascerai decending ox der is called array a eqs WaAccendtng = ys 4a5 : Decendted = 5osh * Raw dat = Aad GROUPED DATA: A taloutas arrangement 3} data “pi ta OA Classes alone With thes Begpective _ nutness ole Letassl equency) is cated quovped data__ov syeaqueney aigisinutiod, FREQUENCY Di\STeIBUNON: The jalovla§ axksangemernt oh datq mo Groups ACcosdtn’ to se 09 rnage tude is ‘called reqeerey Aisivilootion - KIN ‘NOI___________The variate values 0) tne classes 0% AWours axe caved the alas [imits- The amall¥s 'yalue is -the Dower elass Limit amd aye Laaget value fs 4he upped Glass lint - RANGE: Fos +he given data sange Can be 4ormeg by _aubtgacting the Vrinimum value vom the ott UY) aAlue- : eqs 4954 1s 1045 = \e-4. 44 CLASS BOUNDARIES: We ~Aaue_ 08 precise Value with deeribe the ottually o& dave Class limit cL A Mass axe called “elas loundasier. Tt has ” Qowel as well aS uppe? class loovndavies. MID Pont OR CLASS MARK: The mid pom 0d class made 16 the mean o} Joux? aqrnd upped class Viits 02 boordasies. FREQUENCY OR CLASS FREQUENCE The numbed o} KING'S ‘NOTES:MEW orn OODOOOG ™ 2 Date: er r Vaiueejauing_tm a gpecijted elas Ts eculed elas 4 Ase en oa amply fveqventy ame it i$ 1 denoted wy “?. a SIZE_OF CARS _INTERVAL?_ _ The di} jerence tol she “ppes and tower class boumdasta (mot blo _ Clats "fimits 0] a Class 62 group) 1% Ca\ied class tanbeayol!. 1 q P REATIvE _FREQUENIC: Th jrequenty | _a Class is divided la the suirn ol’ ail! Gredueneres thar it cated relodive _Feequency ob pAopo tio W on Pirtoabiltty 0} ine clases V COMMU URTIVE FREQUENCY? The otal “equency 0} atl_ctasses _less_tham she uppes Glass jpoundasy 1S ¢alled —_ cormmulative -faequien (4. INGUSIVE OR EYCLUSVE METHORD: Inctugve “tn__ wren we “mclude uppes @lass lowordosxy encUave iM whith we cammol Mmelude upper Cass ‘peo KING'S ‘NOTES’ ee a) ee es ese' ee — 3 5 Date: 853555 P “Ql 7 920 540. 54405 20, 40,30, 5, 50; bby > 10 \- . 20s 5 (jon Aetasses) . 4 i) ARRAY? , 5 9655510510); 20 1 20,20,30.40, UD» 50 60. i) RANGE: = Mavimum — mivinum = 60 -5 _ = 5A ‘ti) INTERVAL SIZE = Ronge cae. = 5S. = 04 i iv) CLASS MARY: GIy 26-5 2 1344. 16S Ue +60 . cus. L 2 ws 3 = 320% Sop 4e . UD 2 L KING’ NOTESores’ sos F w BOOO0dH M rate: _—n guint Eee Gems eeDate: 14-09 OOOdO0os | 3 Bay graph - a W)_Wsroqram a VW 1 WY gq on i a oukph . ut BAR GRAPH 2 Ns male vo + female. KING'S ‘NOTES2000-2004 400 1005 - 010 300 2OIO - 1015 150 OIH = 10)0 © 400 KING NOTeae E@dodotd “FEQUENCY_POLWGON. KING'S NOTES:a - TI 40 = 5 20 1S lo Go AUDA |P lp Total: j0+5+10+15+40- 60 Jpx_= A = AD y360 = 60 6b B= 5 430 = 30 60 Cz 20 x360 = 120 60 E= lo x360 4 60 D= 15 -¥360 ~ 0 bd KING'S NOTES’Date: 2'|°9 Mower bss COOCOOCO ee dat o_enppoiped Sala OO, 22, LD, 22522, 22. tH Ae 14 46 13 20 2 ou-Ud Gy 6 40 3 1 5 v 35 AM: $4 n 2 942 = 3-2 35Mawr rs 8 Date: A) 2s 305419694510 phan, f 7 3 5 AM. 2x. 55 = 6-815 IP n: 4 0 & G a 10 $n: 55 _ _ COUPE DATA ; jo timey ———T HNO, IA NANA VAs Vo 1 Ny [ety Jey oY g Mbp ath, 1%>--++ 915 209 20 4 22225225225 22 VWimes Classe. fT x [$x jo- 1 1 eee = | xpd = 132 Pe Seachll 7 S77 _|_ 17 a7 2289 ma 0 - U1 1 [2 92 [7 22. 159 ) ef. 35 4fy= 316 a AM, gf 2 SIS. 164128. £4 3S . KING'S NotesMew bss Date: COSOCOO ge A studemt__olbtoin__4he plowsing ma sk ie oa Gextain ervamination - English: 52 urdu = 13 Physics = 84 tea = = Biolo jind weighted _ mean ‘iy weiqnts ° 3193) 394 selective me asidined to +he suibjects. Use ne Jo aa nouped data. J SupsEcts t fu gti fir. 7 eee : log uxWu 13 I {| 43: si 8u 3 as Gane 6S 3 one Bioiog 4 qa 4 Bib 26.13 41-940 He aM: 24% = AHO .72-3204 24 13 KING'S. worEs a2aoderp,z2x,89 S¥ @Qa RP@PRVAKReopPP PPRPPPPPKTLS | D]OH |& fo fr j= [ae 1. 6-B1S. F896 2-6-0115 »-u-e1¢ B-6-S1S. 2 -Sis 6-618 = -0-O1F 1-6-S1S; 0-125 Q-6S1S = 1-125 | 4- 6878. 2.12.5 (-0.918)\* = 0-186 (O-\2S)*: 0-018 (1-128)* 2 1-265 Qnsy. u-sre G2-DsVs_ 172.2 2O- 6-&1E . 13.125 2x25 a Ab 4325 1%5 60, Ai, 60, 2, AO, 64570, 60, 42,60, 46, 4S» 64, 40 ,S6,70>5 664 Ke 6. ARBRY: Lo 2,40, 42, 46,4815 b, 60360, 601 604 bY, 64 ob by TO» 10) 718) a, BY 10> Ob. Re gu = 55 = SBI n % eee ee eEESSESEEL » KING'S ‘NOTES, Sb bee ese SsDate: Sere eee RANGE = ___ AINTER VAL 24 et I NG 6 hb qu \-_ 1b ee) 34 — sd S\_ —64 65 — &l Gd - as ( Thi = 0-04 L Tors 0-01 4f21_» 0-007 Mehed L161 = 00327 Wirt = 0140 2+: 6 6/61 = 0-098 Vt. 0-333 G44 = 13 61 = 9-213) Slat. 09-23% B45 1S 1e/61- 0-246 blr. ola \G+a 21 Dib. o- Buy eth. 6) KING'S ‘NOTES,w) Avs aac aasaaaaaaahatite — om ae 2 2.8 ot ge 2 Date: OOCOOCO S _Aisthesnaae mean:- ~__Mlass J x fx sans eI 2 | 86.4 Of RP in- 23 r 4 as as @ 24 - SO 4 ud 6B Cl —6y 4 7-253 4d6 6o— @I ¢ 73 366 B 82 OF 3 a0 a0 , eh. 2) 28x24 , AM. ofa 2 1253. 8414 ’ 2s 21 ’ » KING'S woresDate:»|°9}>? Odderdstadsds {laa Mean: _40+20+ 4O+Co+60+ 80 +90 +100 ghee 8 = 4bo = 51-5 g Median: 10, 20,40, 60160) 80> 90» 100 x @0+60 = 120 = go zy 2 ~ DAode__- 60 Ly See ane values how cmmamy ‘tenes epeons s ma question - 4 a eh B40) 15, 8, U5, 60975, 8,90 — ‘ Mean: $x = 5+ 104+45425 +45 +60 +75 + 80+90 n E} e 45 Median - 44 Mode - O KIN WeHa TOFIND QUATILE - Qi. n+4 Qu: rinsed} t 4 Qa- 3(n+4) 4 2.4559 Ope bnsd) 203+ 4) 2 I Vauen 5-0. q 4 Qn. J yawe + O-013"- 2) = 5 +0:0(4 -4) ase TPF Tyo 13 S— @. mad - 6+4 = 1 = Ls" 4 4 4 4% value + 0-15 (27 at), 4 40:15( 2-14) a O15 . 4-15 KING'S ‘NOTES ee OT eae aU ATT IESE ELpweres OOOdSOx ae Qi. 2n+t) > Uo+4). 3 u a B¥Vratue + 05 (U™ 34) 5 + 045(1-5) 5 +0 -5 (2) 6 w da fe de 2 Qe Btned) - 3(bt4) = 5-25" 4 uy 7 aM yaluet 025 [6"= 5) = MW 4 0-25 (13-11) 2 W5 - JPPPrPyYP PPP YTPPPL?. ‘) Ram qe = Ym- Yo = 3-1 = W it} (p-e}Nuient_o} Somge: Xm = Yo S red Ym+ Yo = I3-) - 6 = 0-85 Ida q _ iii) Semi-i mterquatile Pramas. (ST@R) or _Quatile deviation LOD). Qa-Qi = 5-175 2 39 2 U8i5 6 2 2 KING'S - ‘NOTES, : : “ ;° Date: Bd5O0000 _iv)_ Item quatiie Same: Qs— Qa ae _ es = 15 5 3 4 ~ 2 v)_to-e}}icient 2} Q:-D: 43-4 Qo+@) 15-195 W545 S Ba = O1>- a> “Ss Ho 95 9230 Xo Yn Ay BrBs To Oy by Xo 19 1058 Asma? 4525 2.25 3, 4,4, 5» bs bs 1, Ss 1S 9A 41D One ena = idee 2 y.5” 4 4 2 TL Be] = U*\awe + 05 (52 OU) a d+ 0-5( %~ 2) 2. Pat Qi. ned) 2 Wied) 2a", q q Naive + 0-00 a") KING'S NOTES’Qu. Sines) = S149) 2 21 2135 4 4 r values 0-5(1U™ 13") = & +05 (-%) = 8. i) Romge = Ym — Xo NUS, io = a if) o- e}jident o} fonges -Nm- Yo ; ' ' Xen +Yo _ ied. A Aeris 4044 it) Semi _Inter_Quatile= Ge= - $-24 2. M -2-15 Lz u i) Tier __Quorhle Bomats Qa- Ga = O-25 = 2 54 L v)_W-e} cent 0] Q-D: Qo-Qa - S25 >_> 0-533 QoxQn Ot25 21 «, ES «. a e e — re « = 2 as - = a & « ~ e a a si Median Gr. 6 KING'S NOTES vwtwreets Date: V 2 AA_is_meon o} squared deviction yom _ dhe mean. Vasiaree {8 denoted lou o = £01)” fox population S. £60.%)" ‘Jot sample. n PROPERTIES OF VARIANCE? i) vor (t) = 0 fc is Constant ni) vor (at 6) vay (x) "8 il) voy (tx). C var lx) —@ N) vor LA} = 4 vov(x) te) ee - v) var (X+¥). vor (x) + var (y) $b¢SH4¢tsEsECE ~~ STANDARD DEVIATION (SD) a Hs the posine wore oot 6] the vahamce Ahot i$ it 1s dhe —@ positive ave yoot_0] the _-meon o] square ~» deviations wom mean and * 1s denoted te! Jor population acta and Por sampe ae Anok b> w- Ao - (etr-y)* n eS Sb e -*Date: 0000505 $s. {¢, it ts also bCa- 5%)” n tated _ Sook_rream square deviation. Samdara_deviatoy J vy taxouped daia um Gyhouped. dala sp: ]43 Gea $b. 8 [2-4 2s J. tS eae ee ere re PPP KING'S ‘NOTESmat wyy 2d el Date: ys|o Coo \» MomeNT The word moment ig 0 Jomiliar amnechomi caltern used im physics winich Rejevs to rotating e}yect 0} a _jovee. BUA in statistics the Avsl Aouy moments desexiloe _-VaNious’ SvoperHes 0] a Yreqyt ny cist riloution Mat iG «the tinct moment abovi 2evo ov origin is knee aythemotic “eam . e The Second moment albovt mean _is the “P vaslame and ‘NS positive Square root % the standad —@ _Ceviation- : “Ane Wid movement aloovt_ mean i$ A_ measure —— o\ Skeuners- ™ The jourlh momemt aloovt mean %4 used +0 me Measure dhe Kurtosi$-nat is he sha pe o} > A(si Mouton - e Moment "q About One AY mean “a ey ereeieeensee Meena va 4 300} Un, 4 Cyn és poop fet Tpope ROPE we Ze m: 26% Mesos) me eff) Rega ee ee oe 2 x S n zt MH moys oy" my: She m: 20% a we 2 a) A a 4A 0 2 KING'S .Date: OOOOH eT | ee - | ne Ea? mys $40 Mas ble) eget ay | a 2f 0 os ® y yt = a mous £204 my: Sf mu: Ha) mush OX) ‘2 n ef es ABOUT OFGrard EYERCISE UN GRouPED DATA DbsbBRBeSE Owe» 3 PPRPRHL PDH PP KING'S — NOTES eeDate: O0OOOOO fi) _ma. 20°. 509 2 1458-42 $3686 64 n 1 N) mys 20" 2 1314943 - 1464-5 n q ~» GROUPED DATA: ~? a 2,489 10, 20,25, 30 2s Kanes Xm-%o = 30-2-28 “o ™ ~8 WHYS 121 s USS) 240.15 r i * 3 U5 5): 665-5 UIS-5)3= 3123.815 2055)23316).15 $60,155 1-625 YB) "= 3660-25 © (5-5) 57120-0695 205-5)% 805650. 1) Q01030- 4 315 KING'S ‘NOTES! Pabb?®eset OOO” Ven Be-5 . 12-64 = ma = 2 ‘ 28 1 7 “i)_m_: 2ho = 166-15 _= 237-39 _ 2S 1 ii) mas 440?= 31551-6215 = 226U-51 ef 7 _N) my» 26a" = 01030-4315 = 124515 “11. 2g 7 HiBovt MEATY UNGROUPEN DNATA | 18 | 48 | \ Peer rerwryor.” | 10 lO- 32-5: -22.4 0-31-5)-=506-25 0-3-5) = - 1349.65" 15 V5 - 32-5 =-11-5_YU5- 32-5) 306.25 5 -32.5)>.-5350.305 4 20 E (20-32-5196 656 g 30-325: -) °F B0-32.4P 1505 * 45 - 32-5: 12-5 45. (u5-32-5P=1953-105_ #O-32-45)4" = 2456289.0625 (15-32-5)"=_Q3189.0625 | 139-225)" WUIU- 0625 mm (28-3245)'= U10- 0625 (30-32-5)'= 34 0625 (5-32 5) uid. 0615 “150-32. 0. 3789.0625 Ls pe ee ate eeeeees g COOCCO™ SS ae i ee re ~S Ge gu 2 2602725 nS 8 “s ee ny 3s Sly-3)" 2 N69 7 = 210 a % " i 6 mse 2l4-0P2 14182-7119 = 1772-83 6 eo 8 @ uy mys SU1-%)" » _1250419-5 = 16309-9375 n & KING'S NOTES. 8 Bes.Date: 0006000 ; : a ened me 0(20—30.187)= 01-496 | (20-20-181) 830-1997 8(U0S-30-1G1)= 82-504 [BC U0-S- 20-191) = B60: 263 " 2 (60-5 - 20181). DUD. : ISP. 1351-02 ™ c ze 7 s a 3 451. 2u HL2O-30-187)4s BLIS 3.AS3 2: s_ $194. 99) BLYOS B0-1%1)4= FOU%%-1UD ‘ 31 - SR 3H B16 0-5 - 20 EI) 615 46S 2 . “eswot Wet gk Date: oO i) ma, Bora): 243-S2_s 30 43a sf g ji)_m_- S-a): 9032-082 = 1129-010 ot g wing s Ef(a-X)> = 2231U0-3 = 2189-662 oF & wmys Ff (v= a)". 69313 43-86 » BG6UI7-991. af & Oo 2 mad bate be fh te maetiam | a