Book1 1

Name: CATAMPONGAN, JOSHUA G.
Course and Section: BSCE-3C

Subject Course: EM 315__NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS
Name of Activity: MIDTERM PROJECT
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (INCREMENTAL SEARCH METHOD)
LESSON 5 – ROOTS
INCREMEN
Determine the positive real root of
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Closed Method
Incremental Search Method (up to 6 decimal places near True Valu
Note: 𝑥_𝐿=0 and 𝑥_𝑈=1
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑
Note: 𝑥_𝐿=0 and 𝑥_
1ST ITERATION
Δx = 0.1
x f(x)
0 -5
0.1 -3.1175
0.2 -1.456
0.3 0.014500000000001
0.4 1.336
0.5 2.5625
0.6 3.76
0.7 5.0065
0.8 6.392
0.9 8.0185
1 10
SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:
|"ε" _𝑎 |=(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡−𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠)/𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%
Subtitute the values:

|εs| = 0.00005 |εa| =
Hence,
FALSE
3RD ITERATION
Δx = 0.001
x f(x)
0.29 -0.12505795
0.291 -0.111033299195
0.292 -0.09702407552
0.293 -0.083030231995
0.294 -0.06905172152
0.295 -0.055088496875
0.296 -0.04114051072
0.297 -0.027207715595
0.298 -0.01329006392
0.299 0.000612492005001
0.3 0.014500000000001

|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%

|εs| = 0.00005 |εa| =
Hence,
FALSE
5TH ITERATION
Δx = 0.00001
x f(x)
0.2989 -0.00077708564068
0.29891 -0.00063812110317
0.29892 -0.00049915807089
0.29893 -0.00036019654379
0.29894 -0.00022123652182
0.29895 -8.2278004922E-05
0.29896 5.66790069385E-05
0.29897 0.000195634513813
0.29898 0.000334588515749
0.29899 0.000473541012797
0.299 0.000612492005001
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%

|εs| = 0.00005 |εa| =
Hence,
FALSE
7TH ITERATION
Δx = 0.0000001
x f(x)
0.298955 -1.2799310868E-05
0.2989551 -1.1409740824E-05
0.2989552 -1.0020170931E-05
0.2989553 -8.6306011893E-06
0.2989554 -7.2410315974E-06
0.2989555 -5.8514621557E-06
0.2989556 -4.4618928641E-06
0.2989557 -3.0723237243E-06
0.2989558 -1.6827547347E-06
0.2989559 -2.9318589512E-07
0.298956 1.09638279344E-06
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%

|εs| = 0.00005 |εa| =
Hence,
TRUE
ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
NCREMENTAL SEARCH METHOD
−"𝟓
places near True Value)

" 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
2ND ITERATION
Δx = 0.01
x f(x)
0.2 -1.456
0.21 -1.30095395
0.22 -1.1477912
0.23 -0.99647395
0.24 -0.8469632
0.25 -0.69921875
0.26 -0.5531992
0.27 -0.40886195
0.28 -0.2661632
0.29 -0.12505795
0.3 0.0145
SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡−𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠)/𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)%

33.3333333333 |εs| =
4TH ITERATION
Δx = 0.0001
x f(x)
0.298 -0.01329006392
0.2981 -0.0118991298068
0.2982 -0.0105083466035
0.2983 -0.0091177142622
0.2984 -0.0077272327352
0.2985 -0.0063369019747
0.2986 -0.0049467219328
0.2987 -0.0035566925617
0.2988 -0.0021668138136
0.2989 -0.0007770856407
0.299 0.000612492005

|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)%

0.33444816054 |εs| =
6TH ITERATION
Δx = 0.000001
x f(x)
0.29895 -8.227800492E-05
0.298951 -6.838223601E-05
0.298952 -5.448648215E-05
0.298953 -4.059074334E-05
0.298954 -2.669501958E-05
0.298955 -1.279931087E-05
0.298956 1.0963827934E-06
0.298957 1.4992061403E-05
0.298958 2.8887724963E-05
0.298959 4.2783373473E-05
0.29896 5.6679006934E-05
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)%

0.00334492909 |εs| =
3.34497384E-05
QUATIONS
0.01
f(x)
-1.456
-1.30095395
-1.1477912
-0.99647395
-0.8469632
-0.69921875
-0.5531992
-0.40886195
-0.2661632
-0.12505795
0.0145
OR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:
|"ε" _𝑎 |=(𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡−𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠)/𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%
the values:
0.00005 |εa| = 3.333333
Hence,
FALSE
0.0001
f(x)
-0.01329006392
-0.0118991298068
-0.0105083466035
-0.0091177142622
-0.0077272327352
-0.0063369019747
-0.0049467219328
-0.0035566925617
-0.0021668138136
-0.0007770856407
0.000612492005
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%
the values:
0.00005 |εa| = 0.033445
Hence,
FALSE
0.000001
f(x)
-8.227800492E-05
-6.838223601E-05
-5.448648215E-05
-4.059074334E-05
-2.669501958E-05
-1.279931087E-05
1.0963827934E-06
1.4992061403E-05
2.8887724963E-05
4.2783373473E-05
5.6679006934E-05
|εs| = (0.50 x 102-n)% ×100%
the values:
0.00005 |εa| = 0.000334
Hence,
FALSE
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (BISECTION METHOD)
LESSON 5 – ROOTS O
BISEC
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Closed Method
Bisection Method (Make an iteration up to True Value)
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 "
Note: 𝑥_𝐿=0 and 𝑥_𝑈
ITERATION XL XU f(xl) f(xu)

1 0 1 -5 10
2 0 0.5 -5 2.5625
3 0.25 0.5 -0.69921875 2.5625
4 0.25 0.375 -0.69921875 1.016845703125
5 0.25 0.3125 -0.69921875 0.186843872070313
6 0.28125 0.3125 -0.24843883514404 0.186843872070313
7 0.296875 0.3125 -0.02894848585129 0.186843872070313
8 0.296875 0.3046875 -0.02894848585129 0.079398531466722
9 0.296875 0.30078125 -0.02894848585129 0.025339176179841
10 0.298828125 0.30078125 -0.00177593754779 0.025339176179841
11 0.298828125 0.2998046875 -0.00177593754779 0.011788776338108
12 0.298828125 0.29931640625 -0.00177593754779 0.00500821144243
13 0.298828125 0.299072265625 -0.00177593754779 0.001616585307733
14 0.2989501953125 0.299072265625 -7.95639863744E-05 0.001616585307733
15 0.2989501953125 0.29901123046875 -7.95639863744E-05 0.00076853868865
16 0.2989501953125 0.298980712890625 -7.95639863744E-05 0.000344494358811
17 0.2989501953125 0.298965454101563 -7.95639863744E-05 0.000132466938222
18 0.2989501953125 0.298957824707031 -7.95639863744E-05 2.64519139357E-05
19 0.298954010009766 0.298957824707031 -2.65559267154E-05 2.64519139357E-05
20 0.298955917358398 0.298957824707031 -5.19790139819E-08 2.64519139357E-05
21 0.298955917358398 0.298956871032715 -5.19790139819E-08 1.31999743047E-05
22 0.298955917358398 0.298956394195557 -5.19790139819E-08 6.57399935644E-06
23 0.298955917358398 0.298956155776978 -5.19790139819E-08 3.26101059844E-06
24 0.298955917358398 0.298956036567688 -5.19790139819E-08 1.6045158997E-06
25 0.298955917358398 0.298955976963043 -5.19790139819E-08 7.7626846906E-07
26 0.298955917358398 0.298955947160721 -5.19790139819E-08 3.62144734645E-07
27 0.298955917358398 0.29895593225956 -5.19790139819E-08 1.55082862108E-07
28 0.298955917358398 0.298955924808979 -5.19790139819E-08 5.1551924507E-08
29 0.298955921083689 0.298955924808979 -2.13544737449E-10 5.1551924507E-08
30 0.298955921083689 0.298955922946334 -2.13544737449E-10 2.56691894407E-08
31 0.298955921083689 0.298955922015011 -2.13544737449E-10 1.27278223516E-08
32 0.298955921083689 0.29895592154935 -2.13544737449E-10 6.25713880709E-09
33 0.298955921083689 0.298955921316519 -2.13544737449E-10 3.02179703482E-09
34 0.298955921083689 0.298955921200104 -2.13544737449E-10 1.4041257046E-09
35 0.298955921083689 0.298955921141896 -2.13544737449E-10 5.95290927663E-10
36 0.298955921083689 0.298955921112793 -2.13544737449E-10 1.90873095107E-10
37 0.298955921098241 0.298955921112793 -1.13358211706E-11 1.90873095107E-10
38 0.298955921098241 0.298955921105517 -1.13358211706E-11 8.97681928791E-11
39 0.298955921098241 0.298955921101879 -1.13358211706E-11 3.92166299434E-11
40 0.298955921098241 0.29895592110006 -1.13358211706E-11 1.39399602972E-11
41 0.298955921098241 0.29895592109915 -1.13358211706E-11 1.30206956328E-12
42 0.298955921098695 0.29895592109915 -5.01731989289E-12 1.30206956328E-12
43 0.298955921098923 0.29895592109915 -1.85806925401E-12 1.30206956328E-12
44 0.298955921099036 0.29895592109915 -2.77999845366E-13 1.30206956328E-12
45 0.298955921099036 0.298955921099093 -2.77999845366E-13 5.11590769747E-13
46 0.298955921099036 0.298955921099065 -2.77999845366E-13 1.172395514E-13
47 0.298955921099051 0.298955921099065 -7.9936057773E-14 1.172395514E-13
48 0.298955921099051 0.298955921099058 -7.9936057773E-14 1.86517468137E-14
49 0.298955921099054 0.298955921099058 -3.10862446895E-14 1.86517468137E-14
50 0.298955921099056 0.298955921099058 0 1.86517468137E-14
51 0.298955921099057 0.298955921099058 0 1.86517468137E-14
52 0.298955921099057 0.298955921099058 0 1.86517468137E-14
53 0.298955921099058 0.298955921099058 0 1.86517468137E-14
54 0.298955921099058 0.298955921099058 1.7763568394E-14 1.86517468137E-14
55 0.298955921099058 0.298955921099058 1.7763568394E-14 1.86517468137E-14
56 0.298955921099058 0.298955921099058 1.86517468137E-14 1.86517468137E-14
OBLEMS

BISECTION METHOD
−"𝟓
True Value)
" 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
f(xu) xr f(xl)*f(xr) f(xr) New Interval

10 0.5 -12.8125 2.5625 _____
2.5625 0.25 3.49609375 -0.69921875 0,0.5
2.5625 0.375 -0.71099758148193 1.016845703125 0.25,0.5
1.016845703125 0.3125 -0.13064473867416 0.186843872070313 0.25,0.375
0.186843872070313 0.28125 0.173713091760874 -0.24843883514404 0.25,0.3125
0.186843872070313 0.296875 0.007191928104078 -0.02894848585129 0.28125,0.3125
0.186843872070313 0.3046875 -0.00229846726478 0.079398531466722 0.296875,0.3125
0.079398531466722 0.30078125 -0.00073353078313 0.025339176179841 0.296875,0.3046875
0.025339176179841 0.298828125 5.1410702975E-05 -0.00177593754779 0.296875,0.30078125
0.025339176179841 0.2998046875 -2.09361305414E-05 0.011788776338108 0.298828125,0.30078125
0.011788776338108 0.29931640625 -8.89427074789E-06 0.00500821144243 0.298828125,0.2998046875
0.00500821144243 0.299072265625 -2.87095454721E-06 0.001616585307733 0.298828125,0.29931640625
0.001616585307733 0.2989501953125 1.41300670854E-07 -7.95639863744E-05 0.298828125,0.299072265625
0.001616585307733 0.29901123046875 -6.1148001752E-08 0.00076853868865 0.2989501953125,0.299072265625
0.00076853868865 0.298980712890625 -2.74093444705E-08 0.000344494358811 0.2989501953125,0.29901123046875
0.000344494358811 0.298965454101563 -1.05395976678E-08 0.000132466938222 0.2989501953125,0.29898071289062
0.000132466938222 0.298957824707031 -2.10461971996E-09 2.64519139357E-05 0.2989501953125,0.29896545410156
2.64519139357E-05 0.298954010009766 2.11289539135E-09 -2.65559267154E-05 0.2989501953125,0.29895782470703
2.64519139357E-05 0.298955917358398 1.38035088604E-12 -5.19790139819E-08 0.298954010009766,0.2989578247070
2.64519139357E-05 0.298956871032715 -6.86121648945E-13 1.31999743047E-05 0.298955917358398,0.2989578247070
1.31999743047E-05 0.298956394195557 -3.41710004465E-13 6.57399935644E-06 0.298955917358398,0.2989568710327
6.57399935644E-06 0.298956155776978 -1.69504115492E-13 3.26101059844E-06 0.298955917358398,0.2989563941955
3.26101059844E-06 0.298956036567688 -8.34011543847E-14 1.6045158997E-06 0.298955917358398,0.2989561557769
1.6045158997E-06 0.298955976963043 -4.0349669607E-14 7.7626846906E-07 0.298955917358398,0.2989560365676
7.7626846906E-07 0.298955947160721 -1.88239262256E-14 3.62144734645E-07 0.298955917358398,0.2989559769630
3.62144734645E-07 0.29895593225956 -8.06105425785E-15 1.55082862108E-07 0.298955917358398,0.2989559471607
1.55082862108E-07 0.298955924808979 -2.67961820474E-15 5.1551924507E-08 0.298955917358398,0.2989559322595
5.1551924507E-08 0.298955921083689 1.10998448936E-17 -2.13544737449E-10 0.298955917358398,0.2989559248089
5.1551924507E-08 0.298955922946334 -5.48152031963E-18 2.56691894407E-08 0.298955921083689,0.2989559248089
2.56691894407E-08 0.298955922015011 -2.71795948237E-18 1.27278223516E-08 0.298955921083689,0.2989559229463
1.27278223516E-08 0.29895592154935 -1.33617906374E-18 6.25713880709E-09 0.298955921083689,0.2989559220150
6.25713880709E-09 0.298955921316519 -6.45288854423E-19 3.02179703482E-09 0.298955921083689,0.2989559215493
3.02179703482E-09 0.298955921200104 -2.99843654933E-19 1.4041257046E-09 0.298955921083689,0.2989559213165
1.4041257046E-09 0.298955921141896 -1.27121244853E-19 5.95290927663E-10 0.298955921083689,0.2989559212001
5.95290927663E-10 0.298955921112793 -4.07599449807E-20 1.90873095107E-10 0.298955921083689,0.2989559211418
1.90873095107E-10 0.298955921098241 2.42070495565E-21 -1.13358211706E-11 0.298955921083689,0.2989559211127
1.90873095107E-10 0.298955921105517 -1.01759618129E-21 8.97681928791E-11 0.298955921098241,0.2989559211127
8.97681928791E-11 0.298955921101879 -4.44552703954E-22 3.92166299434E-11 0.298955921098241,0.2989559211055
3.92166299434E-11 0.29895592110006 -1.58020897055E-22 1.39399602972E-11 0.298955921098241,0.2989559211018
1.39399602972E-11 0.29895592109915 -1.47600277211E-23 1.30206956328E-12 0.298955921098241,0.2989559211000
1.30206956328E-12 0.298955921098695 5.68754410616E-23 -5.01731989289E-12 0.298955921098241,0.2989559210991
1.30206956328E-12 0.298955921098923 9.32252783052E-24 -1.85806925401E-12 0.298955921098695,0.2989559210991
1.30206956328E-12 0.298955921099036 5.16542965295E-25 -2.77999845366E-13 0.298955921098923,0.2989559210991
1.30206956328E-12 0.298955921099093 -1.4222215488E-25 5.11590769747E-13 0.298955921099036,0.2989559210991
5.11590769747E-13 0.298955921099065 -3.25925771601E-26 1.172395514E-13 0.298955921099036,0.2989559210990
1.172395514E-13 0.298955921099051 2.22222117001E-26 -7.9936057773E-14 0.298955921099036,0.2989559210990
1.172395514E-13 0.298955921099058 -1.49094711087E-27 1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099051,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099054 2.48491185145E-27 -3.10862446895E-14 0.298955921099051,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099056 0 0 0.298955921099054,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099057 0 0 0.298955921099056,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099057 0 0 0.298955921099057,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058 0 0 0.298955921099057,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058 0 1.7763568394E-14 0.298955921099058,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058 3.15544362088E-28 1.7763568394E-14 0.298955921099058,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058 3.31321580193E-28 1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058,0.2989559210990
1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058 3.47887659202E-28 1.86517468137E-14 0.298955921099058,0.2989559210990
ATIONS
New Interval Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)
_____ _____
0,0.5 -100
0.25,0.5 33.3333333333333
0.25,0.375 -20
0.25,0.3125 -11.1111111111111
0.28125,0.3125 5.26315789473684
0.296875,0.3125 2.56410256410256
0.296875,0.3046875 -1.2987012987013
0.296875,0.30078125 -0.65359477124183
.298828125,0.30078125 0.325732899022801
298828125,0.2998046875 -0.163132137030995
98828125,0.29931640625 -0.0816326530612245
98828125,0.299072265625 -0.0408329930583912
9501953125,0.299072265625 0.0204123290467442
501953125,0.29901123046875 -0.0102072062876391
01953125,0.298980712890625 -0.00510386362476395
01953125,0.298965454101562 -0.00255199693760367
01953125,0.298957824707031 -0.00127601475073052
010009766,0.298957824707031 0.000638003304857119
917358398,0.298957824707031 0.000319000634811263
917358398,0.298956871032715 -0.00015950057180955
917358398,0.298956394195557 -7.97503495059067E-05
917358398,0.298956155776978 -3.98751906532553E-05
917358398,0.298956036567688 -1.99375993017055E-05
917358398,0.298955976963043 -9.96880064462253E-06
917358398,0.298955947160721 -4.98440057075374E-06
5917358398,0.29895593225956 -2.49220034748749E-06
917358398,0.298955924808979 -1.2461001892714E-06
921083689,0.298955924808979 6.23050090753788E-07
921083689,0.298955922946334 -3.11525046347372E-07
921083689,0.298955922015011 -1.55762523416306E-07
5921083689,0.29895592154935 -7.78812617688078E-08
921083689,0.298955921316519 -3.89406308995676E-08
921083689,0.298955921200104 -1.94703154535748E-08
921083689,0.298955921141896 -9.73515772773511E-09
921083689,0.298955921112793 -4.86757886410449E-09
921098241,0.298955921112793 2.43378943199301E-09
921098241,0.298955921105517 -1.21689471601131E-09
921098241,0.298955921101879 -6.08447358009359E-10
5921098241,0.29895592110006 -3.04223679005605E-10
5921098241,0.29895592109915 -1.52111839503034E-10
5921098695,0.29895592109915 7.60559197514591E-11
5921098923,0.29895592109915 3.80279598757151E-11
5921099036,0.29895592109915 1.90139799378539E-11
921099036,0.298955921099093 -9.50698996892787E-12
921099036,0.298955921099065 -4.75349498446416E-12
921099051,0.298955921099065 2.37674749223202E-12
921099051,0.298955921099058 -1.18837374611603E-12
921099054,0.298955921099058 5.94186873058009E-13
921099056,0.298955921099058 0
921099057,0.298955921099058 0
921099057,0.298955921099058 0
921099058,0.298955921099058 0
921099058,0.298955921099058 0
921099058,0.298955921099058 0
921099058,0.298955921099058 0
Error(%)
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (FALSE POSITION METHOD_REGULA-FALSI MET
FALSE POSITION MET
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Closed Method
Regula-Falsi Method (Make an iteration up to True Value)
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 "
Note: 𝑥_𝐿=0 and 𝑥_𝑈
ITERATION XL XU f(xl) f(xu)

1 0 1 -5 10
2 0 0.333333333333333 -5 0.469135802469135
3 0 0.304740406320542 -5 0.080129158553831
4 0 0.29993371901522 -5 0.013579986980152
5 0 0.299121306326141 -5 0.002297935612987
6 0 0.298983897177134 -5 0.000388740944127
7 0 0.298960653527792 -5 6.57601814638E-05
8 0 0.298956721638139 -5 1.11240359626E-05
9 0 0.298956056518555 -5 1.88174686411E-06
10 0 0.298955944006672 -5 3.18317066039E-07
11 0 0.298955924974118 -5 5.38466418121E-08
12 0 0.298955921754563 -5 9.10871911231E-09
13 0 0.298955921209942 -5 1.54083590331E-09
14 0 0.298955921117814 -5 2.60648391759E-10
15 0 0.298955921102229 -5 4.40909531108E-11
16 0 0.298955921099593 -5 7.45981054706E-12
17 0 0.298955921099147 -5 1.26121335597E-12
18 0 0.298955921099072 -5 2.13162820728E-13
19 0 0.298955921099059 -5 3.64153152077E-14
OBLEMS
_REGULA-FALSI METHOD)

TION METHOD (REGULA-FALSI METHOD)
−"𝟓
p to True Value)
" 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
f(xu) xr f(xl)*f(xr) f(xr) New Interval

10 0.333333333333333 -2.34567901234568 0.469135802469135 _____
0.469135802469135 0.304740406320542 -0.40064579276915 0.080129158553831 0,0.333333333333333
0.080129158553831 0.29993371901522 -0.06789993490076 0.013579986980152 0,0.304740406320542
0.013579986980152 0.299121306326141 -0.01148967806493 0.002297935612987 0,0.29993371901522
0.002297935612987 0.298983897177134 -0.00194370472063 0.000388740944127 0,0.299121306326141
0.000388740944127 0.298960653527792 -0.00032880090732 6.57601814638E-05 0,0.298983897177134
6.57601814638E-05 0.298956721638139 -5.5620179813E-05 1.11240359626E-05 0,0.298960653527792
1.11240359626E-05 0.298956056518555 -9.40873432054E-06 1.88174686411E-06 0,0.298956721638139
1.88174686411E-06 0.298955944006672 -1.5915853302E-06 3.18317066039E-07 0,0.298956056518555
3.18317066039E-07 0.298955924974118 -2.6923320906E-07 5.38466418121E-08 0,0.298955944006672
5.38466418121E-08 0.298955921754563 -4.55435955615E-08 9.10871911231E-09 0,0.298955924974118
9.10871911231E-09 0.298955921209942 -7.70417951657E-09 1.54083590331E-09 0,0.298955921754563
1.54083590331E-09 0.298955921117814 -1.30324195879E-09 2.60648391759E-10 0,0.298955921209942
2.60648391759E-10 0.298955921102229 -2.20454765554E-10 4.40909531108E-11 0,0.298955921117814
4.40909531108E-11 0.298955921099593 -3.72990527353E-11 7.45981054706E-12 0,0.298955921102229
7.45981054706E-12 0.298955921099147 -6.30606677987E-12 1.26121335597E-12 0,0.298955921099593
1.26121335597E-12 0.298955921099072 -1.06581410364E-12 2.13162820728E-13 0,0.298955921099147
2.13162820728E-13 0.298955921099059 -1.82076576039E-13 3.64153152077E-14 0,0.298955921099072
3.64153152077E-14 0.298955921099057 0 0 0,0.298955921099059
ATIONS
THOD)
New Interval Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)
_____ _____
0,0.333333333333333 -9.3827160493827
0,0.304740406320542 -1.60258317107662
0,0.29993371901522 -0.271599739603037
0,0.299121306326141 -0.0459587122597287
0,0.298983897177134 -0.00777481888252826
0,0.298960653527792 -0.00131520362928457
0,0.298956721638139 -0.000222480719254481
0,0.298956056518555 -3.76349372838715E-05
0,0.298955944006672 -6.36634132257231E-06
0,0.298955924974118 -1.07693284447558E-06
0,0.298955921754563 -1.82174371479194E-07
0,0.298955921209942 -3.08167037306094E-08
0,0.298955921117814 -5.21296855234063E-09
0,0.298955921102229 -8.81810456296068E-10
0,0.298955921099593 -1.49196610156864E-10
0,0.298955921099147 -2.52158054253979E-11
0,0.298955921099072 -4.2707181501044E-12
0,0.298955921099059 -7.24165251539447E-13
Error(%)
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (FIXED POINT METHOD)
FIXED
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Open Method
Fixed Point Method (Make certain that you develop a solution that
Note: 〖𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑥〗 _𝑖=0 or 𝑥_𝑖=1
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

USE EQUATION:
"𝒙
ITERATION
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
OBLEMS

FIXED POINT METHOD
−"𝟓
u develop a solution that converges on the root.)
" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
"𝒙 = " 𝟓/(𝟓𝒙^𝟑 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " − " 𝟏𝟐"x + 20 " )
ITERATION X VALUE 0F X
1 0 0.25
2 0.25 0.290644868301544
3 0.290644868301544 0.297548720367363
4 0.297548720367363 0.298717838944154
5 0.298717838944154 0.298915645884465
6 0.298915645884465 0.298949108094931
7 0.298949108094931 0.298954768607621
8 0.298954768607621 0.298955726143118
9 0.298955726143118 0.298955888120231
10 0.298955888120231 0.298955915520345
11 0.298955915520345 0.298955920155359
12 0.298955920155359 0.29895592093942
13 0.29895592093942 0.298955921072052
ATIONS
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD)
NEWTON-
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Open Method
Newton-Raphson Method (Make an iteration up to True Value)
Note: 〖𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑥〗 _𝑖=𝑥_0=0
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

DIFFERENTIATE THE EQUATION:
"𝒇'(𝒙) = " 𝟐𝟎𝒙^𝟑 " + " 𝟔𝒙^𝟐 " − " 𝟐𝟒"x

Note: 𝑥_𝑖=0
ITERATION XI f(x)
1 0 -5
2 0.25 -0.69921875
3 0.297606382978723 -0.01876648432148
4 0.298954933451171 -1.37240535452E-05
5 0.298955921098528 -7.3399064604E-12
6 0.298955921099056 0
OBLEMS

NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD
−"𝟓
on up to True Value)
" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
+ " 𝟔𝒙^𝟐 " − " 𝟐𝟒"x + 20"
f'(x) xi+1 Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)

20 0.25
14.6875 0.297606382978723 15.9964253798034
13.9160414866979 0.298954933451171 0.451088214828768
13.895702187343 0.298955921098528 0.000330365544801425
13.8956873231771 0.298955921099056 1.76677753035842E-10
13.8956873231692 0.298955921099056 0
ATIONS
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (SECANT METHOD)
SECA
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
Using Open Method
Fixed Point Method (Make an iteration up to True Value)
Note: 〖𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑥〗 _(𝑖−1)=0 or 𝑥_𝑖=1
(SOLUTIONS) :
"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐
Note: 𝑥_(𝑖−1)=0
𝑥_𝑖=1
ITERATION XI f(x)
-1 0
0 1 10
1 0.333333333333333 0.469135802469137
2 0.298342541436464 -0.00852616501737
3 0.29895571722489 -2.83297198944E-06
4 0.298955921099034 -3.13526982154E-13
5 0.298955921099056 0
OBLEMS

SECANT METHOD
−"𝟓
to True Value)
=1
" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓

" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓
f(x-1) xi+1 Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)
-5 0.333333333333333 100
13.4074074074074 0.298342541436464 -11.7283950617284
13.90492771944 0.29895571722489 0.205105891306369
13.8956903914866 0.298955921099034 6.81953860122385E-05
13.8956873231695 0.298955921099056 7.53874595192348E-12
13.8956873231692 0.298955921099056 0
ATIONS
Method Use: CLOSED METHOD ( POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION)
LESSON 6 – CURVE FI
POLYNOM
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Regression
Given the following data set:
xi yi
0 2.1
1 7.7
2 13.6
3 27.2
4 40.9
5 61.1
a. Fit a 4th-order polynomial function and calculate the new values of the de
(Note: include the tabulation of the solution process)
TABULAR PRESENTATION.
ITERATION xi yi xi2
1 0 2.1 0
2 1 7.7 1
3 2 13.6 4
4 3 27.2 9
5 4 40.9 16
n = 6 5 61.1 25
15 152.6 55
where:
Mean, x (x̄) 2.5 2.5
Mean, y (ȳ) 25.4333333333333 25.4333333333333
m 4 m - order of polynomial
HENCE, THE GENERAL EQUATION IS…
n = 6
Σxi = 15
Σxi2 = 55
Σxi3 = 225
Σxi4 = 979
b. Error Analysis: Calculate the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, vari

determination, and correlation coefficient.
ARITHMETIC MEAN
¯𝑦= (∑▒𝑦_𝑖 )/𝑛
¯𝑥= (∑▒ 𝑥_𝑖 )/𝑛
STANDARD DEVIATION
𝑆_𝑌=√(𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1)) =
√((∑▒ 〖( 〖
𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2
〗 )/(𝑛−1))
VARIANCE
〖
𝑆 _𝑌 〗 ^2= 𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1) = (
〖( 〖𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 〗 )/(𝑛−
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
𝐶.𝑉.= 𝑆_𝑌/¯𝑦×100%
STANDARD ERROR OF THE ESTIMATE

𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥)= √(𝑆_𝑟/(𝑛−(𝑚+1)
COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
×100%
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
×100%
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 )
OBLEMS
URVE FITTING AND INTERPOLATION

POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION
yi
2.1
7.7
13.6
27.2
40.9
61.1
late the new values of the dependent variable.

rocess)
xi2 xi3 xi4 xi5 xi6 xi7

0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 8 16 32 64 128
9 27 81 243 729 2187
16 64 256 1024 4096 16384
25 125 625 3125 15625 78125
55 225 979 4425 20515 96825
2.5
25.4333333333333
f polynomial
Σxi = 15 Σxi2 = 55 Σxi3 =

Σxi2 = 55 Σxi3 = 225 Σxi4 =
Σxi3 = 225 Σxi4 = 979 Σxi5 =
Σxi4 = 979 Σxi5 = 4425 Σxi6 =
Σxi5 = 4425 Σxi6 = 20515 Σxi7 =
an, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, standard error of the estimate, coefficient of
¯𝑦= (∑▒𝑦_𝑖 )/𝑛

¯𝑦 = 25.4333333333333
¯𝑥= (∑▒ 𝑥_𝑖 )/𝑛
¯𝑥 = 2.5
𝑆_𝑌=√(𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1)) =
√((∑▒ 〖( 〖
𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 𝑆_𝑌 = 22.4204965749349
〗 )/(𝑛−1))
〖
𝑆 _𝑌 〗 ^2= 𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1) = (∑▒
〖𝑆 _𝑌 502.678666666667
〖( 〖𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 〗 )/(𝑛−1)
〗 ^2
=
𝐶.𝑉.= 𝑆_𝑌/¯𝑦×100% 𝐶.𝑉. = 88.1539839119327
𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥)= √(𝑆_𝑟/(𝑛−(𝑚+1)))
𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥) 1.0547198028073
=
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
𝑟^2 = 0.998672192870475 = 99.867%
×100%
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
𝑟^2 =
×100%
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 ) 𝑟 = 0.99933587590483
OLATION
xi7 xi8 xiyi xi2yi xi3yi xi4yi

0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7
128 256 27.2 54.4 108.8 217.6
2187 6561 81.6 244.8 734.4 2203.2
16384 65536 163.6 654.4 2617.6 10470.4
78125 390625 305.5 1527.5 7637.5 38187.5
96825 462979 585.6 2488.8 11106 51086.4
225 Σxi4 = 979 Σyi = 152.6

979 Σxi5 = 4425 Σxiyi = 585.6
4425 Σxi6 = 20515 Σxi2yi = 2488.8
20515 Σxi7 = 96825 Σxi3yi = 11106
96825 Σxi8 = 462979 Σxi4yi = 51086.4
xi4yi (yi-ȳ)2 (yi-a0-a1xi-a2x12-a3xi3-a4xi4)2
0 544.444444444444 0.013243260240916
7.7 314.471111111111 0.3310815071419
217.6 140.027777777778 1.32432602603234
2203.2 3.12111111111111 1.3243260270451
10470.4 239.217777777778 0.331081506729916
38187.5 1272.11111111111 0.0132432601963983
51086.4 2513.39333333333 3.33730158730159
MATRIX FORM:
SIMULTANEOUS POLYNOMIAL (QUARTIC EQUATION) ARE
[
6 15 55
15 55 225
55 225 979
225 979 4425
979 4425 20515
Matrix Product:
{𝑋}= 〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1) ×{𝐵}
0.996031746031693 -1.81878306878237 1.0763888888881

-1.81878306878275 13.5438712522003 -12.3842592592548
1.0763888888886 -12.3842592592553 12.3593749999959
-0.254629629629542 3.68364197530745 -3.84837962962839
0.020833333333325 -0.347222222222108 0.37326388888877
L (QUARTIC EQUATION) ARE….
225
979
4425
20515
96825
979
4425
20515
96825
462979
]{ } { a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
=
) ×{𝐵} ELIMINATIONS OF UNKNOWNS
-0.25462962962943 0.020833333333311 a0 2.21507936459651

3.68364197530722 -0.347222222222082 a1 3.99470899477006
-3.84837962962831 0.373263888888759 a2 0.651388888907917
1.23070987654281 -0.121527777777739 a3 0.284259259257439
-0.12152777777774 0.012152777777774 a4 -0.020833333332955
{ 152.6
585.6
2488.8
11106
51086.4
}
Method Use: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
MULTIPLE L
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Regression
Given the following data set:
yi x1
5 9
10 2
9 2.5
0 1
3 4
27 7
a. Fit a 4th-order multiple linear function and calculate the new values of th
(Note: include the tabulation of the solution process)
TABULAR PRESENTATION.
ITERATION yi x1 x2
1 5 9 3
2 10 2 5
3 9 2.5 6
4 0 1 4
5 3 4 3
n = 6 27 7 2
54 25.5 23
where:
Mean, y (ȳ) 9 9
m 4 m - number of variable
HENCE, THE GENERAL EQUATION IS…
n = 6
Σx1i = 25.5
Σx2i = 23
Σx3i = 22
Σx4i = 19
b. Error Analysis: Calculate the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, vari

determination, and correlation coefficient.
ARITHMETIC MEAN
¯𝑦= (∑▒𝑦_𝑖 )/𝑛
¯𝑥= (∑▒ 𝑥_𝑖 )/𝑛

STANDARD DEVIATION
𝑆_𝑌=√(𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1)) =
√((∑▒ 〖( 〖
𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2
〗 )/(𝑛−1))
VARIANCE
〖
𝑆 _𝑌 〗 ^2= 𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1) = (
〖( 〖𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 〗 )/(𝑛−
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
𝐶.𝑉.= 𝑆_𝑌/¯𝑦×100%
STANDARD ERROR OF THE ESTIMATE

𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥)= √(𝑆_𝑟/(𝑛−
(𝑚+1)))
COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
×100%
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 )
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 )
OBLEMS

MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
x1 x2 x3 x4
9 3 8 1
2 5 1 6
2.5 6 2 4
1 4 3 5
4 3 6 2
7 2 2 1
alculate the new values of the dependent variable.

ocess)
x2 x3 x4 x12 x22 x32

3 8 1 81 9 64
5 1 6 4 25 1
6 2 4 6.25 36 4
4 3 5 1 16 9
3 6 2 16 9 36
2 2 1 49 4 4
23 22 19 157.25 99 118
9
r of variable
Σx1i = 25.5 Σx2i = 23 Σx3i =

Σx1i2 = 157.25 Σx1ix2i = 82 Σx1ix3i =
Σx1ix2i = 82 Σx2i2 = 99 Σx2ix3i =
Σx1ix3i = 120 Σx2ix3i = 75 Σx3i2 =
Σx1ix4i = 51 Σx2ix4i = 85 Σx3ix4i =
an, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, standard error of the estimate, coefficient of
¯𝑦= (∑▒𝑦_𝑖 )/𝑛

¯𝑦 = 9
¯𝑥= (∑▒ 𝑥_𝑖 )/𝑛
𝑆_𝑌=√(𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1)) =
√((∑▒ 〖( 〖
𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 𝑆_𝑌 = 9.57078889120432
〗 )/(𝑛−1))
〖
𝑆 _𝑌 〗 ^2= 𝑆_𝑡/(𝑛−1) = (∑▒
〖𝑆 _𝑌 91.6
〖( 〖𝑦 _𝑖−¯𝑦) 〗 ^2 〗 )/(𝑛−1)
〗 ^2
=
𝐶.𝑉.= 𝑆_𝑌/¯𝑦×100% 𝐶.𝑉. = 1.06342098791159 = 106.342%
𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥)= √(𝑆_𝑟/(𝑛−
(𝑚+1))) 𝑆_(𝑦⁄𝑥) 1.26968573538087
=
𝑟^2= (𝑆_𝑡−𝑆_𝑟)/𝑆_𝑡
𝑟^2 = 0.989440380786269 = 98.944%
×100%
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 ) 𝑟 = 0.994706178118076
𝑟=√(𝑟^2 ) 𝑟 =
OLATION
x32 x42 x1x2 x1x3 x1x4 x2x3

64 1 27 72 9 24
1 36 10 2 12 5
4 16 15 5 10 12
9 25 4 3 5 12
36 4 12 24 8 18
4 1 14 14 7 4
118 83 82 120 51 75
22 Σx4i = 19 Σyi = 54
120 Σx1ix4i = 51 Σx1iyi = 288.5
75 Σx2ix4i = 85 Σx2iyi = 182
118 Σx3ix4i = 51 Σx3iyi = 140
51 Σx4i2 = 83 Σx4iyi = 134
x2x3 x2x4 x3x4 x1iyi x2iyi x3iyi
24 3 8 45 15 40
5 30 6 20 50 10
12 24 8 22.5 54 18
12 20 15 0 0 0
18 6 12 12 9 18
4 2 2 189 54 54
75 85 51 288.5 182 140
x3iyi x4iyi (yi-ȳ)2 (yi-a0-a1x1i-a2x2i-a3x3i-a4x4i)2
40 5 16 0.162429526774378
10 60 1 1.10957153491312
18 36 0 0.0859131381286316
0 0 81 1.96400454145799
18 6 36 1.48409912144255
54 27 324 0.0302877371722995
140 134 458 4.83630559988898
MATRIX FORM:
SIMULTANEOUS POLYNOMIAL (QUA
[ 6
25.5
23
22
19
25.5
157.25
82
120
51
Matrix Product:
{𝑋}= 〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1) ×{
9.32812126539141 -0.781948974163255
-0.781948974163255 0.10103393241274
-0.44760946499202 -0.000971480119353
-0.193779443172268 -0.009946105983855
-1.077413858241 0.124025628570768
ANEOUS POLYNOMIAL (QUARTIC EQUATION) ARE….
23
82
99
75
85
22
120
75
118
51
19
51
85
51
83
]{ } a0
a1
a2
a3
a4
〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1) ×{𝐵} ELIMINATIONS OF UNKNOWNS
-0.447609464992021 -0.193779443172268 -1.077413858241 a0

-0.000971480119353 -0.00994610598385 0.124025628570768 a1
0.230778571924225 -0.0063146207758 -0.129397682326001 a2
-0.006314620775796 0.046461422216054 0.028388807932212 a3
-0.129397682326001 0.028388807932212 0.297548554730568 a4
=
{ 54
288.5
182
140
134
}
25.1587676080773
1.97321490528067
-0.672819374089239
-4.17410311567553
-2.10339324127404
Method Use: NEWTON'S DIVIDED DIFFERENCE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
NEWTON'S DIVIDED DIFFER
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Interpolation
Given the function:
Estimate the value of the function wherein x = 0.50 by
i
0
1
2
3
a. Newton’s 1^𝑠𝑡, 2^𝑛𝑑 and 3^𝑟𝑑-order Divided Difference Interpolating Po

LINEAR INTERPOLATION (FIRST ORDER NEWTON'S INTERPO
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥𝑒^𝑥
Value of B i xi
x0 0 0.2
x1 1 0.3
1st FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
For b0 :
b0 = f(x0) = 0.244280551632034
For b1 :
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 𝑓[𝑥_1 , 𝑥_0] = 1.60677090640767
))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
Thus,
𝑓_1 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0
(𝑥−𝑥_0 )
𝑓_1 (0.5)=0.244280552+(1.606770906)(0.5−0.2)
𝑓_1 (0.5)=0.726311824
QUADRATIC INTERPOLATION (FIRST ORDER NEWTON'S INTERP
Value of B i xi
x0 0 0.2
x1 1 0.3
x2 2 0.45
For b0 :
b0 = f(x0) = 0.705740483470576
For b1 :
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0
))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) 𝑓[𝑥_1 , 𝑥_0] =
(𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1
))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 )
𝑓[𝑥_2 , 𝑥_1] =
2nd FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
For b2 :
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) −
(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖
〗 _0 )
Thus,
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥
−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=0.244280552+(1.606770906)(0.5−0.2)+(1.59379214)(0
𝑓_2 (0.5)=0.821939352
CUBIC INTERPOLATION (FIRST ORDER NEWTON'S INTERPOL
Value of B i xi
x0 0 0.2
x1 1 0.3
x2 2 0.45
x3 3 0.6
For b0 :
b0 = f(x0) = 0.705740483470576
For b1 :
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0
))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) 𝑓[𝑥_1 , 𝑥_0] =
(𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1
))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓[𝑥_2 , 𝑥_1] =
(𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2
))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 )
𝑓[𝑥_3 , 𝑥_2] =
2nd FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
For b2 :
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) −
(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖
𝑥〗 _0 )
((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_2
)−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 )
3rd FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
For b3 :
𝑏_3=(𝑓[𝑥_3 , 𝑥_(2 ),𝑥_1]− 𝑓[𝑥_2 , 𝑥_(1 ),𝑥_0])/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 )=(((𝑓
−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 )
− 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 )
Thus,
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+
−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 )
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=0.244280552+(1.606770906)(0.5−0.2)+(1.
𝑓_2 (0.5)=0.82193935
OBLEMS
TING POLYNOMIAL

ED DIFFERENCE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMI
function wherein x = 0.50 by interpolation and its true percent relative error using the following values of x:
i xi
0 0.2
1 0.3
2 0.45
3 0.6
d Difference Interpolating Polynomial

ER NEWTON'S INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL)
Estimate at 𝑓_1 (𝑥)=𝑏_0+𝑏_1 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )

x = 0.5 where,
𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
xi f(xi) FIRST 𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
0.2 0.244280551632034 1.60677090640767
0.3 0.404957642272801
𝑓_1 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(
(𝑥−𝑥_0 )
WHERE
TRUE VALUE
x y = f(x)
0.5 0.824360635350064
1.60677090640767
ANSWER:
f1(0.5) 0.726311823554335
(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )

𝑥_0 )
70906)(0.5−0.2)
RDER NEWTON'S INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL)
Estimate at
x = 0.5
where,
xi f(xi) FIRST SECOND 𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
0.2 0.244280551632034 1.60677090640767 1.59379213964332 𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(
0.3 0.404957642272801 2.0052189413185 𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+
where,
𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓
0.45 0.705740483470576
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+
WHERE
TRUE VALUE
x
0.5
1.60677090640767
ANSWER:
2.0052189413185
f2(0.5)
𝑓[𝑥_2 , 1.59379213964332
𝑥_(1 ),𝑥_0] =
−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )

/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )
06)(0.5−0.2)+(1.59379214)(0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)
0.5)=0.821939352
ER NEWTON'S INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL)
Estimate at
x = 0.5
xi f(xi) FIRST SECOND THIRD

0.2 0.244280551632034 1.60677090640767 1.59379213964332 0.834850515666931
0.3 0.404957642272801 2.0052189413185 1.92773234591009
0.45 0.705740483470576 2.58353864509153
0.6 1.09327128023431
1.60677090640767
2.0052189413185
2.58353864509153
𝑓[𝑥_2 , 1.59379213964332
𝑥_(1 ),𝑥_0] =
𝑓[𝑥_2 , 1.92773234591009
𝑥_(1 ),𝑥_0] =
),𝑥_0])/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 )=(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_2 )

((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2
𝑓[ 〖 𝑥 _3 ,𝑥 〗 _2 0.834850515666931
− 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 )
, 𝑥_(1 ),𝑥_0] =
𝑓_3 (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2
𝑥〗 _1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−
𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )
)/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓_3 (𝑥)=0.244280552+(1.606770906)(0.5−0.2)+(1.59379214)(0.5−0.2
2+(1.606770906)(0.5−0.2)+(1.59379214)(0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)
𝑓_2 (0.5)=0.821939352
OLATION
POLYNOMIAL
es of x:
(𝑥)=𝑏_0+𝑏_1 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )
_0)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
(𝑥−𝑥_0 )
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑏_0+𝑏_1 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+𝑏_2 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )

where,
𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )
−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )
where,
𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑓_2 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )
−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )
TRUE VALUE
y = f(x)
0.824360635350064
0.821939351932934
𝑓_3 (𝑥)=𝑏_0+𝑏_1 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+𝑏_2 (𝑥−𝑥_

where,
𝑏_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑏_1=(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 )
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _
𝑏_3=(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓
𝑓_3 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) −
(𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1
𝑏_2=((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _
𝑏_3=(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓
𝑓_3 (𝑥)= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)+(𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) −
(𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1
WHERE
TRUE VALUE
x y = f(x)
0.5 0.824360635350064
ANSWER:
f3(0.5) 0.824443903479935
/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )+(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))
𝑥〗 _1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )(𝑥−
.5−0.2)+(1.59379214)(0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)+(0.834850516)(0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.45)
𝑓_3 (0.5)=0.824443903
)
− (𝑓(𝑥_1 )
)
− (𝑓(𝑥_1 )
0+𝑏_1 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )+𝑏_2 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )+𝑏_3 (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )(𝑥−𝑥_2 )
𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )+(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) −
−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )(𝑥−𝑥_2 )
𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_1 ) − ((𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )+(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) −
−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_1 )−𝑓(𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ))/(𝑥_2 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )(𝑥−𝑥_2 )
0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )+(((𝑓(𝑥_3 )−𝑓(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) − (𝑓(𝑥_2 )−𝑓(𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_2−𝑥_1 ))/(𝑥_3 − 〖

− 〖𝑥〗_0 ) (𝑥−𝑥_0 )(𝑥−𝑥_1 )(𝑥−𝑥_2 )
/(𝑥_3 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) −
−𝑥_2 )
/(𝑥_3 − 〖 𝑥〗 _0 )
(𝑥_2 ))/(𝑥_3−𝑥_2 ) −
−𝑥_2 )
Method Use: LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
LAGRANGE INTE
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Interpolation
Given the function:
i
0
1
2
3
b. 1^𝑠𝑡, 2^𝑛𝑑 and 3^𝑟𝑑-order Lagrange Interpolating Polynomial
GENERAL EQUATION:
𝑓_𝑛 (𝑥)=∑_(𝑖=0
Where,
𝐿_𝑖
(𝑥)=∏24_█(𝑗=
(𝑥)=∏24_█(𝑗=
1st LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
i
x0 0
x1 1
x2 2
x3 3
FORMULA:
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=(𝑥−𝑥_1)/(𝑥_0−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓(𝑥_0 )+

(𝑥−𝑥_0)/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) 𝑓(𝑥_1 )
Substituting the given values…
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=(𝑥−𝑥_1)/(𝑥_0−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓(𝑥_0 )+

𝑓_1 (0.5)=(0.5−0.3)/(0.2−0.3) (0.2442805
(0.404957642)
𝑓_1 (0.5)=0.726311824
2nd LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
i
x0 0
x1 1
x2 2
x3 3
FORMULA:
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=((𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_
〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1))/
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=((𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥

(𝑥−𝑥_1))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1)) 𝑓(𝑥_
𝑓_2 (0.5)=((0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.45))/((0.2−0.3)(0.2−0
(0.5−0.3)/(0.45−0.2)(0.45−0.3) (0.705740483
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=((𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥
(𝑥−𝑥_1))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1)) 𝑓(𝑥_
𝑓_2 (0.5)=((0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.45))/((0.2−0.3)(0.2−0
(0.5−0.3)/(0.45−0.2)(0.45−0.3) (0.705740483
𝑓_2 (0.5)=0.821939352
3rd LAGRANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
i
x0 0
x1 1
x2 2
x3 3
FORMULA:
𝑓_3 (𝑥)=((𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0

〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥
〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_3 )
𝑓_3 (𝑥)=((𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖

〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )+((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1
𝑓_3 (0.5)=((0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.45)(0.5−0.6))/((0.2−0.3)(
𝑓_3 (0.5)=0.824443903
OBLEMS

ANGE INTERPOLATING POLYNOMIAL
i xi
0 0.2
1 0.3
2 0.45
3 0.6
lating Polynomial
𝑓_𝑛 (𝑥)=∑_(𝑖=0)^𝑛▒ 〖𝐿 _𝑖 (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥_𝑖) 〗

Where,
𝐿_𝑖
(𝑥)=∏24_█(𝑗=0@𝑗≠𝑖)^𝑛▒(𝑥−𝑥_𝑗)/(𝑥_𝑖−𝑥_𝑗 )
(𝑥)=∏24_█(𝑗=0@𝑗≠𝑖)^𝑛▒(𝑥−𝑥_𝑗)/(𝑥_𝑖−𝑥_𝑗 )
POLYNOMIAL
Estimate at
x = 0.5
i xi f(xi) WHERE
0 0.2 0.244280551632034 TRUE VALUE
1 0.3 0.404957642272801 x y = f(x)
2 0.45 0.705740483470576 0.5 0.824360635350064
3 0.6 1.09327128023431
ANSWER:
f1(0.5) 0.726311823554335
𝑥_1)/(𝑥_0−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓(𝑥_0 )+
−𝑥_0 ) 𝑓(𝑥_1 )
−𝑥_1)/(𝑥_0−𝑥_1 ) 𝑓(𝑥_0 )+ (𝑥−𝑥_0)/(𝑥_1−𝑥_0 ) 𝑓(𝑥_1 )

5−0.3)/(0.2−0.3) (0.244280552)+ (0.5−0.2)/(0.3−0.2)
42)
726311824
POLYNOMIAL
Estimate at
x = 0.5
i xi f(xi)
0 0.2 0.244280551632034
1 0.3 0.404957642272801
2 0.45 0.705740483470576
3 0.6 1.09327128023431
_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_0 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0)

𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )
𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_0 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)
_2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )
3)(0.5−0.45))/((0.2−0.3)(0.2−0.45)) (0.244280552) + (0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.45)/(0.3−0.2)(0.3−0.45) (0.404957642) + (0.5−0.2)

.2)(0.45−0.3) (0.705740483)
𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_0 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)
_2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )
3)(0.5−0.45))/((0.2−0.3)(0.2−0.45)) (0.244280552) + (0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.45)/(0.3−0.2)(0.3−0.45) (0.404957642) + (0.5−0.2)

.2)(0.45−0.3) (0.705740483)
9352
POLYNOMIAL
Estimate at
x = 0.5 WHERE
TRUE VALUE
i xi f(xi) x
0 0.2 0.244280551632034 0.5
1 0.3 0.404957642272801
2 0.45 0.705740483470576
3 0.6 1.09327128023431 ANSWER:
f3(0.5)
(𝑥−𝑥_2)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_2) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_0 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_2)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−
𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )+((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_0
〗 _3−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_3 )
𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_2) 〖(𝑥 〗 _0−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_0 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_2)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2) 〖(
_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_2 )+((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_1) 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_2)) 𝑓(𝑥_3 )
0.5−0.45)(0.5−0.6))/((0.2−0.3)(0.2−0.45)(0.2−0.6)) (0.244280552)+ (0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.45)(0.5−0.6)/(0.3−0.2)(0.3−0.45)(0.3−0.6) (0.4049576

(0.705740483)+(0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.45)/(0.6−0.2)(0.6−0.3)(0.6−0.45) (1.09327128)
OLATION
L
es of x:
VALUE
y = f(x)
0.824360635350064
0.726311823554335
WHERE
TRUE VALUE
x y = f(x)
0.5 0.824360635350064
ANSWER:
f2(0.5) 0.821939351932934
(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)
57642) + (0.5−0.2)
(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)
57642) + (0.5−0.2)
TRUE VALUE
x y = f(x)
0.5 0.824360635350064
ANSWER:
f3(0.5) 0.824443903479935
)/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2)

𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_2))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _3−𝑥_0)
〗 _1−𝑥_0) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_2) 〖(𝑥 〗 _1−𝑥_3)) 𝑓(𝑥_1 ) + ((𝑥−𝑥_0)(𝑥−𝑥_1)(𝑥−𝑥_3))/( 〖(𝑥 〗 _2−𝑥_0)
.3−0.45)(0.3−0.6) (0.404957642)+ (0.5−0.2)(0.5−0.3)(0.5−0.6)/(0.45−0.2)(0.45−0.3)(0.45−0.6)

3)(0.6−0.45) (1.09327128)
Method Use: LINEAR SPLINE INTERPOLATION
LINEAR SPL
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Interpolation
Given the function:
i
0
1
2
3
b. Linear Spline Interpolation

LINEAR SPLINE INTERPOLATION
i
0
1
2
3
INTERVAL
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
0.45≤ 0.5 ≥0.6
Therefore,
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥_0 )+𝑚_𝑖 (𝑥−𝑥
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥_0 )+(𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖+1) )
𝑓_1 (0.5)=0.705740483+(2
𝑓_1 (0.5)=
OBLEMS

INEAR SPLINE INTERPOLATION
i xi
0 0.2
1 0.3
2 0.45
3 0.6
INTERPOLATION
Estimate at
)=𝑥𝑒^𝑥
x = 0.5
i xi f(xi)
0 0.2 0.244280551632034
1 0.3 0.404957642272801
2 0.45 0.705740483470576
3 0.6 1.09327128023431
SLOPE, m
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
𝑚_𝑖=(𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖+1) )
0.45≤ 0.5 ≥0.6 −𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 ))/(𝑥_(𝑖+1)−𝑥_𝑖 )
m = 2.58353864509153
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥_0 )+𝑚_𝑖 (𝑥−𝑥_0)
𝑓_1 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥_0 )+(𝑓(𝑥_(𝑖+1) )−𝑓(𝑥_𝑖 ))/(𝑥_(𝑖+1)−𝑥_𝑖 ) 𝑥−𝑥_0)
𝑓_1 (0.5)=0.705740483+(2.583538645)(0.5−0.45)
𝑓_1 (0.5)=
f1(0.5) = 0.834917415725152
OLATION
es of x:
(𝑥_(𝑖+1) )
)/(𝑥_(𝑖+1)−𝑥_𝑖 )
2.58353864509153
Method Use: QUADRATIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
QUADRATIC S
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Interpolation
Given the function:
i
0
1
2
3
b. Quadratic Spline Interpolation

QUADRATIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
i
0
1
2
3
INTERVAL
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
1ST STEP.
2ND STEP.
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
3RD STEP.
4TH STEP.
5TH STEP.
GENERAL EQUATIONS:
𝑎_1=0
0.04 𝑎_1+0.2 𝑏_1+ 𝑐_1=0.244280552
0.09 𝑎_1+0.3 𝑏_1+ 𝑐_1=0.404957642
0.09 𝑎_2+0.3 𝑏_2+ 𝑐_2=0.404957642

𝑎_1=0
0.04 𝑎_1+0.2 𝑏_1+ 𝑐_1=0.244280552
0.09 𝑎_1+0.3 𝑏_1+ 𝑐_1=0.404957642
0.09 𝑎_2+0.3 𝑏_2+ 𝑐_2=0.404957642
0.2025 𝑎_2+0.45 𝑏_2+ 𝑐_2=0.707540483
0.2025 𝑎_3+0.45 𝑏_3+ 𝑐_3=0.707540483
0.36 𝑎_3+0.6 𝑏_3+ 𝑐_3=1.09327128
0.6𝑎_1+𝑏_1−0.6 𝑎_2−𝑏_2=0
0.9𝑎_2+𝑏_2−0.9𝑎_3−𝑏_3=0
OBLEMS

ADRATIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
i xi
0 0.2
1 0.3
2 0.45
3 0.6
NE INTERPOLATION
Estimate at
)=𝑥𝑒^𝑥
x = 0.5
i xi f(xi)
0 0.2 0.244280551632034
1 0.3 0.404957642272801
2 0.45 0.705740483470576
3 0.6 1.09327128023431
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑎𝑥^2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐
1ST STEP.
𝑛+1=4
𝑛=3 (3 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠)
3𝑛=3(3)
3𝑛=9 (9 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑠)
2ND STEP.
2𝑛−2=2(3)−2
2𝑛−2=4 (4 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITIONS
𝑎_(𝑖−1) 〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑏_(𝑖−1)

𝑥_(𝑖−1)+𝑐_(𝑖−1)= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
𝑎_𝑖 〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑖

𝑥_(𝑖−1)+𝑐_𝑖= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
𝑎_(𝑖−1) 〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
𝑥_(𝑖−1)+𝑐_(𝑖−1)= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
𝑎_𝑖 〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑖

0.04 a1 + 0.2 b1 c1 )+𝑐_𝑖= 〖
+𝑥_(𝑖−1 𝑓 (𝑥= 〗 _(0.244280551632034
𝑖−1))
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.09 a1 + 0.3 b1 + c2 = 0.404957642272801
0.09 a2 + 0.3 b2 + c2 = 0.404957642272801

0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.2025 a2 + 0.45 b2 + c2 = 0.705740483470576
0.2025 a3 + 0.45 b3 + c3 = 0.705740483470576

0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
0.36 a3 + 0.6 b3 + c3 = 1.09327128023431
3RD STEP.
CONDITIONS
𝑎_1 〖𝑥 _0 〗 ^2+𝑏_1
𝑥_0+𝑐_0= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑎_𝑛 〖
𝑥 _𝑛 〗 ^2+𝑏_𝑛 𝑥_𝑛+𝑐_𝑛= 〖
𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _𝑛)
0.04 a1 + 0.2 b1 + c1 = 0.244280551632034
0.36 a3 + 0.6 b3 + c3 = 1.09327128023431
4TH STEP.
𝑛−1=3−1
𝑛−1=2 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITION (FIRST DERIVATIVE OF INTERIOR KNOTS)
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=2𝑎𝑥+𝑏=2𝑎_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_(𝑖−1)+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
1ST DERIVATIVE OF QUADRATIC SPLINE
2𝑎_1 𝑥_1+𝑏_1=2𝑎_2 𝑥_2+𝑏_2
at x = 0.3
0.6 a1 + b1 = 0.6 a2 + b2
at x = 0.45
0.9 a2 + b2 = 0.9 a3 + b3
5TH STEP.
𝑎_1=0
MATRIX FORM:
b1 c1
80552
7642
7642
[
80552
7642
0.2 1
7642 0.3 1
0 0
7540483
0 0
7540483 0 0
0 0
128
1 0
0 0
Matrix Product:
[
-10 10
3 -2
66.66667 -66.66667
-50 50
9 -9
-66.66667 66.66667
70 -70
-18 18
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3 𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_1 𝑥^2+𝑏_1 𝑥+𝑐
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45 𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_2 𝑥^2+𝑏_2 𝑥+𝑐
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6 𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_3 𝑥^2+𝑏_3 𝑥+𝑐
Therefore,
OLATION
es of x:
〗 ^2+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
_𝑖
_(𝑖−1))
〗 ^2+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
_𝑖
_(0.244280551632034
𝑖−1))
0.404957642272801
0.404957642272801
0.705740483470576
0.705740483470576
1.09327128023431
0.244280551632034
1.09327128023431
ATIVE OF INTERIOR KNOTS)

𝑎_(𝑖−1) 𝑥_(𝑖−1)+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3
[𝑨]
[𝑨]
]{
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.09 0.3 1 0 0 0
0.2025 0.45 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.2025 0.45 1
0 0 0 0.36 0.6 1
-0.6 -1 0 0 0 0
0.9 1 0 -0.9 -1 0
{𝑋}= 〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1)

×{𝐵}
〖 [𝐴
]{
0
0
0
0 ] 〗 0^
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
(−1)
-44.44444 44.44444
26.66667 -26.66667
0
0
0
0
6.66666666667
-5
0
0
-3 4 0 0 0.9 0
88.88889 -88.88889 -44.44444 44.444444 -6.6666666667 6.6666666667
-93.33333 93.33333 40 -40 7 -7
24 -24 -8 9 -1.8 1.8
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_1 𝑥^2+𝑏_1 𝑥+𝑐_1

= 0 x2 + 1.6067709064 x + -0.0770736296
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_2 𝑥^2+𝑏_2 𝑥+𝑐_2

= 2.6563202 x2 + 0.0129787668 x + 0.1619951913
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=𝑎_3 𝑥^2+𝑏_3 𝑥+𝑐_3

= 1.1991445 x2 + 1.3244369631 x + -0.1330829029
Therefore,
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=1.199144459 𝑥^2+1.324436963𝑥−0.133082903
f2(5) = 0.82892169343
{ 𝑿} {𝑩}
{ 𝑿} {𝑩}
{} { }
b1 0.244280551632034
c1 0.404957642272801
=
a2 0.404957642272801
b2 0.705740483470576
c2 0.705740483470576
a3 1.09327128023431
b3 0
c3 0
{ 𝑿} {𝑩}
{ } { }
b1 1.60677090640767
c1 -0.0770736296495
=
a2 2.65632023273887
b2 0.012978766764348
c2 0.161995191296998
a3 1.19914445908132
b3 1.32443696305614
c3 -0.133082902868656
}
}
Method Use: CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
LESSON 6 – CUR
CUB
(SOLUTIONS) :
Using Interpolation
Given the function:
Estimate the value of the function where
i
0
1
2
3
b. Cubic Spline Interpolation

CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
i
0
1
2
3
INTERVAL
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
1ST STEP.
2ND STEP.
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
3RD STEP.
4TH STEP.
5TH STEP.
6TH STEP.
GENERAL EQUATIONS:
0.008 𝑎_1+0.04 𝑏_1+0.2 𝑐_1+ 𝑑_1=0.244280552
0.027 𝑎_1+0.09 𝑏_1+0.3 𝑐_1+ 𝑑_1=0.404957642
0.027 𝑎_2+0.09 𝑏_2+0.3 𝑐_2+ 𝑑_2=0.404957642
0.091125 𝑎_2+0.2025 𝑏_2+0.45 𝑐_2+ 𝑑_2=0.707540483
0.091125 𝑎_3+0.2025 𝑏_3+0.45 𝑐_3+ 𝑑_3=0.707540483
0.216 𝑎_3+0.36 𝑏_3+0.6 𝑐_3+ 𝑑_3=1.09327128
0.27𝑎_1+0.6𝑏_1+𝑐_1−0.27𝑎_2−0.6 𝑏_2−𝑐_2=0
0.6075𝑎_2+0.9𝑏_2+𝑐_2−0.6 〖075𝑎 〗 _3−0.9𝑏_3−𝑐_3=0
1.8𝑎_1+2𝑏_1−1.8𝑎_2−2𝑏_2=0
2.7𝑎_2+2𝑏_2−2.7𝑎_3− 〖2𝑏 〗 _3=0
1.2𝑎_1+2𝑏_1=0
3.6𝑎_3+2𝑏_3=0
OBLEMS
6 – CURVE FITTING AND INTERPOL

CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION
value of the function wherein x = 0.50 by interpolation and its true percent relative error using the following values of x:
i xi
0 0.2
1 0.3
2 0.45
3 0.6
NTERPOLATION
Estimate at
)=𝑥𝑒^𝑥
x = 0.5
i xi f(xi)
0 0.2 0.244280551632034
1 0.3 0.404957642272801
2 0.45 0.705740483470576
3 0.6 1.09327128023431
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑎𝑥^3+𝑏𝑥^2+𝑐𝑥+𝑑
1ST STEP.
𝑛+1=4
𝑛=3 (3 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠)
4𝑛=4(3)
4𝑛=12 (12 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑠)
2ND STEP.
2𝑛−2=2(3)−2
2𝑛−2=4 (4 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITIONS
𝑎_(𝑖−1) 〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^3+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
〖𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑐_(𝑖−1)
𝑥+𝑑_(𝑖−1)= 〖 𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _(𝑖−1))
𝑎_𝑖 〖
𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^3+𝑏_𝑖 〖 𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑐_
0.008 a1 + 0.04 b1 + 𝑥+𝑑_𝑖= 〖 0.2〗c1_(𝑖−1))+
𝑓 (𝑥
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.027 a1 + 0.09 b1 + 0.3 c1 +
0.027 a2 + 0.09 b2 + 0.3 c2 +
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.091125 a2 + 0.2025 b2 + 0.45 c2 +
0.091125 a3 + 0.2025 b3 + 0.45 c3 +

0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
0.216 a3 + 0.36 b3 + 0.6 c3 +
3RD STEP.
CONDITIONS
𝑎_1 〖𝑥 _0 〗 ^3+𝑏_1 〖𝑥 _0 〗 ^2+𝑐_1

𝑥_0+𝑑_0= 〖 𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _0)
𝑎_𝑛 〖𝑥 _𝑛 〗 ^3+𝑏_𝑛 〖 𝑥 _𝑛 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑛

𝑥_𝑛+𝑑_𝑛= 〖𝑓 (𝑥 〗 _𝑛)
0.008 a1 + 0.04 b1 + 0.2 c1 +
0.216 a3 + 0.36 b3 + 0.6 c3 +
4TH STEP.
𝑛−1=3−1
𝑛−1=2 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITION (FIRST DERIVATIVE OF
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=3𝑎𝑥^2+2𝑏𝑥+𝑐
1ST DERIVATIVE OF CUBIC SPLINE
3𝑎_1 𝑥^2+ 〖2𝑏 〗 _1 𝑥+𝑐_1=3𝑎_2

𝑥^2+ 〖2𝑏 〗 _2 𝑥+𝑐_2
at x = 0.3
0.27 a1 + 0.6 b1 + c1 = 0.27 a2 +
at x = 0.45
0.6075 a2 + 0.9 b2 + c2 = 0.6075 a3 +
5TH STEP.
𝑛−1=3−1
𝑛−1=2 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITION (SECOND DERIVATIVE OF
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=6𝑎𝑥+2𝑏
2ND DERIVATIVE OF CUBIC SPLINE
6𝑎_1 𝑥+2𝑏_1=0
at x = 0.3
1.8 a1 + 2 b1 = 1.8 a2 + 2
at x = 0.45
2.7 a2 + 2 b2 = 2.7 a3 + 2
6TH STEP.
𝑛−1=3−1
𝑛−1=2 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠) CONDITION (SECOND DERIVATIVE
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=6𝑎𝑥+2𝑏
2ND DERIVATIVE OF CUBIC SPLINE
6𝑎_1 𝑥+2𝑏_1=0
at x = 0.2
1.2 a1 + 2 b1 = 0
at x = 0.6
3.6 a3 + 2 b3 = 0
MATRIX FORM:
+ 𝑑_1=0.244280552 a1 b1
[
+ 𝑑_1=0.404957642
+ 𝑑_2=0.404957642
0.008 0.04
0.45 𝑐_2+ 𝑑_2=0.707540483 0.027 0.09
0.45 𝑐_3+ 𝑑_3=0.707540483 0 0
0 0
+ 𝑑_3=1.09327128
0 0
_2−0.6 𝑏_2−𝑐_2=0 0 0
0.27 0.6
〖075𝑎 〗 _3−0.9𝑏_3−𝑐_3=0 0 0
=0 1.8 2
0 0
〗 _3=0 1.2 2
0 0
Matrix Product:
[
216.216216216 -216.21621622
-129.72972973 129.72972973
13.7837837838 -13.783783784
1.7027027027 -0.7027027027
-180.18018018 180.18018018
227.027027027 -227.02702703
-93.243243243 93.2432432432
12.4054054054 -12.405405405
36.036036036 -36.036036036
-64.864864865 64.8648648649
38.1081081081 -38.108108108
-7.2972972973 7.2972972973
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6
ERPOLATION
N
ng values of x:
−1) 〗 ^3+𝑏_(𝑖−1)
𝑖−1)
〗 _(𝑖−1))
+𝑏_𝑖 〖
𝑥 _(𝑖−1) 〗 ^2+𝑐_𝑖
−1)) d1 = 0.244280551632034
d2 = 0.404957642272801
d2 = 0.404957642272801
d2 = 0.705740483470576
d3 = 0.705740483470576
d3 = 1.09327128023431
d1 = 0.244280551632034
d3 = 1.09327128023431
N (FIRST DERIVATIVE OF INTERIOR KNOTS)
𝑥+𝑐
0.6 b2 + c3
0.9 b3 + c3
SECOND DERIVATIVE OF INTERIOR KNOTS)
b2
b3
N (SECOND DERIVATIVE OF END KNOTS)
ORM:
c1 d1 a2 b2 c2 d2
[𝑨]
0.2 1 0 0 0 0
0.3 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.027 0.09 0.3 1
0 0 0.091125 0.2025 0.45 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 -0.27 -0.6 -1 0
0 0 0.6075 0.9 1 0
0 0 -1.8 -2 0 0
0 0 2.7 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
{𝑋}= 〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1) ×{𝐵}

{𝑋}= 〖 [𝐴] 〗 ^(−1) ×{𝐵}
〖 [𝐴]
〗 -12.972972973
-180.18018018 180.18018018 36.036036036 -36.036036036 21.62162162162 -5.405405405406
108.108108108 -108.10810811 -21.6216216216 21.6216216216 ^(− 3.2432432432434
1)
-19.81981982 19.8198198198 3.96396396396 -3.963963964 2.378378378378 -0.594594594595
1.08108108108 -1.0810810811 -0.21621621622 0.21621621622 -0.12972972973 0.0324324324324
224.224224224 -224.22422422 -104.104104104 104.104104104 -18.018018018 15.615615615616
-255.85585586 255.855855856 104.504504505 -104.5045045 22.7027027027 -15.67567567568
89.3693693694 -89.369369369 -33.8738738739 33.8738738739 -9.32432432432 5.0810810810812
-8.8378378378 9.83783783784 3.56756756757 -3.5675675676 1.240540540541 -0.535135135135
-104.1041041 104.104104104 80.0800800801 -80.08008008 3.603603603604 -12.01201201201
187.387387387 -187.38738739 -144.144144144 144.144144144 -6.48648648649 21.621621621622
-110.09009009 110.09009009 78.018018018 -78.018018018 3.810810810811 -12.7027027027
21.0810810811 -21.081081081 -12.2162162162 13.2162162162 -0.72972972973 2.4324324324325
0.2≤𝑥 ≥0.3 𝑓_3 (𝑥)=𝑎_1 𝑥^3+𝑏_1 𝑥^2+𝑐_1

𝑥+𝑑_1 = 5.4890401938934
0.3≤𝑥 ≥0.45 𝑓_3 (𝑥)=𝑎_2 𝑥^3+𝑏_2 𝑥^2+𝑐_2 𝑥+𝑑_2

= 1.8515743247892
0.45≤𝑥 ≥0.6 𝑓_3 (𝑥)=𝑎_3 𝑥^3+𝑏_3 𝑥^2+𝑐_3

𝑥+𝑑_3 = -5.510934454051
Therefore,
𝑓_2 (𝑥)=0.540972099 𝑥^2+1.294501247 𝑥^2+0.7739
f2(5) =
a3 b3 c3 d3
]{
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0.091125 0.2025 0.45 1
0.216 0.36 0.6 1
0 0 0 0
-0.6075 -0.9 -1 0
0 0 0 0
-2.7 -2 0 0
0 0 0 0
3.6 2 0 0
]{
0.945945945946 -0.27027027027 -2.027027027027 0.135135135135
-0.567567567568 0.162162162162 1.7162162162162 -0.081081081081
0.104054054054 -0.02972972973 -0.472972972973 0.014864864865
-0.005675675676 0.001621621622 0.0421621621622 -0.000810810811
0.600600600601 0.780780780781 0.3003003003003 -0.39039039039
-0.756756756757 -0.783783783784 -0.3783783783784 0.391891891892
0.310810810811 0.254054054054 0.1554054054054 -0.127027027027
-0.041351351351 -0.026756756757 -0.0206756756757 0.013378378378
-0.12012012012 0.510510510511 -0.0600600600601 1.411411411411
0.216216216216 -0.918918918919 0.1081081081081 -2.040540540541
-0.127027027027 0.539864864865 -0.0635135135135 0.967567567568
0.024324324324 -0.103378378378 0.0121621621622 -0.150810810811
x3 + -3.293424116336 x2 + 2.210565327736 x + -0.11000787081
x3 + -0.019704834142 x2 + 1.228449543078 x + -0.01179629235
x3 + 9.919682017293 x2 + -3.244274540068 x + 0.65911232012
𝑥^2+1.294501247 𝑥^2+0.773953063𝑥+0.04602902
0.828028747658
{ }{ }
{ 𝑿} {𝑩}
a1 0.244280551632034
b1 0.404957642272801
c1 0.404957642272801
d1 0.705740483470576
=
a2 0.705740483470576
b2 1.09327128023431
c2 0
d2 0
a3 0
b3 0
c3 0
d3 0
{ }{ }
{ 𝑿} {𝑩}
a1 5.48904019389336
b1 -3.293424116336
c1 2.21056532773595
d1 -0.110007870812862
=
a2 1.85157432478926
b2 -0.019704834142331
c2 1.22844954307784
d2 -0.011796292347051
a3 -5.51093445405149
b3 9.91968201729269
c3 -3.24427454006791
d3 0.659112320124814
}
}
Method Use: FINITE-DIVIDED DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATION OF DERIVATIVES
LESSON 7 – NUMERICA
FINITE-DIVIDED DIFF
(SOLUTIONS) :
Numerical Differentiation
Given the function:
Find the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4
a. Using Finite-Divided Difference Approximation of Derivatives.

i. Forward (Accuracy = 1)
ii. Backward (Accuracy = 1)
iii. Centered (Accuracy = 2)
FORWARD - FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
1ST DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
BACKWARD - FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE

FORMULA:
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
CENTERED - FINITE DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
FORMULA:
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
OBLEMS
N OF DERIVATIVES
MERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND IN

IDED DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATION OF DER
Find the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th derivatives of the function wherein x = π/4 and interval h = π/12 and its true
percent relative error.
on of Derivatives.
DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
-2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004 Product Rule of Differentiation:
-1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE 1.26246714845634
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
PERCENT RELATIVE ERROR:
f'(π/4) = 1.34278127157811 εT = -6.36168024015287
DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE 1.26246714845634
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
f'(π/4) = 1.12132034355964 εT = 11.1802358635062
DIVIDED DIFFERENCE
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE 1.26246714845634
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
f'(π/4) = 1.23205080756888 εT = 2.40927781167669
AND INTEGRATION
OF DERIVATIVES
2ND DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
THE FUNCTION
xi-4
xi-3
erentiation: xi-2
𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥
xi-1
xi
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
THEREFORE,
-6.36168024015287
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
THE FUNCTION
xi-4
xi-3
erentiation: xi-2
xi-1
xi
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
THEREFORE,
11.1802358635062
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
THE FUNCTION
THE FUNCTION
xi-4
xi-3
erentiation: xi-2
xi-1
xi
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
THEREFORE,
2.40927781167669
FORMULA:
Estimate at
(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0
-2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥−xsin 〗𝑥

⁡
f''(π/4) = 0.086884254851373
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0
-2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,

⁡
f''(π/4) = 1.45202550646835
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0
-2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
⁡
f''(π/4) = 0.845918433500587
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
Product Rule of Differentiation:
(𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥

⁡
TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = 89.8836896285956
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448

⁡
TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = -69.0656231759962
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448


⁡
TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = 1.50605035603975
3RD DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
− 3 sin⁡𝑥−𝑥 〗⁡cos⁡𝑥
f'''(π/4) = -3.17925777389845
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
f'''(π/4) = -1.49145218439533
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
f'''(π/4) = -2.60722773856198
4TH DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
xi-5
xi-4
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥 xi-3
xi-2
⁡
xi-1
(𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥 xi
xi+1
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
− 3 sin⁡𝑥−𝑥 〗⁡cos⁡𝑥 xi+2
xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = -18.7761304901127
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
xi-5
xi-4
xi-2
⁡
xi-1
xi+1
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = 44.2797873365641
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
xi-5
xi-4
xi-2
⁡
xi-1
xi+1
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = 2.59474251024641
OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
⁡
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
Product Rule of Differentiati
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
− 4 cos⁡𝑥+𝑥 〗
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
− 4 cos⁡𝑥+𝑥 〗⁡sin⁡𝑥
f (π/4)
(4)
= 0.232366482795009 εT =
OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
⁡
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
− 4 cos⁡𝑥+𝑥 〗
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
f(4)(π/4) = -3.73096318405578 εT =
OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
⁡
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
− 4 cos⁡𝑥+𝑥 〗
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
f(4)(π/4) = -2.23124477164447 εT =
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
IVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
(𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
(𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥−xsin 〗𝑥
⁡
′ (𝑥)= 〖
duct Rule of Differentiation:
𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥
(4)) (𝑥)= 〖
-2.27306675747639
ATIVE ERROR:
110.22259825985
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
⁡
′ (𝑥)= 〖
(4)) (𝑥)= 〖
-2.27306675747639
ATIVE ERROR:
-64.1378622860146
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448

)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
⁡
′ (𝑥)= 〖
(4)) (𝑥)= 〖
-2.27306675747639
ATIVE ERROR:
1.83989254580262
Method Use: HIGH ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA
LESSON 7 – NUMERICA
HIGH ACCU
(SOLUTIONS) :
Numerical Differentiation
Given the function:
Find the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and
b. Using High Accuracy Differentiation Formula

i. Forward (Accuracy = 2)
ii. . Backward (Accuracy = 2)
iii. Centered (Accuracy = 4)
FORWARD - HIGH ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION
FORMULA:
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
BACKWARD - HIGH ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION

FORMULA:
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
CENTERED - HIGH ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION
FORMULA:
i
xi-5 -5
xi-4 -4
xi-3 -3
xi-2 -2
xi-1 -1
xi 0
xi+1 1
xi+2 2
xi+3 3
xi+4 4
xi+5 5
THEREFORE,
OBLEMS
UMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND I

IGH ACCURACY DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA
Find the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th derivatives of the function wherein x = π/4 and interval h = π/12 and its true
percent relative error.
URACY DIFFERENTIATION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
f'(π/4) = 1.33140814921338 εT =
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
f'(π/4) = 1.31139003789072 εT =
FORMULA:
Estimate at
)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
x = 0.785398163397448 h =
x =
i xi f(xi)
-5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
-4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
-3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796 𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥
1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 TRUE VALUE
4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
f'(π/4) = 1.26183356956327 εT =
ION AND INTEGRATION
ON FORMULA
12 and its true

0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
xi-4
sin⁡𝑥 xi-3
t Rule of Differentiation: xi-2
/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥
xi-1
=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 cos⁡𝑥 xi
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
E ERROR:
-5.46081542330253
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
xi-4
sin⁡𝑥 xi-3
xi-1
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
E ERROR:
-3.87518118742341
0.261799387799149
0.785398163397448
xi-5
xi-4
sin⁡𝑥 xi-3
xi-1
xi+1
xi+2
1.26246714845634 xi+3
xi+4
xi+5
E ERROR:
0.0501857726634929
HE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,

⁡
f''(π/4) = 0.919211993713673
HE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,

⁡
f''(π/4) = 1.06156423766194
HE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.261799387799149 0.0677586675586004
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586004
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
⁡
f''(π/4) = 0.858662358974041
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586004
0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
0.0677586675586004
0.261799387799149
0.555360367269796
0.906899682117109 𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥−xsin 〗𝑥
⁡
1.26439394990933
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422 TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = -7.02783653300775
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586004
0.0677586675586004
0.261799387799149
0.555360367269796
0.906899682117109 𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥−xsin 〗𝑥
⁡
1.26439394990933
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422 TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = -23.6025252877197
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586004
0.0677586675586004
0.261799387799149
0.555360367269796
0.906899682117109 𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥−xsin 〗𝑥
⁡
1.26439394990933
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422 TRUE VALUE 0.858853195103299

εT = 0.0222198776632484
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
f'''(π/4) = -3.27050787830955
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
f'''(π/4) = -2.95659800062579
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x =
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
xi+3 3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
f'''(π/4) = -2.67519592841575
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586
0.0677586675586
⁡
0.261799387799149
0.555360367269796 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥
0.906899682117109
1.26439394990933 𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = -22.1852074129566
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586
0.0677586675586
⁡
0.261799387799149
0.906899682117109
1.26439394990933 𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = -10.4576271896701
0.785398163397448 h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
f(xi)
0.261799387799149
0.0677586675586
0.0677586675586
⁡
0.261799387799149
0.906899682117109
1.26439394990933 𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
1.5707963267949
1.77015152987306
1.81379936423422
TRUE VALUE -2.67668071082944

εT = 0.055471032001605
ERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
4TH DERIVATIVE OF THE
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=sin⁡𝑥+𝑥 co
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
− 3 sin
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
Product Rule of D
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
−4
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
f(4)(π/4) = -2.40879021712354 εT =
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
− 3 sin
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
Product Rule of D
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
−4
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
f (π/4)
(4)
= -3.32903148534508 εT =
FORMULA:
Estimate at
x = 0.785398163397448
i xi f(xi)
xi-5 -5 -0.5235987755983 0.261799387799149
xi-4 -4 -0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
xi-3 -3 0 0 𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥 sin⁡𝑥
xi-2 -2 0.26179938779915 0.0677586675586
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)= 〖2 cos⁡𝑥
xi-1 -1 0.523598775598299 0.261799387799149
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
− 3 sin
xi 0 0.785398163397448 0.555360367269796
Product Rule of D
xi+1 1 1.0471975511966 0.906899682117109 (𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑
xi+2 2 1.30899693899575 1.26439394990933
3 1.5707963267949 1.5707963267949 𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
−4
xi+3
xi+4 4 1.83259571459405 1.77015152987306
xi+5 5 2.0943951023932 1.81379936423422
THEREFORE,
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
f(4)(π/4) = 2507.46394163812 εT =
h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
⁡
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
TRUE VALUE -2.27306675747639

εT = -5.97094032547603
h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
⁡
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
TRUE VALUE -2.27306675747639

εT = -46.4555088140498
h = 0.261799387799149
x = 0.785398163397448
⁡
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)= 〖
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)= 〖
TRUE VALUE -2.27306675747639

εT = 110411.935775347
Method Use: Multiple-Application Trapezoidal Rule
LESSON 7 – NUMERIC
INT
MULTIPLE-APPLIC
(SOLUTIONS) :
Numerical Integration
Given the function:
a. Using Multiple Application Trap

numerical Integratio
FUNCTION :
𝑓(𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥
TABULAR PRESENTATION…
i xi f(xi)
a 0 0
a+h 0.5 0.412180317675032
a+2h 1 2.71828182845905
a+3h 1.5 10.0838004082606
a+4h 2 29.5562243957226
a+5h 2.5 76.1405872543967
b 3 180.769832308689
SOLVE FOR UNKNOWS:
SECOND DERIVATIVE OF THE

Applying Product
(𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+
Then,
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+
OBLEMS
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND

INTEGRATION
LE-APPLICATION TRAPEZOIDAL RULE
∫24_0^3▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
g Multiple Application Trapezoidal Rule with a total number of segments n = 6. Find the
numerical Integration value (I) and its true percent relative error.
INTEGRATE USING ANALYTICAL METHOD:

𝑓(𝑥)=∫24_0^3▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Using Integration by Parts:
∫1▒𝑢𝑑𝑣=𝑢𝑣 − ∫1▒ 𝑣𝑑𝑢 GIVEN VALUES:
∫1▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 =𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥−2𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥+𝑐
∫_0^3▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 = 〖[(3) 〗 ^2 𝑒^3−2(3)𝑒^3+2𝑒^3]−
〖[(0) 〗 ^2 𝑒^0−2(0)𝑒^0+2𝑒^0]
∫_0^3▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 =98.42768462
f(xi)
0
0.412180317675032
2.71828182845905
10.0838004082606
29.5562243957226
76.1405872543967
180.769832308689
E FOR UNKNOWS:
𝐼=(𝑏−𝑎) (𝑓(𝑥_0 )+2∑24_(𝑖=1)^(𝑛−1)▒ 〖

𝑓 (𝑥_𝑖 )
+𝑓(𝑥_𝑛 ) 〗 )/2𝑛
I = 104.647995179429
𝐸_𝑎=−(𝑏−𝑎)^3/(12𝑛^2 ) ¯𝑓^( ′′)

Where,
¯𝑓′′^
(𝑥)=(∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖𝑓′′ (𝑥) 〗 )/(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑑𝑥
SECOND DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION:

Applying Product Rule of Differentiation:
Integrate.....
(𝑑(𝑢𝑣))/𝑑𝑥=(𝑢(𝑑𝑣))/𝑑𝑥+(𝑣(𝑑𝑢))/𝑑𝑥 𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+4𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+2𝑥𝑒^𝑥
∫1▒ 〖𝑓 ^′′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=∫1▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥+4𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗〗
Then,
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+4𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥 ∫1▒ 〖
𝑓 ^′′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+2𝑥𝑒^𝑥+𝑐 〗
∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖𝑓 ^′′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗 =∫_0^3▒ 〖

𝑓 ^′′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=[(3)^2 𝑒^3+2(3) 𝑒^3 ]
− 〗 [(0)^2 𝑒^0+2(0) 𝑒^0 ]
∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖𝑓 ^′′ 301.283053847815

(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗 =
THEREFORE,
𝐸_𝑎=−(𝑏−𝑎)^3/(12𝑛^2 )
¯𝑓^( ′′)
Ea = -6.27673028849615
SUMMARY
a = 0
b = 180.769832308689
h = 0.5
True Value = 98.4276846159384
I = 104.647995179429
Ea = -6.27673028849615
Et = -6.22031056349093
True Error (%) = -6.31967579829027
ON AND
ULE
GIVEN VALUES:
n = 6
Where,
h = 0.5 ℎ= (𝑏−𝑎)/𝑛
TRUE VALUE
I = 98.4276846159384
𝐸_𝑡=𝑇𝑉−𝐼
Et = -6.22031056349093
TRUE ERROR (%)
"ε" _𝑡=𝐸_𝑡/𝑇𝑉×100
εt = -6.31967579829027
𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗〗 Substitute.....
¯𝑓′′^
(𝑥)=(∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖𝑓′′ (𝑥) 〗 )/(𝑏−𝑎) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥)𝑑𝑥=[(3)^2 𝑒^3+2(3) 𝑒^3 ]
Mean ¯𝑓′′^ (𝑥) = 100.427684615938
Method Use: SIMPSON'S RULE
LESSON 7 – NUMERIC
INT
SIM
(SOLUTIONS) :
Numerical Integration
Given the function:
b. Using Simpson’s Rule with a tota

value (I)
FUNCTION :
i xi f(xi)
a 0 0
a+h 0.5 0.412180317675032
a+2h 1 2.71828182845905
a+3h 1.5 10.0838004082606
a+4h 2 29.5562243957226
a+5h 2.5 76.1405872543967
b 3 180.769832308689
SOLVE FOR UNKNOWS:
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 1/3

𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:

𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
Solve for MEAN…..

THEREFORE,
OBLEMS
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND

INTEGRATION
SIMPSON'S RULE
∫_0^3▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Simpson’s Rule with a total number of segments n = 5. Find the numerical Integration
value (I) and its true percent relative error
INTEGRATE USING ANALYTICAL METHOD:

𝑓(𝑥)=∫_0^3▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Using Integration by Parts:
∫1▒𝑢𝑑𝑣=𝑢𝑣 − ∫1▒𝑣𝑑𝑢 GIVEN VALUES:
∫1▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 =𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥−2𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥+𝑐
∫_0^3▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 = 〖[(3) 〗 ^2 𝑒^3−2(3)𝑒^3+2𝑒^3]− 〖[(0) 〗
^2 𝑒^0−2(0)𝑒^0+2𝑒^0]
∫_0^3▒ 〖𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗 =98.42768462
f(xi)
0
0.412180317675032
2.71828182845905
10.0838004082606
29.5562243957226
76.1405872543967
180.769832308689
E FOR UNKNOWS:
𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 1/3 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 3/8

𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
I = 0.727833849859862 I = 95.2395126876202
Hence…..
I (TOTAL) = 95.96734653748
𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 1/3 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 3/8

𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
Solve for MEAN…..
FOURTH DERIVATIVE OF THE FUNCTION:

Applying Product Rule of Differentiation:
Integrate.....
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+8𝑥𝑒^𝑥+12𝑒^𝑥
𝑓^′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+2𝑥𝑒^𝑥
∫1▒ 〖
𝑓 ^((4)) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=∫1▒ 〖
𝑥 ^2 𝑒^𝑥+8𝑥𝑒^𝑥+12𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗〗
𝑓^′′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+4𝑥𝑒^𝑥+2𝑒^𝑥
∫1▒ 〖𝑓 ^((4)) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+6𝑥𝑒^𝑥+6𝑒^𝑥+𝑐 〗
𝑓^′′′ (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+6𝑥𝑒^𝑥+6𝑒^𝑥
∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖 𝑓 ^((4)) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗 =∫_0^3▒ 〖
𝑓 ^((4)) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=[(3)^2 𝑒^
Then, 𝑒^0+6(0) 𝑒^0+6𝑒^0 ]
𝑓^((4)) (𝑥)=𝑥^2 𝑒^𝑥+8𝑥𝑒^𝑥+12𝑒^𝑥
∫_0^3▒ 〖
𝑓 ^((4))
(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗 =
THEREFORE,

𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
Ea = -0.07602114797051
AVERAGE:
AVERAGE Ea =
SUMMARY
a =
b =
h =
True Value =
I =
Ea =
Et =
True Error (%) =
ION AND
GIVEN VALUES:
n = 6
Where,
h = 0.5 ℎ= (𝑏−𝑎)/𝑛
TRUE VALUE
I = 98.4276846159384
𝐸_𝑡=𝑇𝑉−𝐼
95.2395126876202 Et = 2.46033807845832
TRUE ERROR (%)

"ε" _𝑡=𝐸_𝑡/𝑇𝑉×100
εt = 2.4996403075603
𝑚𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛^′ 𝑠 3/8
𝑥 Substitute.....
𝑒^𝑥+8𝑥𝑒^𝑥+12𝑒^𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗〗〖 ¯𝑓^((4)) 〗 ^
𝑒^𝑥+6𝑒^𝑥+𝑐 〗 (𝑥)=(∫_𝑎^𝑏▒ 〖𝑓 ^((4))
3▒ 〖𝑓 ^((4)) (𝑥)𝑑𝑥=[(3)^2 𝑒^3+6(3) 𝑒^3+6𝑒^3 ]− 〗 [(0)^2
(𝑥) 〗 )/(𝑏−𝑎)
Mean
〖¯𝑓^((4) )𝑑𝑥
〗 ^ 218.940906155064
(𝑥) =
〖
𝑓 ^((4)) 656.822718465193
=
𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒:
Ea = -0.25657137440047
-0.166296261185487
0
3
0.5
98.4276846159384
95.96734653748
-0.166296261185487
2.46033807845832
2.4996403075603
^
^((4))
218.940906155064

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Book1 1

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Name: CATAMPONGAN, JOSHUA G.

Course and Section: BSCE-3C

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (INCREMENTAL SEARCH METHOD)

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:

Subtitute the values:

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:

Subtitute the values:

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:

Subtitute the values:

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|:

Subtitute the values:

places near True Value)

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|

Subtitute the values:

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|

Subtitute the values:

SOLVE FOR VALIDITY |εa|≤|εs|

Subtitute the values:

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (BISECTION METHOD)

ITERATION XL XU f(xl) f(xu)

ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

f(xu) xr f(xl)*f(xr) f(xr) New Interval

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (FALSE POSITION METHOD_REGULA-FALSI MET

ITERATION XL XU f(xl) f(xu)

ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

f(xu) xr f(xl)*f(xr) f(xr) New Interval

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (FIXED POINT METHOD)

"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

u develop a solution that converges on the root.)

" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD)

"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

"𝒇'(𝒙) = " 𝟐𝟎𝒙^𝟑 " + " 𝟔𝒙^𝟐 " − " 𝟐𝟒"x

ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓

+ " 𝟔𝒙^𝟐 " − " 𝟐𝟒"x + 20"

f'(x) xi+1 Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD (SECANT METHOD)

"𝒇(𝒙) = " 𝟓𝒙^𝟒 " + " 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐

ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS

" 𝟐𝒙^𝟑 " − " 𝟏𝟐𝒙^𝟐 " + 20x − " 𝟓

f(x-1) xi+1 Approximate Error(%) True Error(%)

Method Use: CLOSED METHOD ( POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION)

Given the following data set:

HENCE, THE GENERAL EQUATION IS…

b. Error Analysis: Calculate the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, vari

¯𝑥= (∑▒ 𝑥_𝑖 )/𝑛

STANDARD ERROR OF THE ESTIMATE

URVE FITTING AND INTERPOLATION

late the new values of the dependent variable.

xi2 xi3 xi4 xi5 xi6 xi7

Σxi = 15 Σxi2 = 55 Σxi3 =

¯𝑦= (∑▒𝑦_𝑖 )/𝑛

𝐶.𝑉.= 𝑆_𝑌/¯𝑦×100% 𝐶.𝑉. = 88.1539839119327

xi7 xi8 xiyi xi2yi xi3yi xi4yi

225 Σxi4 = 979 Σyi = 152.6

0.996031746031693 -1.81878306878237 1.0763888888881

) ×{𝐵} ELIMINATIONS OF UNKNOWNS

-0.25462962962943 0.020833333333311 a0 2.21507936459651

Method Use: MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION

Given the following data set:

HENCE, THE GENERAL EQUATION IS…