Atomic Structure TOPIC 1 Preliminary Models 01 Which of the following is never true for cathode rays? [CBSE AIPMT 1994) (2) They possess kinetic energy (0) They are electromagnetic waves (c) They produce heat {d) They produce mechanical pressure Ans. (b) Cathode rays are not electromagnetic wave because they do not have electric ‘and magnetic components perpendicular to each other. TOPIC 2 Bohr's Model and Hydrogen Spectrum 02 The energies E, andE, of two radiations are 25 eV and 60 eV respectively. The relation between their wavelengths, ie. Ay and 22 will be [CBSE AIPMT 2011] {a)ay=2%y (D)a)=4% (oi=phe (d)Aj= 2 ‘Ans. (a) £,=26eV, E, =800V if eye tBana = Eke '. 8 eee 50° ay or Ay=2Az 03 The energy absorbed by each molecule (A ,)of a substance Is 4.410" Jand bond energy per molecule is 4.0.x 10° J. The kinetic energy of the molecule per stom willbe [CBSE AIPMT 2009) (a)2.0x10-% J (b) 2.210% J ()2.0x10-% 4 — (d) 4.010 Ane. (a) Kinetic energy KE) of molecule = energy absorbed by molecule bond energy per molecule =(44x 102%) (40x 10") 04x10" J KE per atom 204210 =20x10% J 4 The energy of second Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom is -328 kJ mol, hence the energy of fourth Bohr orbit would be [CBSE AIPMT 2005] (a)-41 ks molt (b)-1312 kd mol" (c)-164 kd mot (6)-82ks mot" Ans. (d) The energy of second Bohr orbit of, hydrogen atom(E,)is ~328kd mot ‘312, E, =e bd mol! 5 The frequency of radiation emitted when the electron falls fromn=4 to n=lina hydrogen atom will be (Given ionisation energy of .18 x10" J atom” and 625% 10° Js) [oBse Apert 2004 (py.03% 10% s* (¢)2.00% 10% s* (an.4x 10% st (c)3.08% 10" 6 Ane. (2 Jonisation energy of H #218107" Jatom™ «2 Ey( Energy of Ist orbit of H-atom) 18x10 Jaton =2.1810" ator! De Zetfort-atom ane, =2.18« 10 -2.18x 10" @ ¥ aft --2mw{2-2] wt se 2—210x10- x8 i = 42.0437 x 10" Jatom™ vate = 2043710" Jatom? 8825x10™ Js '=3:084x 10" s"" atom 16 inhydrogen atom, energy of first excited state is -3.4 eV. Then, KE of same orbit of hydrogen atom is [CBSE AIPMT 2002] (b)+6.8 ev (0)+13.6ev (a)+3.4ev (c)- 13.6 eV Ans. (a)*s Total energy(E,) =KE + PE Intiest excited state= mi? ies 2 7 Aev 07 Who modified Bohr’s theory by introducing elliptical orbits for electron path? {CBSE AIPMT 1999), (a)Hund {b) Thomson (c)Ruthertord _(d)Sommerfeld ‘Ans. (4) ‘Sommerfeld modified Bohrs theory. ‘According to him electrons move in elliptical orbits in adaition to circular orbits. {GB Bohr radius for the hydrogen atom (n=Dis approximately 0.530A. The radius for the first excited state {n=2)is(inA) (case apm 1998) (2)013 (B).08 (c)4.77 (02.12 Ans. (8) reePIZ where, n= number of orbit ‘atomic number fp=0.530x4 02.120 4 {09 The radius of hydrogen atom in the ground state is 0.53 A. The radius of Li** ion (at. no. = 3)in a similar state is [case AIPM 1995] (a)0.174 (b)0.53A (c)0.2664 (a)1.06A Ans. (a) We know that (tite) ‘a falH-atom) 1? Z Forgroundstate.n=1 ce y(t Pty OSBAxtP 3 0.78 (iz: 70 When an electron of charge e and mass m moves with a velocity V ‘about the nuclear charge Ze circular orbit of radius r, the potential energy of the electrons is [ease AjpuaT 1994) aiven by ‘ ae 22 ww Pa 7 Ane. (0) Potential energy = work done Tense, Ze Joe 71 It ionisation potential for hydrogen ‘atom is 13.6 eV, then ionisation potential for He* will be [CBSE AIPMT 1995] (2)54.4eV (b)6.8eV (c)13.60V (a)24.5eV Ans. (2) For hydrogen atom Z=1 . 2emet 4+ lonisation energy Ey = ForHe" ion,(He" = 1s") soe" =H) ionisation ner, 1 emez ‘e iP EaivEati we get Ege =Eu XZ #186 x H= SHV i) 72 The energy of an electron in the nth Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom is [CBSE AIPMT 1992] Ans. (0 Energy ofan electroninan orbit amime'Z _1nez? —,=~ kJ mot! ai @ mor 28x10? 2 £, =: ‘ergatom™ Wg es zex10-% 2 6, = BX 2 atom? eV atom = latomic number for hydrogen atom) 43 Which of the following statements do not form a part of Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom? [CBSE AIPMT 1989] (a) Energy of the electrons in ne orbits are quantised 0) The electron in the orbit nearest the pucieus has the lowest energy {c} Electrons revoWve in diferent orbits around the nucleus The position and velocity of lectrons in the orbit cannot be determined simultaneously ana. ( ai postulates of Bohr model ot nants sa ectonsinan stom e.0Ne Teen raceusonyincern oun alr pts caed OS. (o ethergynemittedor absoted rn satpe electrons jmp ror oy egy overt another ia ep areae ort are prmitedin On noe ule momentum fe wn iol umber mute or ear nisPaneconean eer cts trates vec tre momentum of 29 Mcrons quociaed (@) Ta It ris the radius of the first orbit, the radius of nth orbit of H-atom is given by [case AIPMT 1988) (a)ra? (orn te (area? fi Ans. (a) Radius of an orbit, Forteaom, i nar (according to question =F) s ye St ae? 15 The spectrum of helium is expected to be similar to that of [cBsE lpm 1988) (aH (Na (out (Het Ans. (c) ‘he spectrum of an atom depends on the number of electrons present init. Here, helium has two electrons. so the spectrum of Li*(Z=3)is similar to that of helium because both He andLi* have two electrons.TOPICS Wave Particle and Quality of Matter 16 A particular station of All India Radio, New Delhi, broadcasts ona frequency of 1,368 kHz kllohertz}. The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transmitter is ' [Speed of light, c= 3.0 x 105 ms“) INEET 2021] (0)218.2m (0)21.92¢m (a)219.3m, (c)2192m Ans. (a) Frequency of electromagnetic radiation ve 1368KHz 21368 105 5" Speed of light, c 3x10" ms" Wavelength of electromagnetic, radiation, 4=-& v me ge 3x10" ms 1368% 105 & =219.3m 17 In hydrogen atom, the de-Broglie ‘wavelength of an electron in the second Bohr orbit is [Given that, Bohr radius, 9 =529pm] [NEET (Odisha) 2019} (a) 21.6pm = (b)211.6 x pm (c) §29xpm —(d)105.8pm ‘Ans. (b) According to Bohr, mr ah 2m are OO rk iw where, r=radius, ‘A=wavelength n= number of orbit 78 Which one is the wrong statement? (Neer 2071 (2) de-Brogl's wavelengths gven by aeenere smamess ofthe partici, {= 9r0up velocity ofthe particle Theuncertaaty principles AE xAtZh/4e Hatfited and ful fled orbitals have greater stability duato greater ‘exchange energy. greater symmetry ‘and more balanced arrangement ‘The energy of22-orbita isles than the energy of 2-orbitalin case of ‘hydrogen ike atoms Ans. (¢) (2) According to de-Brogi's equation, Wavelength (A) = iw (o) tc (a) where, h=Ptanck’s constant. Thus, statement(a)is correct. (0) According to Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the uncertainties of pposition(ax)and momentum mAviare related as . " vy, Avape yo Meare ax.mave am a dx.mao.at2 ox iF = 0,0 acceleration! ar or, aerate 2 (oF emo] on ae-ate om [AE =F Ax E= energy) Thus, statement(b)is correct. (c) The hatf and fully filled orbitals have greater stability due to greater exchange energy, greater symmetry ‘and more balanced arrangement. ‘Thus statement (cis corre (4) Forasingle electronic species ike H, Also, rath energy depends on value of nand does not depend oni. Hence energy where, a = Bohr radius = 529pm * of2s-orbital. and2porbitalis equa in stomic number On substituting the value of from Eq. (ito Eq. (i, we get vn? ante Ne2ex2x529 pn=2Z=1) =2116xpm ccase of hydragen like species. Therefore, statement|d)is incorrect. ¥9 How many electrons can fit in the orbital for which n=3and I=? INEET (Phase tl) 2016} (a) 2 (o) 6 (c) 10 (a) 4 Ans. (a) ‘maximum mmodate sof ona) ‘According to Hunds rule of multiplicity, An orbital can acco! ‘a maximurn number of Zelectron exactly opposite spin. Hence, opt is correct. Caution Remember, maximum number fof electrons in an orbital donot depend ‘upon the quantum numbers as given in the question. 20 The number of d-electrons in Fe?*(Z=26)is not equal to the umber of electrons in which one of the following? (case alpMT 2015) (6) s-oectrons inMg(Z=12) {b)p-electrons incliZ="7) (c)d-electronsinFe(Z =26) (d)p-electrons inNe(Z= 10) Ans. (0) Electronic configuration of Fe"* is Tarl3a° 4°, Number of electron: ‘Mg 15?25?2p83? (Bs electrons) Itmatches with the6d electrons of Fe** Ci-18?2?2p°3s?3p* (Nipelectrons) Itdoes not match with the6d electrons ofFe*. Fe-[ArlSd*%4s” (6d electrons) Itmatches with thegd electrons of Fe. Ne ~ 1s?2s?2p* (6pelectrons) it matches with the 6d electrons of Fe"*. Hence, Chas Tipelectrons which does ‘not matches in eumber withéd electrons ofFe*. 21 The angular momentum of electrons ind orbital is equal to (CBSE AIPMT 2015) falvBh (b)yZh_ (cl2V3h (a)Oh Ans. (a) Angular momentum of electron in crarbitalis SVT S stord-orbitalt=2 an =8eri (:m=4) 2m, heh 22 Calculate the energy in joule corresponding to light of wavelength 45 nm (Piancks constant, h=6.63x10" Js; speed of light, c=3x10® ms"), {CBSE AIPMT 2014) (b)6.67x10" (04.4210 {a)6.67x10" (c)4.42 x10Ane. (d) ‘The wavelength of light Is related to its ‘energy by the equation, E = °.(E mhv) » Given, A=45nm=45x 10% m (21am = 10m) 48% 10% m 4.4210" J Hence, the energy corresponds ta light (of wavelength 45 nm is4.42x 10% J. Hence, E=' 23 The value of Planck constant is 6.83x 10™ Js, The speed of light is 3. 10" mms”. Which value is closest to the wavelength in nanometer of a quantum of light. with frequency of 8x 10% s!? [NEET 2013] (b)25 (a)10 (075 (c)50 Ans. (o) Given, Piancks constant, = 6.63% 10 Js Speed of ight, 3% 10" ams Frequency of quantam light ve6x 10% =" Wavelength, 2=? We know that, v= ordeal 23x10" 6x10" =05x 10? nm=60nm 24 The measurement of the electron Position Is associated with an uncertainty in momentum, which is equal to1x10"" gcms™'. The uncertainty in electron velocit (mass of an electron is 9x 10-* g) [CBSE AIPMT 2008) fa)1x10%cems (b)1x10% cms" (c'x10% ems {ahixi0"cms* Ans. (a) Given, Ap=1x 10" gem "(uncertainty famomentum) Mass =9x 10-9 ‘Ap=mav 29x10 xav (uncertainty in velocity) Avex 10% cms" vat 25 it uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then uncertainty in velocity is. [CBSE AIPMT 2008] nf am\R hh (oe Ane. (a) im aft ‘According to Helsenberg's uncertainty principle hb scape ven, Axe Ap (&x= uncertainty In postion) (ap=mxav) b .ff Beato ave rs ‘ImVx (aveuncertaintyin velocity) 26 Given, the mass of electron is 11x10" kg Planck’s constant is 6.62610 Js, the uncertainty Involved in the measurement of velocity within a distance of 0.1 A is [cee AIPMT 2006) (0)5.79%108 ms" (b)5.79x 10" ms” (c)5.79x 10° ms" (d)6.78% 10° ms Ans. (2) By Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle axxap2® or axx aly )2 2 ax in h Axx dye an) ‘Ap=uncerteinty in momentum ‘Ax= uncertainty in postion ‘v= uncertainty in velocity ‘me mass of particle Given that, Axe 0.1A=0.1x 10 m m=anx 07g he Plancks constant =8628x 10 Je 23M Thus, v0.14 10-8 852610 x 3.14 8.1110 626 10% SF suse iewtoiswe) x 3.14% 9.11x 10 x O.1x 10 =5.785x 10° =5.79x 10° ms 37 The velue of Plancks constant is 6.6310 Js. The velocity of light ig3.0x10® ms~. Which value is closest to the wavelength in nanometers of 8 quantum of light with frequency of 8x10" s-"? [CBSE AIPMT 2007, {a)4x10! (b)3%10" (cl2x10° (g)5 10" Ana. (2) yao 23x10 ms? Frequency 9 ax 10% 5 =0.375x107 m 23.75x 10! nme 4x 10" nm 2B The energy of photons givenas: Aelatom= 3.03x 10" J atom", then the wavelength (A) of the photon is [CBSE AIPMT 2000) {(Given,h(Planck’s constant) =6.63x10~ Js, c(velocity of light) 33.00 10° ms") {a)6.560m (b) 65.6 nm (c)656. am (4) 0.656 nm Ans. (0) hefyae formu, E=" (y= £ ‘° x4) x 883x 10 x30 10" 303% 10 =6.56%107 m =6.56x107 x 10° am 6.56 10? nm =656nm 28 The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle 100 mv (2)6.63x10%m, (c)6.63%10°% m ith mass 1g and velocity {CBSE AIPMT 1999] (b)6.63>10% m (d)6.65 x10 m Ans. (a) (p= 853 x10 kgis joe 88310 kg ni? I. 107k x 100m/s =853% 10m30 The uncertainty in momentum of ‘an electron is 1x 10°° kg m/s. The uncertainty in its position will be (Given, h=6.62x 10 kg m?/s) [CBSE AIPMT 1999] {0)L05%10%m (011.05 x10" m (0)6.27x10°% m (d)5.25 x10 m Ans. (0) ‘According to Helsenbergsuncertainty principle Apxaxzt ix Uncertainty in momentum p= 1x10 kgmis 6.6210 axe : 7 x 8.52210 7 VIO eax + =5.285 10m #8.27x10%m 110 x Axe: (Given) a 31 The position of both, an electron and a helium atom is known within 1.0 mm. Further the momentum of the electron is known within 5.0 10° kg ms". The minimum uncertainty in the measurement of the momentum of the helium atom s [CBSE AIPMT 1998) {a}50 kgms* {b}80 kg ms (c)80% 10° kg ms" (d)5.0 10° kg ms Ans. (d) ‘By Heisenberg uncertainty principle fh axxape when the pasition of electron and helium atomis same and momentum of electron is known within a rang therefore the momentum of helium atomis also equal tothe momentum of electron, ie. 8x10 kgms* ‘32 The momentum of a particle having a de-Broglie wavelength of 10" m is [CBSE AIPMT 1996) (Given, h=6.625x 10-* m) (a)3.3125% 107” kgms* (b)26.5x 107 kgms™ (c)6.625% 10" kgms* (0)13.25x 107" kgs“ Ans. According to de-Brogie relation, h where, ewavelength he Planck's constant p= momentum h=6.625% 10" Js d= 10-7 m o pol n8252 10° x 0 1=6.625% 10 x10” =6.625x 10-7 gms" ‘33 Uncertainty in position of an electron (mass of an electron is =9.1x 10° g)moving with a velocity of 3x10* cm/s increase the kinetic energy of ejected electron. 35 The electron was shown ‘experimentally to have wave properties by [CBSE AIPMT 1994] (a)de-Brogiie (0)N Bohr (c)Davisson and Germer (a)Schrédinger Ans. (c) ‘The wave nature of an electrons proved by Davisson and Germer experiment. In this experiment the scattering pattern of ‘an electron is similar to that of X-rays. TOPIC 4 Quantum Mechanical, accurate upto 0.001% wilbe(us® Model and Electronic qi uncertainty expression where Configuration h=6.626x 10” ergs) {CBSE AIPMT 1995) {a)1.93.em_ (b)3.84m (c)5.76.cm_ (d)7.68. cm Ans. (2) ‘According to Heisenberg's uncertainty Principle xxave oRm Here, Ax= uncertainty in position ‘Av= uncertainty in velocity h=Plancks constant (6.626% 10°77Js) m=messotelectron (9.1% 10" kg) Here, Av=0001%0f3% 10° 9.001 3x 10 =0.3¢m/s 100 h Gamay 8.826% 107” GH 3.14x 9.110 OS Axe. =193em 34 Inthe photoelectron emission, the energy of the emitted electron is {CBSE AIPMT 1994] {a) greater than the incident photon {(b) same as that ofthe incident photon {c) smaller than the incident photon (8) proportional to the intensity of incident photon Ans. (c) Inthe photoelectric effect, the eneray of the emitted electron is smaller than that of the incident photon because some energy of photon is used to eject the electron and remaining energy is used to ‘36 The number of angular nodes and radial nodes in 3s orbital ar [NEET (Oct) 2020] (a)0.and2, respectively (b)1 and 0, respectivaly (c)3.and 0, respectively ()0.and1, respectively ‘Ans. (a) For3s-orbital,n=3.1=0 Number of radial nodes =(n-1-0=3-0-1=2 Number of angular nodes =1=0. Hence, option(a)is correct. ‘37 4d, Sp 5f and 6p-orbitals are ‘arranged in the order of decreasing energy. The correct option is INET (National) 20101, {al6p>St>Sp>4d (v)Sp>5f>4d>5p (cl5f>6p>4d>5p . (a\6f>6p>5p>4d Ans. (d) ‘The order of energy of orbitals con be calculated from(n+ I)rule. The lower the value of {n+ i)for an orbital tower isits ‘energy. If two orbitals have same (n+!) value, the orbital with lower value of n has the lower energy. () Gp=6+1=7 (i) F=5+3=8 (ii) 4=4+2=6 (i) Sp=5+1=8 «The order of decreasing energy willbe 8f>8p> Bp>éd.‘3 Orbital having 3 angular nodes and S total nodes is{WEET (Odisha) 2019] (25p (03d (lat (aed Ans. () Angular node tt) =3 Total node «radial node + angular node orbital) 39 Which one is a wrong statement? [NEET 2018] {a) The electronic configuration of Ne-atornis, te? net 21 BE Ho i) {b) An orbitals designated by three quantum numbers while an electron inan atomis designated by four auantum numbers (6) Tota ortita angular momentum of slectronin’sorbitlisequalto zero (6) The value of mtordyy Is z2r0 ‘Ane. (2) “according to Hund’ rule‘the pairing of electrons in the c-bitas of a prticular Subshel does nc_akes pace untial the bits of a subshellae singly occupied. Moreover, the singly orbitals must have the electrons wth parallel spin 2. iz zl al oh 0 @ oon Gi e ; fo do frit + Option(a)is the incorrect option. x 0 Two electrons occupying the same orbital are distinguished by INEET (Phase 1) 2016] {2)Magnetic quantum number (b)Azimuthal quantum number (6)Spin quantum number (0) Principal quantum number Ans. (<) ‘Two electrons occupying the same orbital nas equal spin but the airections of their spin are opposite. Hence, spin quantum number, s. (represented +1/2 and i/2}distinguishes ther. ‘A Which is the correct order of ° increasing energy of the listed orbitals in the atom of titanium? [CBSE AIPMT 2015] (b)4s 3s 3p 30 (a)3s 4s 3p 30 (d)383p 4830 (c)3s3p 3048 Ans. (0) ‘According to Aufbau rule Bsc Spe Bc hs 42 what is the maximum numbers of electrons that can be associated with the following set of quantum numbers? 1 n=3,!=landm=-1 [WEET 2015) (a)10 (06 (ca + 2 Ans. (@) The orbit cron having n=3, 21 and m: 59, (a8 nl, )and an ‘orbital can have amaximum number of ‘wo electrons with opposite spins. .. 3p, orbital contains only two electrons tr only? electrons are associated with n=3,l=Uma-1 3 Maximum number of electrons ina subshell with !=3and n=4is [CBSE AIPMT 2012] (0 (a)12 fone Ans. (a) represents the main energy level and {represents the subshell. Ifn=4and/ =3, the subshellis 4. Inf-subshell, there are 7 orbitals and each orbital can accommodate a maximum number of two electrons, 50 ‘maximum number of electrons in subshell=7x2=14. 44 The correct set of four quantum. ‘numbers for the valence electron of rubidium atom (at. no. =37)is {CBSE AIPMT 2012] 1 (b)6, 0,042 to) B+5 1 (d)5. 1.0.4 (a5. 10.45 (ong 1 (ashe 1 (615.0,0,45 Ans. (¢) p= [kr]5s" Its valence electronis 5s'. nS m=0 (Asm: 0 (Fors-orbital) @ it n=6 the correct sequence for filling of electrons will be [CBSE AIPMT {o)ns —+ (nd —> 0-2 —o np (b)ns —+ (9-2)! —9 9p —+ n= (ens —srp—> (9-D—-2)1 (ains —> (0-2) —9(n—Dd—onp Ans. (¢) 6094-9 dv Bpforn=6 6 Which of the following is not permissible arrangement of electrons in an atom? [CBSE AIPMT 2005) {en= 4) =0,m=0,8 =-V2 (b)n=5,1=3,m=0.s =+1/2 (cin=3.)=2,m=-3,8 =-V2 (n= 3) =2,m=-2,8 =-V2 Ans. () > Itn=3, f= 0to(S—D=0,12 ma-ltosl=-2~-UO+ 142 seal G 2 q ‘Therefore, option(c}is not a permissible set of quantum numbers. ‘Maximum number of electrons in a subshell of an atom is determined by the following [CBSE AIPMT 2009} (aai+2 (b)2t+1 (chal-2 (a)2n? Ans. (2) Total number of subshelle =(2! + 0 «. Maximum number of electrons in the subshell =2(21+ 1) 48 Consider the following sets of quantum numbers. ot ms ee Ct ns w 4 SR wt Oo we m3 2 3 we Which of the following sets of quantum number is not possible? [CBSE AIPMT 2007] ad(ii (idandtiv) —(oMihCiLCiidandtiv) (ec), (ivyand(v) (d)(i)ana (iil)Ana.) ‘The value of Ivaries from Oto(n— Wand the value of mvaties from~!to+ | {through zero, Thevalueat’s's which signifies the sctron. The correct sets of number are folowing ipa 2 wr oo -1 2 M3 22 4 49 The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by [CBSE AlpmT 2006) (2)azimuthal quantum number (b)spin quantum number {c)magnetic quanturn number (d)principal quantum number Ans. (c) Tre orientation of an atomic orbitals governed by magnetic quanturn number. 50 The following quantum numbers are possible for how many orbitals) =2andm=+2? [CBSE AIPMT 2001) fall (b)2 (o)3 (aa Ans. (a) na3l=2,m=4+2s=4 12 ‘These values of quantum numbers are possible for only one of the five Sd-orbitals as +2 value of mis possible ‘only for one orbital m= 42 +1 0 -1 2 51 Which of the following configuration is correct for iron? [CBSE AIPMT 1999] (alts?,25*2p®, 35° p°3d° (b)is?,25?2p*, 35°3p*, 4s", 30° (chts?,2s*2p°, 3575p*, 457,30” {a)is?, 2s? 2%, 35° Sp* 30°, 4s Ans. (d) Firstly the electrons ave increasing orser of evergy and then fearrange the substlis muncreasing orders af = 15°, 25°2p".355p°30" 4 inegin 52 The electronic configuration of gadolinium. no. = 64)is Teese AIPMT 1997] (or{xe)4t8 50°. 6s! . (bixe} P50! 6s? (cilxe)4t® Sef 6st (a)txel4rsa®.6s? Ans. (b) 66 = 18%, 25%2p8, 3523phae®, stad 41”, 5°50", 6s? =[xXe) 447.5065? ‘53 The orbitals are called degenerate when [CBSE AIPMT 1996] (a) they have the same wave functions {b) they have the same wave functions but different energies (c) they have different wave functions but same energy (a) they nave the same energy Ans. (d) ‘The orbitals having the same eneray ‘energy but different in orientation, are called degenerate orbitals.e.9.Sd-orbital, I=2m=-2-1.0, 41,4240, thereare five ifferent orientations represented byd,y. pba D,2_y2 80,2. 54 ‘fan electron has spin quantum umber + and magnetic quantum ‘umber -|, it cannot be present in [CBSE AIPMT 1994) (a)d-orbital (p)f-orbital (clp-orbital (d)s-orbital Ans. (d) Spatia! orientation ofthe orbital with respect to standard set of cordins axis. Magnetic quantum number -1is, possible only when the azimuthal ‘quantum number have value! = t which is possible for p, dand f-subshells but ‘not for s-subshell because the value of f for s-subshellis zero 55 For which one of the following sets of four quantum numbers, an electron will have the highest energy? [CBSE AIPMT 1994} nim 8 (a3 207 2 (bla 2-1 2 (4 1 0 a (5 0 0 -> 56 Electronic configur Ans. (b) Forn=3,!=2the subshel isS0(0+ 1 = =A |=2the subshellistdin+!=6) n= f= tthe subshellisapin+ = 5) ‘n=5.1 =0,the subshellis 5sin+!=5) ‘According to(n+i}rule greater the(n +!) ‘value, greater the energy that is 6. n of calcium atom can be written as [CBSE AIPMT 1992] (altNel4p? (bi Ar] 4s (c){Ne]4s* (o)tKe) 4p Ans. (b) To write the electronic con.quration of ‘an atom, its better if we re ember the ‘atomic number of noble gr es andthe orbitals follow the noble ge. The atomic umber of Cais 20 andits ne” 2st noble ‘gasis argon(Ar= 18). Hence, theelectronic configuration of Cam [ar 4s?. 6&7 The electronic configuration of Cu(at.no.=29)is [CBSE AIPMT 1997] {(a)is?, 25? 2p8, 3s? 3p8.4s?, 34° (b)ls2,25? 2p8, 38? Sp? 30,48" (c)is?,25?2p8, 3s? 3p, 45? 4p*, 5s°5p! (a)1s?,2s? 2p%, 3s? 3p, 4s? 4p°, 30° Ans. (6) The electronic configuration of Cu(29}is, ‘an exceptional case due to exchange of ‘enargy and symmetrical distribution of = electrons in orbital to acquire more stability oues= [0] [i] GATTO) G0 a a a 3 sa ra = 1s?, 25? 2p8, 33? 3p 3404s! 58 The order of filing of electrons in the orbitals of an atom will be [CBSE AIPMT 1991) (2)30.48,4p.40,5s (blds,30,47.55,40 {c)5s.4p, 3040.55 (0)30.4p,48.4.55 Ans. (b) The sequence of energy level can be remembered by the systematic diagram as shown below(e)Hunds rule (0) Aufbau principle (c)Uncertainty principle (¢)Pauits exclusion principle Ane. (d) 2 According, to Paul's exclusion principle “no two electrons in an atom can have the same values of all the four quantum numbers.” ints? for lelectron n= Li =0.m=0.5 =: ; forttelectronn=1 1x0m=0,8=-2 Hence, the correct order is : 16,28,203s,3p.4s,30.4n 55,40, 504, 54.6 78. Itmeans ifthe values of n,, and mare same, then the value of spin quantum number must be diferent, 2. +U2 and 59 For azimuthal quantum number a 1=3,the maximum number of 61 The total number of electrons that electrons will be (CBSE AIPMT 1991) can be accommodated in all the (a2 (b)6 (c)0 (a)14 or Is having principal quantum Ane. (d) : number 2 and azimuthal quantum ‘When azimuthal quantum number is 3 number lare [CBSE AIPMT 1990] m=(i+0 (a)2 (b)4 1-3 (06 (as matx3+0 Ans. (¢) elon) When n=2and! = tthen subshellis 2p. ‘The number of orbitals in p-subshell $0214 V=2x1+ 0 =3 Total( maximum) number of electrons =2x number of orbitals =2x3=6 (as each orbital contains 2 electrons) then total values of m=(2x3+ D=7 orbitals. We know that, one orbital contains two electrons. Hence, total Total number of electrons =4! +2 2434201242 Vaelectrons 60 Ina given atom no two electrons can have the same values of all the four quantum numbers. This is called [CBSE AIPMT 1991] 62 The maximum number of electrons in a subshell is given by the expression [CBSE AIPMT 1989] (arai—2 (og? (ch2i+2 (o)2n? ‘Ans. (b) The numberof orbitals In@ subshell a+) where,t = azimuthal quantum number Since, each orbital contains maximum two electrons, the numberof electrons inany subshel ‘=2 xnumber of orbitals 2+ ahl+2 &3 Number of unpaired electrons in N?* is/are [CBSE AIPMT 1989] (a2 (b)0 (oi (as Ans. (0) ‘The electronic configuration of ~w=[4)} G4] 14 fate asl 2p ao -f9) fi) Of Hence, the number of unpaired electron inh is 1. 64 The number of spherical nodes in Sp-orbital is/are [CBSE AIPMT 1988] (lone (o)three (c)two (d)None of the above Ans. (2) The number of spherical nodes in any orbital(=n—1— For3p-orbital, n=Sand! =1 ++ Number of spherical nodes = n= =3-1-1 3-2=1 node