Year 9 Maths Name: ____________________

Term 3 Week 7

PROBABILITY (PART III) Example 1

Two-step Experiments With and Without Replacement Two coins are tossed.

When an experiment consists of two steps, such as rolling two dice or selecting two (a) Draw a table to list the sample space
people from a group, we can use a table to systematically list the sample space. (b) Find the probability of obtaining (H, T)
(c) Find P(1 head).
When listing outcomes, it is important to be consistent with the order for each
outcome. For example: the outcome (heads, tails) is different from the outcome
(tails, heads).

Some experiments are conducted without replacement, which means some

outcomes that may be possible with replacement are not possible.

In the following example, two letters are chosen from the word CAT:

Practice Question 1

Two letters are chosen from the word BILL with replacement.

(a) Draw a table to list the sample space

(b) Find the probability of obtaining (I, L)
(c) Find P(1 L was chosen)

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Example 2 Tree Diagrams

Two letters are chosen from the word TREE without replacement.
(a) List the outcomes in a table
(b) Find the probability that the two letters chosen are both E
(c) Find the probability that at least one of the letters is an E
When experiments involve two or more steps, a tree diagram can be used to list
the sample space. While tables are often used for two-step experiments, a tree
diagram can be extended for experiments with any number of steps.
The outcomes for each stage of the experiment are listed vertically and each stage
is connected with branches.

For example:

Practice Question 2

Two letters are chosen from the word DOG without replacement

(a) Complete the given table

(b) Find the probability of obtaining (G, D) outcome
(c) Find the probability of obtaining an outcome with an O with it

In these examples, each set of branches produces outcomes that are all equally
likely.

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Example 3 Practice Question 3

An experiment involves tossing two coins. A spinner with three numbers, 1, 2 and 3, is spun twice.

(a) Complete a tree diagram to show all possible outcomes. (a) List the set of possible outcomes, using a tree diagram.
(b) What is the total number of outcomes? (b) What is the total number of possible outcomes?
(c) Find the probability of tossing: (c) Find the probability of spinning:
i. Two tails i. Two 3s
ii. One tail ii. At least one 3
iii. At least one head iii. No more than one 2
iv. Two odd numbers

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Example 4 Practice Question 4

Two people are selected without replacement from a group of three: Annabel (A), Use a tree diagram to investigate the probability of selecting two counters from a
Brodie (B) and Chris (C). bag of 3 black and 2 white counters if the selection is drawn:

(a) List all the possible outcomes for the selection using a tree diagram.. (a) With replacement
(b) Find the probability that the selection will contain: (b) Without replacement
i. Annabel and Brodie
ii. Chris
iii. Chris or Bodie

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Homework Questions 3. Two four-sided dice (numbered 1, 2, 3, 4) are rolled.

(a) Complete a table like the one shown and list the sample space.
1. These two tables list the outcomes for the selection of two letters from the
(b) Find the probability of obtaining (2, 3).
word MAT.
(c) Find P(double). A double is an outcome with two of the same number.

(a) Which table shows selection where replacement is allowed (with

4. Jill guesses the answers to two multiple-choice questions with options A, B, C,
replacement)?
D or E.
(b) Which table shows selection where replacement is not allowed (without
(a) Copy and complete this table showing all possible guesses that can be
replacement)?
obtained
(c) What is the probability of choosing the outcome (T, M) from:
(b) Find the probability that she will guess:
i. Table A?
i. (D, A)
ii. Table B?
ii. The same letter
(d) How many outcomes include the letter A using:
iii. Different letters
i. Table A?
(c) Find the probability that Jill will get:
ii. Table B?
i. Exactly one of her answers correct
ii. Both of her answers correct
2. Two dot circles are selected, one from each of the sets A and B where A = {•, °}
and B = {•, °, °}.
(a) Copy and complete this table, showing all the
possible outcomes.
(b) State the total number of outcomes
(c) Find the probability that the outcome will:
i. be (•, °)
ii. contain one black dot
iii. contain two of the same dots

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5. Many board games involve the rolling of two six-sided dice. 8. A drawer contains 2 red socks, (R), 1 blue sock (B) and 1 yellow sock (Y). two
socks are selected at random without replacement.
Use a table to help find the probability that the sum of the two dice is:
(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent the information
(a) 12 (b) Find the probability of obtaining:
(b) Less than or equal to 7 i. A red sock and a blue sock
(c) At least 10 ii. Two red socks
iii. Any pair of socks of the same colour
6. By completing each tree diagram, find the total number of outcomes from iv. Any pair of socks of different colour
these experiments without replacement.
9. A student has not studied for a multiple choice test decides to guess the
answers for every question. There are three questions, and three choices of
answers (A, B and C) for each question. If only one of the possible choices (A, B
or C) is correct for each question, find the probability that the student guesses:
(a) 1 correct answer
(b) 2 correct answers
(c) 3 correct answers
(d) 0 correct answers

10. A discount supermarket shelf contains a large number of tomato tins and
peach tins with no labels. There are an equal number of both types of tin all
mixed together on the same shelf. You select four tins in a hurry. Use a tree
diagram to help find the probability of the selecting the correct number of tins
of tomatoes and/or peaches for each of the recipe requirements.
7. Two people are selected without replacement from a group of three: Donna (a) You need four tins of tomatoes for the stew
(D), Elle (E) and Fernando (F). (b) You need four tins of peaches for a peach crumble
(a) List all the possible combinations for the selection using a tree diagram. (c) You need at least three tins of tomatoes for a bolognaise
(b) Find the probability that the selection will contain: (d) You need at least two tins of peaches for a fruit salad
i. Donna and Elle (e) You need at least one tin of tomatoes for a vegetable soup.
ii. Fernando
iii. Fernando or Elle

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Extension Questions 6. Michael needs to deliver parcels to three places (A, B and C in order) in the city.
This diagram shows the different ways that he can travel.
1. A letter is chosen at random from the word MATHEMATICIAN. A second letter
(a) Draw a tree diagram showing all the possible arrangements of
is then chosen and placed to the right of the first letter.
transportation
(a) How many outcome sit in the sample space if selections are made:
(b) What is the total number of
i. With replacement?
possible outcomes?
ii. Without replacement?
(c) If Michael randomly chooses one of
(b) How many outcomes contain the same letter if selection is made:
these outcomes, what is the
i. With replacement?
probability he will use:
ii. Without replacement?
i. The train all three times
ii. The train exactly twice
2. Two letters are chosen from the word WOOD without replacement. Is it
iii. His bike exactly once
possible to obtain the outcome (O, O)? Explain why.
7. If a coin is tossed four times, use a tree diagram to find the probability that you
3. In a bag are five counters each of a different colour: green (G), yellow (Y), red
receive:
(R), blue (B) and purple (P).
(a) 0 tails
(a) If one counter is drawn from the bag and replaced then a second is
(b) 1 tail
selected, find the probability that a green counter then a blue counter is
(c) 2 tails
selected. That is, find P(G, B).
(d) 3 tails
(b) If the first counter selected is not replaced before the second is selected,
(e) 4 tails
find the probability green counter then a blue counter is selected.
8.
(a) A coin is tossed 5 times. How many outcomes will there be?
4. A six sided die and a ten sided die have been tossed simultaneously. What total
(b) A coin is tossed n times. Write a rule for the number of outcomes in the
sum has the highest probability?
sample space.

5. A spinner numbered 1 to 50 is spun twice. Find the probability that the total
9. A man randomly selects a tie from his collection of one green and two red ties,
from the two spins is:
a shirt from a collection of one red and two white, and either a red or black
(a) 100
hat. Use a tree diagram to help find the probability that the man selects a tie,
(b) 51
shirt and hat according to the following descriptions.
(c) 99
(a) One item red
(d) 52
(b) At least two items red
(e) 55
(c) Green tie or a black hat
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REVISION – Venn Diagrams and Two-way Tables 3. A number is chosen from the set of positive integers between 1 and 10
inclusive. If A is the set of even numbers and B is the set {1,4,8,9}, list the sets:
Time: 15 mins Total: 12 marks
(a) 𝐴⋂𝐵
1. All members of a ski club enjoy either skiing and/or snowboarding. Seven enjoy (b) 𝐴′
only snowboarding, 16 enjoy skiing and 4 enjoy both snowboarding and skiing. (c) 𝐵 only
By drawing a Venn diagram, determine how many people are in the ski club? (3 marks)
(3 marks)

4. From 40 people who own at least a pool or a gym, let A be the set of people
2. Of a group of 30 cats, 24 eat tinned or dry food, 10 like dry food and 5 like both who own a pool and B be the set of people who own a gym. If 𝑛(𝐴) = 21 and
tinned and dry food. By constructing a two-way table, find the probability that 𝑛(𝐵) = 29, find the following:
a selected cat likes only tinned food. (a) 𝑛(𝐴⋂𝐵)
(3 marks) (b) 𝑃(𝐴⋃𝐵)
(c) 𝑃(𝐴′ )
(3 marks)