AISSCE - 2023-24

PROJECT WORK ON BUSINESS STUDIES

STUDENT NAME:

CLASS : XII

PROJECT MENTOR: Mr. A.C. Upadhyay

Project Title:
Analysis and Application of Principles of Management
with reference to … (Name of Organisation you have
selected)…
 Index
S.No. Particulars Page No. Teacher
Signature
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Meaning and Features of Principles
of Management
4. Henry Fayol – Brief Biography
5. Principles of Management
propounded by Henry Fayol
6. Explanations of Principles of
Management
7. Introduction about your Selected
Organisation
8. Analysis of Application based on
Questionnaire
9. Conclusion
10. Annexure – I : Questionnaire
11. Annexure – II : Bibliography
 Certificate
This is to certify that the content of this project entitled “Analysis and
application of Principle of Management with reference to … (Name of
Organisation you have selected)…” by …..(Name of Candidate) …….
is the bona fide work of him submitted to “DAV Public School,
Dudhichua Area” for the consideration in partial fulfillment of
requirement of CBSE, Delhi for the award of Senior School Certificate
Examination in Commerce.

The original project work was carried by him under my guidance and
supervision in the academic year 2023-24. On the basis of the declaration
made by him. I recommend this project for evaluation.

Certified by:

Mr. A.C. Upadhyay.

(Internal) (External)
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my Business
Studies Teacher “Mr. L. B. Sharma / Mr. A.C. Upadhyay” for his able
guidance and support in completing my project work.

I would like to extend my gratitude to the Principal Sir “Mr. Amitabh

Srivastava” for providing me with all the facility that was required in
completing my project work.

I would also like to thanks my Parents and Friends who have helped me
with their valuable suggestions and guidance in various phase of
completing my project work.

Last but not the least I would like to thanks my Classmates who have
helped me a lot.

Date: Your Name

Place: XII – Commerce
Roll no.:
 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

A principle refers to a fundamental truth. It establishes cause and effect

relationship between two or more variables under a given situation.
They serve as a guide to thought & actions. Therefore, Management
principles are the statements of fundamental truth based on logic
which provides guidelines for managerial decision making and
actions.
Principles of Management are not rule, but only a guide to action.
These principles are derived: -

a. On the basis of observation and analysis i.e. practical experience of

managers.
b. By conducting experimental studies.

NATURE/FEATURE/CHARACTERISTIC OF
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

1. Universal Applicability

2. Flexible

3. General Guidelines

4. Practice and Experimentations

5. Mainly Behavioural

6. Cause & Effect Relationship

7. Contingent
 Henry Fayol – Father of General Management

(1841-1925)

Henri Fayol was born on 29th July, 1841 in a suburb of Istanbul, Ottoman Empire.
His father (an engineer) was appointed superintendent of works to build Galata
Bridge, The family returned to France in 1847, where Fayol graduated from the
mining academy "École Nationale Supérieure des Mines" in Saint-Étienne in 1860.

In 1860 at the age of nineteen Fayol started the mining company named "Compagnie
de Commentry-Fourchambault-Decazeville" in Commentry as the mining engineer.

In 1888 he became Managing Director, when the mine company employed over
10,000 people, and held that position over 30 years until 1918. By 1900 the company
was one of the largest producers of iron and steel in France and was regarded as a
vital industry. Based largely on his own management experience, he developed his
concept of administration. In 1916 he published these experiences in the book
"Administration Industrielle et Générale", In this work Fayol presented his theory
of management, known as “Fayolism”.

Fayol also created a list of the Six Primary Functions of Management which are
Forecasting, Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating and Controlling.

Fayol's "14 Principles" was one of the earliest theories of management to be

created, and remains one of the most comprehensive. He's considered to be among
the most influential contributors to the modern concept of management.

Henri Fayol died on 19th November, 1925 in Paris.

14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Division of Labour
Henry Fayol has stressed on the specialization of jobs. He recommended that
work of all kinds must be divided & subdivided and allotted to various
persons according to their expertise in a particular area.

Subdivision of work makes it simpler and results in efficiency. It also helps

the individual in acquiring speed, accuracy in his performance. Specialization
leads to efficiency & economy in spheres of business.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Leads to Specialisation ▪ Lack of Specialisation

▪ Simplifies the work ▪ Wastage of time and

resources

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

employees employees.

Authority & Responsibility

Authority refers to the power of superiors to give order to their sub-ordinates
whereas responsibility means obligation for the performance of the job
assigned.

If authority is given to a person, he should also be made responsible. In a

same way, if anyone is made responsible for any job, he should also have
concerned authority.

There should be a balance between the two i.e. they must go hand in hand.
Authority without responsibility leads to irresponsible behavior whereas
responsibility without authority makes the person ineffective.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Increases the confidence level ▪ Decline the confidence level
of employees of employees

▪ Helps in fixing responsibility ▪ Difficulty in fixing

responsibility

▪ Helps in achieving the target ▪ Difficulty in achieving the

target

Discipline
According to Fayol, “Discipline means sincerity, obedience, respect of
authority & observance of rules and regulations of the enterprise”.

This principle applies that subordinate should respect their superiors and obey
their order. It is an important requisite for smooth running of the enterprise.
Discipline is not only required on path of subordinates but also on the part of
management.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decline the efficiency of
employees employees

▪ Improve the reputation of ▪ Decline the reputation of

Organisation Organisation

▪ Helps in maintaining better ▪ Relation between

relationship between management and employees
management and employees may not be cordial

Unity of Command
A sub-ordinate should receive orders and be accountable to one and only one
boss at a time. In other words, a sub-ordinate should not receive instructions
from more than one person because it undermines authority, endanger
discipline and disturb order and stability.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ No confusion in the mind of ▪ confusion in the mind of
subordinates subordinates

▪ Helps in fixing responsibility ▪ Difficulty in fixing

responsibility

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

subordinate subordinate

Unity of Direction
Fayol advocates one head one plan which means that there should be one plan
for a group of activities having similar objectives. Related activities should
be grouped together. There should be one plan of action for them and they
should be under the charge of a particular manager.

According to this principle, efforts of all the members of the organization

should be directed towards common goal. Without unity of direction, unity of
action cannot be achieved. In fact, unity of command is not possible without
unity of direction.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Ensure and facilitates ▪ Lack of Coordination
Coordination
▪ Helps in achieving Objectives ▪ Difficulty in achieving
Objectives

▪ Efforts of all the employees ▪ Unnecessary duplication of

get unified towards one efforts.
direction

Subordination of Individual interest to General

Interest
Every individual in any organization has their own individual interest.
However, for smooth functioning of an organization, it is a must that these
individual interests be considered as subordinate to the interest (ethics) of the
organization. This means that everybody in the organization should focus
more on the organizational objectives and not on those of the individual and
that this principle is applied to all, from employees to the managers.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Coordination between the ▪ Lack of coordination
individual and organisational between the individual and
goal. organisational goal.

▪ Helps in achieving ▪ Difficulty in achieving

organisational goal organisational goal

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

subordinate subordinate

Remuneration to Employees
The quantum and method of remuneration to be paid to the workers should
be fair, reasonable, satisfactory & rewarding of the efforts. As far as possible
it should accord satisfaction to both employer and the employees.
Wages should be determined on the basis of cost of living, work assigned,
financial position of the business, wage rate prevailing etc. Logical &
appropriate wage rates and methods of their payment reduce tension &
differences between workers & management creates harmonious relationship
and pleasing atmosphere of work. Fayol also recommended provision of other
benefits such as free education, medical & residential facilities to workers.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Decreases Labour Turnover ▪ Increases Labour Turnover
Ratio Ratio

▪ Devotion and commitment of ▪ Encouragement to dishonesty

employee’s improves. among the employees

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

subordinate subordinate

Centralisation and Decentralisation

Centralization means concentration of authority at the top level. In other
words, centralization is a situation in which top management retains most of
the decision making authority.
Decentralization means disposal of decision making authority to all the levels
of the organization. In other words, sharing authority downwards is
decentralization. Anything which increases the role of subordinate is
decentralization & anything which decreases it is centralization.

According to Fayol, “Degree of centralization or decentralization depends on

number of factors like size of business, experience of superiors, dependability
& ability of subordinates etc. Fayol suggested that absolute centralization or
decentralization is not feasible. An organization should strike to achieve a lot
between the two.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Decrease in work load ▪ Increase in work load

▪ Quick Decision ▪ Slow in decision making

▪ Increases the motivation level ▪ Decreases the motivation

of subordinate level of subordinate

Scalar Chain
Hierarchy is an important aspect of any organization varying from senior
management to the lowest levels. This management principle implies that
there should be a clear line in the area of authority at various levels of
management. Fayol defines scalar chain as ’The chain of superiors ranging
from the ultimate authority to the lowest”.
Every orders, instructions, messages, requests, explanation etc. has to pass
through Scalar chain. But, for the sake of convenience & urgency, this path
can be cut shirt and this short cut is known as Gang Plank. A Gang Plank is
a temporary arrangement between two different points to facilitate quick &
easy communication.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Orderly and smooth flow of ▪ Information may not flow in
information orderly direction

▪ Clear line of authority and ▪ Authority and responsibility

responsibility relationship relationship will not be clear

▪ Better relationship between ▪ Bitter (Unhealthy)

superior and subordinate relationship between
superior and subordinate

Order
This principle is concerned with proper & systematic arrangement of things
and people that’s mean that right person at right job and right things at right
place. Arrangement of things is called material order and placement of people
is called social order.
Material order- There should be safe, appropriate and specific place for
every article and every place to be effectively used for specific activity and
commodity.

Social order- Selection and appointment of most suitable person on the

suitable job. There should be a specific place for everyone and everyone
should have a specific place so that they can easily be contacted whenever
need arises.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ No loss of time in search of ▪ loss of time in search of men
men and material and material

▪ Smooth and systematic ▪ Lack of discipline in the

working of organisation organisation

▪ Efficient use of resources ▪ inefficient use of resources

Equity
Equity means combination of fairness, kindness & justice. The employees
should be treated with kindness & equity if devotion is expected of them. It
implies that managers should be fair and impartial while dealing with the
subordinates.
They should give similar treatment to people of similar position. They should
not discriminate with respect to age, caste, sex, religion, relation etc. Equity
is essential to create and maintain cordial relations between the managers and
sub-ordinate. But equity does not mean total absence of harshness. Fayol was
of opinion that, “at times force and harshness might become necessary for the
sake of equity”.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Increases the satisfaction and ▪ Decreases the satisfaction
motivation level of and motivation level of
employees employees

▪ Better relationship between ▪ Bitter relationship between

superior and subordinate superior and subordinate

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

subordinate subordinate

Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Fayol emphasized that employees should not be moved frequently from one
job position to another i.e. the period of service in a job should be fixed.
Therefore employees should be appointed after keeping in view principles of
recruitment & selection but once they are appointed their services should be
served.
According to Fayol. “Time is required for an employee to get used to a new
work & succeed to doing it well but if he is removed before that he will not
be able to render worthwhile services”. As a result, the time, effort and money
spent on training the worker will go waste. Stability of job creates team spirit
and a sense of belongingness among workers which ultimately increase the
quality as well as quantity of work.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Less expenses on recruitment, ▪ More expenses on
selection and training recruitment, selection and
training

▪ Better reputation and ▪ Decline in reputation and

goodwill of the company goodwill of the company

▪ Increases the efficiency of ▪ Decreases the efficiency of

subordinate subordinate

Initiative
Workers should be encouraged to take initiative in the work assigned to them.
It means eagerness to initiate actions without being asked to do so. Fayol
advised that management should provide opportunity to its employees to
suggest ideas, experiences& new method of work.
It helps in developing an atmosphere of trust and understanding. People then
enjoy working in the organization because it adds to their zeal and energy. To
suggest improvement in formulation & implementation of place. They can be
encouraged with the help of monetary & non-monetary incentives.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Increase in mental growth and ▪ Decrease in mental growth
feeling of belongingness in and feeling of belongingness
employees in employees

▪ Increase commitment of ▪ Decrease commitment of

employees towards the employees towards the
organisation organisation

▪ Employees achieve target on ▪ Target cannot be achieved in

time time

Esprit de Corps
It refers to team spirit i.e. harmony in the work groups and mutual
understanding among the members. Fayol cautioned the managers against
dividing the employees into competing groups because it might damage the
moral of the workers and interest of the undertaking in the long run. To
inculcate Espirit De’ Corps following steps should be undertaken -
 ▪ There should be proper co-ordination of work at all levels
▪ Subordinates should be encouraged to develop informal
relations among themselves.
▪ Efforts should be made to create enthusiasm and keenness
among subordinates so that they can work to the maximum
ability.
▪ Efficient employees should be rewarded and those who are not
up to the mark should be given a chance to improve their
performance.
▪ Subordinates should be made conscious of that whatever they
are doing is of great importance to the business & society.

Positive Effects Negative Effects

▪ Lead to cordial relations
between management and
worker
▪ Helps in achieving group goal
▪ Unhealthy relations between
management and worker.
▪ Difficulty in achieving group
goal

▪ Develop an atmosphere of ▪ Lack of team spirit

mutual trust
 ANALYSIS OF
APPLICATION OF
PRINCIPLES OF
MANAGEMENT IN
THE
ORGANISATION

Does your Organisation or Department divide job or work among you and your
colleagues?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of Respondent 16
14
12

Yes 15 10
8
No 04 6
4
Can’t Say 01 2
0
Total 20 Yes No Can’t Say

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “What is the criteria on which job or work assigned
or divided among you and your colleagues?” 15 Respondent were in favour of
“YES”, 4 Respondent were in favour of “NO” and 1 Respondent was unable to
answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Division of
Work” is applicable in the organisation.

Does your Organisation Delegate sufficient Authority and Responsibilities to

perform the job or work assigned to you?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent
Can’t
Say
Yes 09

No 06 No

Can’t Say 05
Yes
Total 20
0 5 10

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Does your Organisation Delegate sufficient

Authority and Responsibilities to perform the job or work assigned to you?”
09 Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 06 Respondent were in favour of “NO”
and 05 Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Authority and
Responsibility” is not applicable in the organisation.

Is there any rule and regulations to be observed by every employee in your

Organisation?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent

Yes 18

No 01

Can’t Say 01

Total 20

Yes
No
Can’t Say

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Is there any rule and regulations to be observed by
every employee in your Organisation?” 18 Respondent were in favour of “YES”,
01 Respondent were in favour of “NO” and 01 Respondent was unable to answer
the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Discipline” is
applicable in the organisation.

From how many Superior you receive Order or Instruction to perform your job or
work?

a. One Superior
b. Two Superior
c. More than Two Superior
 d. Can’t Say

Options No. of
Respondent
12
One 11 10
Superior 8
Two 04 6
Superior 4
More 04 2
than two
0
Superior One Two More Can’t Say
Can’t 01 Superior Superior than two
Say Superior

Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “From how many Superior you receive Order or
Instruction to perform your job or work?” 11 Respondent were in favour that
they receive order from “One Superior”, 04 Respondent were in favour that they
receive order from “Two Superior”, 04 Respondent were in favour that they receive
order from “More than Two Superior”, and 01 Respondent was unable to answer
the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Unity of
Command” is applicable in the organisation.

Your Department is headed by how many Superior?

a. One Superior
b. Two Superior
c. More than Two Superior
d. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent
One 13
Superior One Superior
Two 03
Superior Two Superior
More 02
More than two
than two
Superior
Superior
Can’t Say
Can’t 02
Say
Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Your Department is headed by how many

Superior?” 13 Respondent were in favour that their Organisation is headed by “One
Superior”, 03 Respondent were in favour that their Organisation is headed by “Two
Superior”, 03 Respondent were in favour that their Organisation is headed by “More
than Two Superior”, and 02 Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Unity of
Direction” is applicable in the organisation.

Does your Organisation recognize the interest of every employees and workers?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
20
Respondent
18
16
14
Yes 18
12
10
No 01
8
6
Can’t Say 01 4
2
Total 20 0
Yes No Can’t Say

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Does your Organisation recognize the interest of
every employees and workers?” 18 Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 01
Respondent were in favour “NO”, and 01 Respondent was unable to answer the
question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Subordination
of Individual Interest to General Interest” is not applicable in the organisation.

Is there any difference in the remunerations of you and your colleagues?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent

Yes 14

No 03

Can’t Say 03

Total 20

Can’t Say

No

INFERENCE:
Yes

0 5 10 15
When I asked the Question “Is there
any difference in the remunerations of you and your colleagues?” 18
Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 01 Respondent were in favour “NO”, and 01
Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Fair
Remunerations to Employees” is not applicable in the organisation.

All the Decision of your Department or Organisation is taken by:

a. Only Superior
b. Only Subordinate
c. Both Superior and Subordinate
d. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent
14
12
Only 13
10
Superior
8
Only 03
6
Subordinate
4
Both 02 2
Superior 0
and
Subordinate
Can’t Say 01
Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Who in your Department or Organisation take all
Decision?” 13 Respondent were in favour that “Only Superior” take decision, 03
Respondent were in favour that “Only Subordinate” take decision, 02 Respondent
were in favour that “Both Superior and Subordinate” take decision and 01
Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Centralisation
and Decentralisation” is applicable in the organisation.

Is there any specific means to send and receive information in your Organisation?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
 Options No. of
Respondent

Yes 14 Yes
No
No 03
Can’t Say
Can’t Say 03

Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Is there any specific means to send and receive
information in your Organisation?” 14 Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 03
Respondent were in favour “NO”, and 03 Respondent was unable to answer the
question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Scalar - Chain”
is applicable in the organisation.

On what basis does your organisation appoint Candidate?

a. Qualification and Skills

b. Nature of Job
 c. Recommendations
d. Can’t Say

Options No. of
Respondent

Qualification and
Qualification and 12 Skills
Skills Nature of Job

Nature of Job 03
Recommendations

Recommendations 02 Can’t Say

Can’t Say 03

Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “On what basis does your organisation appoint
Candidate?” 12 Respondent were in favour that employees are appointed on basis
of “Qualification and Skills”, 03 Respondent were in favour that employees are
appointed on basis of “Nature of Job”, 02 Respondent were in favour that employees
are appointed on basis of “Recommendations” and 03 Respondent was unable to
answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Order” is
applicable in the organisation.

How your Superior treat the subordinate in the Organisation?

a. Fairly
 b. Unfairly
c. Can’t Say

Options No. of
Respondent

Fairly 16 Fairly
Unfairly
Unfairly 03 Can’t Say

Can’t Say 01

Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “How your Superior treat the subordinate in the
Organisation?” 16 Respondent were in favour that they are “Fairly” treated, 03
Respondent were in favour that they are “Unfairly” treated 03 Respondent was
unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Equity” is
applicable in the organisation.

What is the stability of your appointment in the Organisation?

 a. Temporary
b. Permanent
c. Can’t Say

Options No. of
Respondent
Can’t Say
Temporary 04

Permanent 13 Permanent

Can’t Say 03
Temporary
Total 20

0 5 10 15

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “What is the stability of your appointment in the
Organisation?” 04 Respondent were in favour that their Services are “Temporary”,
13 Respondent were in favour that their Services are “Permanent” and 03
Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Stability of
Tenure” is applicable in the organisation.

Does your Superior involve you in the Decision Making Process?

 a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

Options No. of 16
Respondent 14

12
Yes 14 10

8
No 04
6
Can’t Say 02 4

Total 20 2

0
Yes No Can’t Say

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Does your Superior involve you in the Decision
Making Process?” 14 Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 03 Respondent were
in favour “NO”, and 03 Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Initiative” is
applicable in the organisation.

Does your superior recognize your efforts to the Organisation?

 a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

Options No. of
Respondent

Yes 16 Yes

No 03 No
Can’t Say
Can’t Say 01

Total 20

INFERENCE:

When I asked the Question “Does your superior recognize your efforts to the
Organisation?” 16 Respondent were in favour of “YES”, 03 Respondent were in
favour “NO”, and 01 Respondent was unable to answer the question.

For the above finding it is clear that the Principle of Management “Esprit de corps”
is applicable in the organisation.
 Conclusion
After analysing the application of Principles of Management as propounded by Mr.
Henry Fayol in ….(your selected organisation) it was found that out of 14 Principles
of Management, 11 Principles of Management is applied in the Organisation and
efforts are made by the organisation to implement rest of the Principle of
Management which was not yet applied.

During my Project Work I learn the concept of Principles of Management its

benefits and shortcoming.

For the successful operation of Business implication of Principles of Management

is essential in the organisation.
ANNEXURE
I
 QUESTIONNAIRE
I …(Your Full Name)…… in partial fulfillment of requirement of CBSE, Delhi for
the award of Senior School Certificate Examination in Commerce. I have designed
a list of Question under the Supervision of ….(Name of Your Teacher)..to collect
the information whether the Principles of Management as propounded by Mr. Henry
Fayol is applicable in the organisation or not.

I request to my respondent to cooperate with me in collecting the information and

help me in completing my School Project for “Business Studies”.

Personal Details

1. Name of Respondent : ……………………………….

2. Post : ……………………………….
3. Organisation Name : ……………………………….
4. Date of Birth : ……………………………….
5. Gender : ……………………………….
6. Address : ……………………………….
……………………………….
……………………………….
7. Contact No : ……………………………….

General Instruction:
a. The Questionnaire contains 14 Questions with Multiple Options.
b. Select only One Option as your response.
c. The Questionnaire is only meant for project work only.

Let’s Start the Questionnaire

1. Does your Organisation or Department divide job or work among you and
your colleagues?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
2. Does your Organisation Delegate sufficient Authority and Responsibilities
to perform the job or work assigned to you?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

3. Is there any rule and regulations to be observed by every employee in your

Organisation?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

4. From how many Superior you receive Order or Instruction to perform your
job or work?
a. One Superior
b. Two Superior
c. More than Two Superior
d. Can’t Say

5. Your Department is headed by how many Superior?

a. One Superior
b. Two Superior
c. More than Two Superior
d. Can’t Say

6. Does your Organisation recognize the interest of every employees and

workers?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

7. Is there any difference in the remunerations of you and your colleagues?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
8. All the Decision of your Department or Organisation is taken by:
a. Only Superior
b. Only Subordinate
c. Both Superior and Subordinate
d. Can’t Say

9. Is there any specific means to send and receive information in your

Organisation?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

10. On what basis does your organisation appoint Candidate?

a. Qualification and Skills
b. Nature of Job
c. Recommendations
d. Can’t Say

11. How your Superior treat the subordinate in the Organisation?

a. Fairly
b. Unfairly
c. Can’t Say

12. What is the stability of your appointment in the Organisation?

a. Temporary
b. Permanent
c. Can’t Say

13. Does your Superior involve you in the Decision Making Process?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say

14. Does your superior recognize your efforts to the Organisation?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t Say
ANNEXURE
II
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

▪ R K Singla, Business Studies, 2021 Edition, Daryaganj Delhi, VK Global

Publication Pvt. Ltd.

▪ Poonam Gandhi, Business Studies, 2021 Edition, Daryaganj Delhi, VK

Global Publication Pvt. Ltd.

▪ NCERT Book

NEWS PAPER:

▪ The Economic Times

▪ The Hindu
▪ Indian Express

WEB SITE:

▪ www.google.com
▪ www.msnsearch.com