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AN OUTLINE OF GREEK ACCIDENCE
 AN OUTLINE OF

GREEK ACCIDENCE

H. J. K. USHER
Senior Classics Master
University College School, London

DUCKWORTH
————
ee
 This impression 2005
First published in 1981 by
Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd.
90-93 Cowcross Street. London ECIM 6BF
Tel: 020 7490 7300
Fax: 020 7490 0080
inquiries‘@duckworth-publishers.co.uk
www.ducknet.co.uk

© 1981 by H.J.K. Usher

All tights reserved. No part of this publication

may be reproduced. stored in a retrieval system. or
transmitted. in any form or by any means. electronic.
mechanical. photocopying. recording or otherwise.
ss without the prior permission of the publisher.

A catalogue record for this book is available

from the British Library

ISBN
0 7156 1543 2

Printed and bound in Great Britain by

Antony Rowe Ltd. Eastbourne
Duckworth
90-93 Cowcross Street
London ECIM 6BF
www.ducknet.co.uk
Contents

The definite article

Nouns
Adjectives

Comparison of adjectives

Numerals
Pronouns
Adverbs
Verbs
Prepositions

Irregular verbs
 We

Ztrracen<.
+
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE

SINGULAR

Dual. All genders: N., V., A., to; G., D., Toiv.
 NOUNS
FirsT DECLENSION
Stems in -a« and -n

Citizen Young man Battle Country

SINGULAR : TOAITNS
TrOAITa
TOAITHV i ude nV
TOA TOU veaviou ays
TroAITH VEavig ayn

PLURAL Ay Ae TOAITal veaviat pary art 6dAaTT TAI

TOAITAS veavias aX. as Sarat Tas

TTOAITOV VEQVIGSV wary Gov SadatTav
TTOAIT ONS VEavias Te grfeats Barat Tas XYopais

All duals end: N., V., A., -a; G., D., -aiv.

SECOND DECLENSION ATTIC SECOND

Stems in -o DECLENSION

Man Island

SINGULAR : &vOpootros Vijoos

&vOpcotre VT\oE
a&vOpwtrov VT\oov
&vOpatrou vnoou
avOpeortre vnow

&vOpootro1 vijool
&vOportro1 vijoo1
&vOpatrous vijoous
a&vOpatrav VT\owv
d&vOpcartrois vT|oo1s

All duals end: N., V., A., -«; G., D., -ouv. Dual: -«, -ov.
8
 THIRD DECLENSION
Consonant Stems

Guard Action

SINGULAR ; puaa€ i TrPaYya

puaAa€ TIPay par

QuaAaKka TIPaY wa
PUAaKOS TIPSY Warros
QuvAaKI TEPOY UOT!

PLURAL — : QUAKES TpayYLaTa

QuAaKEsS TPcy ata

QuAaKaS TIPay Lata
QuAaKav TIPOY WaT
puaaéi(v) Trparypaci(v)

All duals end: N., V., A., -e; G., D., -o1v.

Stems in -o Vowel Stems

Trireme Race King City

TPINPNS YEVOS BaoiAsts TOAIS

TPIT |pes yevos Baoirst TrOAL

TpINpN yévos Bacirta TOAIV
TPIT|POUS yévous BaoiAeéos TTOAEWS
TPIT pet yévei BaotAsi TrOAEL

TPITPEIS yevn BaoiAts, -eis TTOAEIS

TPIT|PEIS yevn Baoirtjs, -eis TTOAEIS
TPIT} PES yévn Baoiéas, -€i5 TTOAEIS
TPIT}|POV Yevoov BaciAéwv TTOAEwV
Tpit peci(v) yéveoi(v) Bao1Aevo(v) TroAEo1(v)

All duals end: N., V., A., -n; G., D., -ouv. All duals end: N., V., A.,-1(orn);G., D., -éow.
 THE COMMONER IRREGULAR NOUNS

Man Woman

SINGULAR| Nom. &vnp yuvn

Voc. &vep yuvai

Acc. &vbpa yuvaika

Gen. &vdp6s5 yuvaiKkds

Dat. &vSpi yuvaixi

PLURAL Nom. &vbpes yuvaikes

Voc. &vSpes yuvaixes

Acc. &vbpas yuvaikas

Gen. é&vbpdsv yuvaikdoy GOTEWV

Dat. é&vbpao1(v) yuvan€{(v) coteoi(v)

Father Horn Son

SINGULAR : TaTT|p KEPOS uids

TaTEp KEpas uté

TATEPa KEPaS uidv

TAT POS KEPATOS, KEOWS ultos

Trarpi KEPATI, KEP viei

PLURAL : TTOTEPES 7) KEPATA, KEP vieis

TOT Epes r) KEPaTA, KEP uicis

TTATEPAS U KEpaTa, KEPa uieis

TTATEPCOV KEPATOOV, KEPCOV vigwv

Tratpaoi(v) Képaoi(v) vigo1(v)

 NOTE ON THE DATIVE PLURAL OF THE THIRD DECLENSION CONSONANT STEMS

In the dative plural the final consonant of the stem comes into contact with the termination
oi(v) and requires combination or contraction, as below:

Nom. GEN. SING. LAT. IPL

l. y, k, xX, and o= &

ooAtriy€ trumpet = od&Atriyy-0s odATiyE1(v)

Kf}pug herald KT|PUK-05 Knpvuei(v)

2. 5, 8, t, and v are omitted before final -o

Trais boy Trad-o5 Traici(v)

‘ dpvis bird dpvi805 dpvio1(v)

Epws love ENWT-05 Epwor(v)

Tyyewov leader TYELOVOS tyeuoo1(v)

XEILOOV storm, XEIUDV-05 XEIUdo1(v)

winter

3. p requires no change

Ar\twp orator AT\TOP-0S OrTOpoI(V)

4. -vt

yépov oldman _ yépovt-os yépouoi(v)

d50Us tooth d8dvT-05 dSoUo1(v)

ylyas giant ylyavt-os ylyaoi(v)

11
ADJECTIVES
FirstT-SECOND DECLENSION

Type -ous contracted from -eos or -oos

Golden

XpucoUs XpuoT Xpycouv

KpucoUs Xpvot) Xpycouv
XKPUTOUV Xpuoty XpycoUV
Kpucou XpuoT|s XpucoU

xXpyo@ XpuoT Xpyse

xpuocoi xpucal xpvo&

xpuooi xpucai xpuca
KPUTOUS Kpucds Xpuo&
KPUCdV XPucav XpYUT@v
XpuUCOIS ypuoais Xpvoois

N.B._ If the adjective ends in -€0s, -10s, -pos or -pous, the feminine singular has -a throughout
(like xopa), e.g. véos new vex véav véas vex
tTAovalos, rich TrAouoia, etc.
ioxupos, strong ioyupd, etc.
a&pyupots, silver é&pyupa, etc.
12
 THIRD DECLENSION

Noble Smaller

evyevts euyeves TtTtov = FTTov

evyevés — eryevees FTTov F\tTov

evyevt] — evryeves ATtova = FTTov

[ttt]
eUYEVOUS TT TOVOS
evyevel HTTOvVI

evyevels evryevi} T\tToves =TTOva

[ftrous] [fT]
eUyeveis evryevij TTToves =TTOva
[7\TTovus] [TT]
eUyevels evryeviy TitTovas iTTova
[AtTous] [ATT]
euyevaov T\TTOéVeov
evyevéoi(v) HTToo(v)

N.B. Comparative adjectives have the two alternative forms. Other adjectives (€.g. cappav)
have only the longer of the two.

MIXED (FIRST AND THIRD) DECLENSION

Nom. | ¢ .| Nom. | tr&s

Voc. F i Voc. | mas
Acc. "SU SU Acc, TAVTa
Gen. : Gen. | travtds
Dat. Dat. | trovti

Piur.| Nom. i Nom. | tra&vtes TAAL

Voc. Voc. TAVTES Tao!
Acc. "Sel Acc. | taévtas Taos
Gen. Seic Gen. | tévtwv | tracdév
Dat. 1Selats 1\Séo1(v) Dat. | w&o(v) | méoas
 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

Uey GAN weya

ueyoAn | eye

ueyGAnv | Heya

ueyGAns | weyaAou

wey aan wey aru

Much (pl. many)

The plural is regular, e.g. weydAo1, peyddan, ueydAa; ToAAol, troAAat, TOAAG,

14
 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

péAas uéAcava | péAav

yéAav uéAciva | péAav

peAava uéAcivav | peAav

yéAavos | ueAaivns | yéAavos

yéAovi yeAatvn eA

Pleasing

xapleis | xaptecou | xaplev

xaplev | yapiecoa |xaplev
xapievta |yapicecoay| Kaplev

xaplevtos| xapiéoons} KapievTos

xapievti |yapiéoon |xaplevti

The plural is regular, e.g. péAaves, péAciver, péAava; xaplevtes, yaplecoo, yaplevta.

15
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

I. Most adjectives make their comparative forms by adding -tep os -a -ov

their superlative forms by adding -tat os -n -ov to the base.

(1) those ending in -os add them to the base -o-

Selvos ~—sStrange Seivo- SeivoTepos Seivotatos

(2) those ending in -os whose last syllable but oneis short add them to a lengthened base -«-

copos = ise TOpw- TOPWTEPOS copaTatos

(3) those ending in -us add them to the base -u- j

yAuKus sweet yAuku- YAUKUTEPOS YAUKUTaTOS

(4) those ending in -ns add them to the base -es-

sapts clear oaeEs- TAPETTEDOS TAPESTATOS

(5) those ending in -ouvs add them to the base -ovo-

esvous _ kindly eUVOU0- EUVOUOTEDOS EUVOUOTATOS

(6) those ending in -wv add -eoTep os -a -ov to the base -ov-

owmppav sensible owppov- CWPPOVETTEPTS = TwMPOVEOTATOS

16
Il. The following adjectives employ a mixture of forms, mostly the form with comparative
ending -1v -iov, superlative ending -toT os -1-ov:

é&yabes good cuelvoov Epiotos

BeATtioov BEATIOTOS

Kpefttoov KP&TIOTOS

aloxpds disgraceful alox{ov aiox1oTOs

éy8pds hateful Ey Oloov ExOioTos

Tus sweet ASloov 7510 TOS

KaKds bad Kaloo KAKIOTOS

xelpoov xElpiotos

KaAds = beautiful KOAAoov KGAAIOTOS

wéyas great welzoov LEY 1OTOS

uixpds =small LIKPOTEPOS LIKPOTATOS

veloov

datyds little oAly1oTOS

Sew EAdX
ISTOS

(fK1oTa adverb only)

ToOAUS much TAEIo TOS

Padi0s easy PROTOS

Taxus quick TAX IOTOS

giAos = dear piATaTos

UaAAov olAos udAiota pldAos

For declensions of comparatives see pages 12 and 13,

of superlatives see page 12.
17
NUMERALS
The following are declined:

TpEIS toia TéTTApES TETTAPA

TpEis tpla TétTTapes TETTAPA

Tpeis tela TETTApAS TETTAPA

TPldoV TETTAPOOV

tpioi(v) TETTAPOI(V)

Like efs are declined: oWSels, ovSepia, ov5év;

undels, UNSevia, pndév.

18
 CARDINALS ORDINALS ADVERBS

~
els pia, év TIPTOS, -T), -OVv Srax€
5vo0 SeuTEpos dis
Tpeis Tpia TpITOS tpis
TETTApPES TETTAPA TETAPTOS TETPAKIS
TrEVTE TEWLTETOS TTEVTAKIS
€€ EKTOS éEdxis
ETT EBSou0S ETTTAKIS
OKT Sy5o0s5 OKTAKIS
7I~
SIWrw
WA ~
Evve EVOTOS EVAKIS
dSéka SéKaTOS SEKaKis
—_
Ke
FP
NA
AANA
OO
WN EVSEKa évSEKaTOS EVSEKAKIS
Sadeka SadEKaATOS SaSekaxis
Tpeis Kal Sekar Tpitos Kai Séxartos TPLOKAISEKAKIS
TETTEPES Kal Seka TETAPTOS Kal Séxartos | TeTTapaKaidSexaxis
TeVTEKaISEKar TéuTTTOS Kal SéxarrTos TEVTEKAISEKGKIS
ExkalSeka EKTOS iy EKKAISEKAKIS
étrtaKalSexa EBSou0s ,, ETPTAKAISEKAKIS
OKTOKAISEKa SySoos_,, OKTOKAISEKAKIS
évveakaideka EVECTOG =e); EVVEAKAISEKEKIS
eSWW
Re
RS
RK
NOON
NHN
WN
oO
&
ON elkoo1(V) eikOoTOs EIKOOOKIS
EiKOO TEVTE ElKOOTOS TELTTTOS EIKOOAKIS TTEVTGKIS
WNCO
Ww < TPIaKOVTa TPIAKOOTOS TPIAKOVTEKIS
p j=) os
TETTAPAKOVTA TETTAPAKOOTOS TETTAPOKOVTAKIS
TIEVTT]KOVTO TEVTT]KOOTOS TTEVTT])KOVTOKIS
é€nKovta EENKOOTOS EENKOvTaKis
EBSoutKovTa EBSounKoOoTOS EBSounKovTaKis
doySorKovta dyd5onKootos dySonKovTaKis
Ghaso
GNaem)
YX
Sacre
cam
ea
Was
~—]
60
X\©: OomM<
OFA EvevT]KOVTa EvevnKooTos EVEVT]KOVTOKIS
&KOTOV EKATOOTOS EKATOVTOKIS
-

SiaKdoio1, a1, S1aKoo10oTés SiaKkoo1dKis

-
ce
me)

4 TPIAKOGIOI, aI, a TPIAKOTIOOTOS TPIAKOOIOKIS

S
~
TETPOKOCION, a1, a TETPAKOTIOOTOS TETPAKOOIAKIS
TEVTAKOGION, O1,a TEVTAKOCIOO TOS TTEVTAKOOIGKIS
~
pol

&Eaxdo1ol, a1,a EEaKkoo10o TOS EEaKooI1aKIS

ETTTOKOCION, a1,a ETTTAKOOLOO TOS ETTTAKOOIOKIS
=gue ~
OKTAKOGIOI, a1,& OKTAKOCIOO TOS OKTOAKOOIAKIS
évaKdo1o1, a1, & EVAKOCIOO TOS EVAKOOIAKIS
XiAlo1, a1,o X1A1o0 TOs XIALKIS
Siox{Aio1, on, a Sidyx A100 TOs SioXIAtaK1s
PEO
aS
~
wwpl1o1, al, & LUPIOO TOS MUPIGKIS
PRONOUNS

SINGULAR

éué, ye

EuoU, LOU

époi, Lor

Himself

EUOUTOV, -TIV OEQUTOV, -TIV tauTov, -TVv, -O

ELQUTOU, -T5 O£AUTOU, -7)5 éautou, -7\s, -0U

EUaUTo, -F) CeauTo, -Ty

Ourselves Yourselves Themselves Themselves

Prur. |Acc. | tas avrtous, -ds | tds anrrovs, -as | éautoUus, -ds, -& opas

Gen. | tyudv auTay, -Sv | Updv otrtav, -Ov | sautdv, -dv, -v opav

Dat. Nwiv autois, -ais | Upiv avtois, -ais| éautois, -ais, -ols opion(v)

N.B. 1. ceautdv in the singular is often contracted to cautdv, sauTTy, etc.

2. éautdév in the singular is usually contracted to attdév, avTHy, etc.
3. éavtov in the plural has alternative forms: ‘
Acc. op&s astous, ops ovtas; Gen. opdv avtév; Dat. oplow avrtois, opfoiw utrtais.
4. Reflexive pronouns are not found in the nominative in any language.
20
 SINGULAR SINGULAR

Who (relative)

SINGULAR

Who (relative) Any

TIS Tl

tiva TVA Ti

tivos (or Tov) Tivos (or Tov)

tivi (or TH) tii (or To)

PLURAL PLURAL

oitives aitives &tta (or &tiva) tivés TIv& (or &tTa)

ovotivas| c&otivas | &rra(or &tiva) twds Tive(or &tTa)

OTWV OVTIVOOV OTOV TIVOaV

OTOOV
SToIS alotion(v) OToIS Tioi(v)

6T1 is sometimes written 671 to distin-

guish it from the conjunction 6m, that.
21
 PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES

INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
INDIRECT INDEFINITE DEMONSTRATIVE RELATIVE

OUTOS, EKEIVOS

TOTEPOS ; OTTOTEPOS EtEpos OTTOTEPOS

: ToO1oddE
TWoios; OTTOLOS olos, OTroios
TOIOUTOS

TOOOaOdE
WOOOS; OTTOTOS 6005, OTrd6005
TOOOUTOS

PRONOMINAL ADVERBS

ev0dde ou, Otrou

evtauda, exei

éxeloe, SeUP0 of, Otro1

évOevde
OOev, OTrd0ev
evtevdev, éxei6ev

Se, oUTAS OS, OTTWS

TOTE OTE, OTTOTE

22
ADVERBS
Many adjectives form adverbs by changing the last syllable of the genitive singular into -ws,
€.2.:

piros (gen. p{Aou) pidws

THPPWV (gen. ca@ppovos) TWPPOVAS

TAEXUS (gen. taxéos ) TAX EWS

Adverbs so formed have a comparative which is the neuter SINGULAR of the comparative of
the corresponding adjective.
a superlative which is the neuter PLURAL of the superlative of the
. corresponding adjective.

TOPWTEPOV

1/510v

€aTTOV

UaAAOv yadtota

G&petrvov &piota

23
VERBS
THE VERB AUw = Loosen
ACTIVE

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present and Avo EAUOV Avo Avo

Imperfect Aves EAUES AUNS Avois
Ave éAve(v) Aun Avot

AveTtov éAUeTov AUnTtov AvoITov

AVETOV éAVETHV AUnTov » Avoitny

Avopev eAUOUEV AUopEV , Avoipev

AveTte éAUETE AUnte Avorte
Avouol(v) EAUOV Avooo1(v) Avoiev

Future Avo AVOoOIL

AvoEIS AVGOIS
Avoel Avoor

AUOoETOV Avoortov
AUoEeTov Avooitny

AUoopEv Avoolpev
Avoete AvoolTEe
AUoovo1(v) Avooiev

Aorist INU oxo4 Avow Avo

rINVorecy Avons AVGEIAS
éAvoe(v) Avon Avoeie(v)

etAVoaTOV AvVontov Avoaitov

EAuoaTHV AvonTov Avodithy

eAVOQEV AvowpEV Avoaipev

EAVOCTE AvonTe Avoaite
EAUoav Avowor(v) AUoElav

Perfect AEAUKa EAEAUKEIV (AeAuKdos dd) (AeAuKaos einv)

and AEAUKaS EAEAUKEIS
Pluperfect AéAuKe(v) EAEAUKEL etc.

AeAUKarToV EAEAUKETOV
AcAUKecrov EAEAUKETIV

AeAUKaEev EAEAUKELEV
AEAUKOTE EAEAUKETE
AsAuKaoi(v) EAEAUKECLV
 PASSIVE

INDICATIVE

PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present and Avopat éAUounv Avoiunv

Imperfect Ave1, AUT éAUOuU AvoIo
Aveta EAUETO Avorto

AveoBov tAUEo8ov Avoiobov

Aveobov éAvECONV Avoic®nv

Audpuebac éAudueba Avoipeba

Aveode éAUEeoOe Avoiob_e
AvovTat tAUOVTO AVoovTa AvoITO

Future Av6nooipnu
AvOrj\co10

Av6r\corTO

Autrcec8ov Av€rco1080v
Auéicecbov Avénodicbnv

Aubnodpeba Avénoolpebar
Avbnoeobe Avénoo1cb_e
AvOjoovTar AuéijcolvTo

Aorist EAUENV Aub Avbeinu

EAUONS Aveijs Audeins
éAUE Avi AvGein

EAUEN TOV AubijTov Auseitov

éAVETTHYV Auto Audet thy

EAUOnUEV Av8Gpev AuSeipev

EAUONTE Audi}Te AuGei te
EAUENoav Av6d5o1(v) AvGeiev

Perfect AgAULaL EAEAUNVY

and AéAvoal éAéAUaO
Pluperfect AéAuUTAaL éAEAUTO

AéAUCFOV éAéAUcPov
AéAuofov éAcAUO EnV

AcAupeba eAcAUUEOa
AéAvobe éAtAuobe
AéAUVTaL eAéEAUVTO
 MIDDLE

The middle employs the same forms as the passive, except in the future and aorist tenses.

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRIMARY Historic

Future Avooual Avooipnv

Avoei, Avon Avool1o
AvoETal AVooITO

Avoeotoy Avooicbov
Avoeotov Avooiotny

Avooucba Avooipeba
Avoca, Avoo1ode_
AvVoovTa Avooivto

éAvoauny Avowpat Avocdunv

tAUow Avon Avoalo
tAVoaTo Avontat Avoalto

tAUcacfbov Avonotov Avoatcbov

éAvodoOnv Avonotov Avoaio
ny

eAvoducba Avowmusta Avoaipeba

tAvoaotve Avonove Avoaiose
étAUoavTo AvowvTat AvoalvTto

26
 IMPERATIVES

ACTIVE MIDDLE PASSIVE

Present Ave Avou AvVou

Avétoo INU season) Avéoboo

Avete AveoGe Aveoe

Audévtov AvécPav Avéo Pav

Aorist AUoov Avoat AvOnT1

Auvoato Avoca toa Av81 To.

Avoote Avoaote AvOnTeE

Avodvtov AvodoPav AvdEvTooV

Perfect AEAUKE AgéAucO AgAUcO

AEAUKETOO AcAuobo AeAvoFoo

AcAUKeTE AéAvobe_ AéAuoFe

AeAuUKOvTOOV AgAvofoov AecAvoPoov

INFINITIVES

ACTIVE MIDDLE PASSIVE

Present Aveiv Aveo@Pai Aveo8at

Future Avoeiv Avoeotat Avénoeobat

Aorist AUoa Avoaca Aviva

Perfect *AcAUKEVal AcAvobat AcAvotat

 PARTICIPLES

ACTIVE PASSIVE
SINGULAR

Present Nom.| Avoov AVouvoE AUov AUOPEVOS Avovevn AuduEevov

Gen. AVovTOS Avovons AVovToS etc.

PLURAL

Dat. | Jovor(v) Avovoas Avouoi(v)

SINGULAR

Nom.| Avowv AvUoouCa

AVOOVTOS Auaouons AUGOVTOS

PLURAL

Dat. | Avoovo1(v) Avoouoais Avoouai(v)

SINGULAR

Aorist Nom.| Avoas Avoaca Avoav Auéeion

Avoavtos Avoaons AvoavTos Aubeions

PLURAL

Dat. | Avoaor(v) Avodoais Avoaoi(v) Aubeion(v) AuGeioais Avbeion(v)

SINGULAR

Perfect Nom.| AsAuKas AgAUKVIA9 AEAUKOS AeAuevy AeAULEvoV

Gen. | AEAuKdTOS AEAUKUIAS AEAUKOTOS

AeAuKoo1(v) AeAuKuIais AeAuKdo1(v)

MIDDLE
Present and Perfect as for the Passive Voice
Future vodpevos, Avoouevn, Avoduevov
Aorist Auoduevos, Avoauevn, Auoduevov

28
 CONTRACT VERBS
The present and imperfect tenses only are contracted, the vowel of the stem fusing with the
vowel of the ending.
In other tenses the a lengthens to n, € to n, o to w, and the normal endings are added.
I. a Stems
a and 0, ov, o = w
canden=a
1 becomes or remains subscript (except in present infinitive active viv).
ACTIVE vikée = conquer
INDICATIVE
OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

VIKGS tviKkoov VIKG VIKOOT|V

VIKOS évikas VIK&S viKaons
vik& tvika VIK& viKaon
VIKGPEV Evikdpev VIKGPeEv VIK GeV
VIKOCTE éviKocte vik&cTe VIKOSTE
vikdor(v) tvikoov vikdo1(v) vIK@ev

PARTICIPLE

ViKGOV viKooa VIKOV

VIK@VTOS vVIKwOTS VIKQ@VTOS

vik&o1(v) vikwoais — vikddo1(v)

PASSIVE vikdoo

INDICATIVE
OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

VIKOUAI EVIKOUNV VIKGUAL VIK@PNV

viK& éviko VIK& VIK@O
VIKETOL éVIKETO VIKQTAL VIK@TO
vik@peda EvIK@PEVa vikapetar vikapedac
vikcove évikaove VIKaOE vik@od_e
VIKOVTAL EVIKGOVTO VIKOVTAL VIK@VTO

IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE

VIKGO vikaobat VIKQPEVOS, VIKWHEVT, VIKGOUEVOV

vikdoto etc.

vikaove
vikdobov
 II. ¢ STEMS
€ and
€ = e1
e€and
o = ov
¢ 1s dropped before a long vowel or diphthong.

ACTIVE troigéo = make

SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

TOG éTTOIOUV TTO1GS Tro1oinv

TTOLEIS ETTOlEls TTOIT|S Tro1oins
TTOIEL éTroiel TTOIT) TO1OIn
TTOLOULIEV eTTOLOUEV TTOLG EV TTOLOILEV
TTOLEITE ETTOLEITE TOITTE TTOLOITE
Tro1ovo1(v) eTTOLOUV Tro1do1(v) TTOLOIEV

IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE

Troiel TTOIEIV TTOIGOV TTOIOUV

ToleiTo TTOLOUVTOS TTO1OVONS TTOIOUVTOS

TTOLEITE
TOLOUVTOOV Tro1ioUal(v) Troiovoais Tro1ovo1(v)

PASSIVE Tro1éc

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

TTOIOULAL ETTOLOUUNY TOLD Pal TOIOIUNV

Troll, Toit) ETTOLOU TOIT) TTO1OIO
TTOLEITAL ETTOLELTO TOINTAL TTOLOITO

Tro1loupEeta eTTOLOULEB TOLD PEOa Tro1oiteta

Troiciob_e eTTOLeLoOE Troifjove Tro1oiove
TO1OUVTGI ETTOIOUVTO TOIMVTAL TO1oivTo

IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE \ ,“

TTOLOU Troiioa TTOLIOULEVOS, TTOIOULEV, TTOIOULEVOV

Troieio boo etc.

Troiciove
Troleio Pov
 III. o STEMS
o and long vowel = w
o and short vowel = ov.
Any combination with 1 or 1 subscript (except present infinitive active S5ovAoUv) = o1.

ACTIVE S0uAdw = enslave

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

So0uAe &eS50vuAouv SouAe SovuAoinv

SovuAoisS E50vA0us SovuACiIS SovuAoins
SovuAoi e50UA0uU SovAoi SovuAoin
SouAoUpEV ESOUAOULEV SouAGdpEv SovAcipev
SovuAOUTE ESOUAOUTE SovAaGTE SovuAoite
SovAotoi(v) ES50vUAouV SouAdo1(v) SovuAoiev

IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE

SovAou SouAoUv SouAGv SouAoUca SovuAovUv

SOUVAOUTO SovAOUVTOS SouAovons SouAoUvtos
SouAouTE
SovAoUVTOV SovAotat(v) SovAovcais SouvAoUoI(v)

PASSIVE SovAde

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE
PRESENT IMPERFECT

SouAOUPaL éS5ouAouunv SovAa@pa SovuAoiunv

SovuAoi ES50vAou SOUAOCI SovAcIO
SouAoUTalL ES50UAOUTO SovAOTat SovuAcITO

SouAouuEba eS0vuAoupebar SovA@pEba SouAoipeba

SouAoUab_ ES50uAova_ SovAdov_ SovAoiove
SovAoUvTal ES5o0uA0UVTO SOVAGVTAL SovAcivto

IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE

SovAoU SovAovoPa1 SovuAoupEvos, SouAouUEVN, SouAOUPEVOV

SouAovaGw etc:
SouAovoFe
SovAoUaFav
 VERBS IN -iI
tifnu (Oe-) = place
PRINCIPAL PARTS
TiOnuI 6now Enka TEN Ka (té8e1p01) éTeOnv
KEIUL
ACTIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE
PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present : TiOhuL éti6nv TIGEinu

and TiOns étideis TiBEiNs
Imperfect Ti6no1(v) éTie1(v) T18ein

Ttidepev étideuev TIGGpev TIOEIpEV

TiGete étidete TIOTE T10eiTE Ttidete
T18€a01(v) étibeoav T18401(v) T10ciev TIDEVTOOV

EOnKa 865 Beinu

Geins
gonxe(v) ej Bein

— &&§evev Od5pyev Ocipev

— €eTe O7|\Te Oeite
e6nxav, ecav | Odoi(v) Geiev

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES

Present TiBevat éri8éunv TIOGpar TI8eiunv

and Tideoa étideco T1867 TIOEI0 TtiPeco
Imperfect TiPetat étideto TION TAL TIGEITO TIB€C86D

TiBEUEBa éri8gE8a TIB~pEeta TIBeipeba

Tibeobe étideobe TIOTjob_E T1IOcEIobe Tideobe
TidevTat étiPevto TIPGvTAI TIOEiVvTO TIPECB GOV

MIDDLE VOICE

Aorist Geiunv
Qcio
OciTto

Oeipeba
OcioGe
Oeivto
 toTnut (ota-) = set up

PRINCIPAL PARTS
SIMPLE
I. TRANSITIVE foTnut OTNOW foTnoa =— — totdOnv set up
II. INTRANSITIVE EOTIKA OTNOOPAL EOTTV — — — stand
(imp. elotrKeiv)

COMPOUND
I. TRANSITIVE &piornui é&trootnow drtotnoa — — émeotéddnv make
revolt
II. INTRANSITIVE &giotapat a&tootnoopa: dmréotny — — — revolt

ACTIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERATIVE
PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present ~ foTnul
and tots
Imperfect fotnoi(v)
loTapev ioTaipev
lotote iotaite
lot&o1(v) iotaiev

otainu
otains
otain
OTOILEV
OTAITE
oTaiev

eioTTKELV éotainv
eloTTKEIS etc. as
eliotn) KEt iotainv
Present and EOTAMEV
Imperfect EOTOTE
meaning EOTACAV

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES

foTapat iotaéunv ioTOpa iotaipny

loTacal fotaco Homa iotaio joTaco
foTatat foTtato toti\To1 totaito lotdo8o
iotdyeba iotdueba iotapeba iotaipeba
lotaoe lotacte iotijove iotaiofe iotaoe
foTavTal loTavTo totévtai totaivto iotdofov
 S{Sap1 (S0-) = offer
PRINCIPAL PARTS
Sider Sa00 E5WKa Sé5aoKa Sé50pa1 ESdOnv

ACTIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE
PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present Sido é5150uv

and Side &5i50us
Imperfect Sidwo1(v) S150 Tw

Sidouev d150ipev
Sidote Sido0ite dSidSo0Te
8180ao1(v) 5150iev 515d6vtTHVv

Soinv
Soins
doin

éSaKapev ESouEv Soivev

eSoxKate EesOTE Soite
ESwKav E50o0av Soiev

MIDDLE VOICE

Present Sidopai é5150unv Sidduar SiSo0ipnv

and Si50c0a1 515000 51509 5150710 SiS0c0
Imperfect SiS0Ta1 &5150TO Sid@TaI 5150iTo 815600

SiSdpe8a e5150yE0a SiScpeba SiSo0ipeba

Si500¢ e5i5o0o0e S15a@o00e dSidoicb_e 515000
SidovTat e5{5ovTo S1devtTai S150ivto S15d008av

Aorist
Soito

eS5ducOar Soipeba
ES5000¢ Soiobe
ES50vTO Soivto
 Seikvupi (Se1k-) = show
PRINCIPAL PARTS
Seikvup SeiEw eSeiEa Se5e1ya SeSeryuar ely Onv

ACTIVE VOICE

PRESENT IND. IMPERFECT IND. SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE

Selkvuu éd5eiKVUv SeikvUoo Seikvvoiyl

Selkvus éS5elkvus etc., as AUw | etc., as Aoi
Seixvuci(v) éSetkvu

Seikvupev éSeiKvUUEV
SeikvuTe €Seikvute Seikvute
Seikvuaci(v) éSeikvucay SeiKVUVTOOV

PASSIVE AND MIDDLE VOICES 5Seixvupi

Selkvupat éSe1KVUUNV SeiKvU@Ua Seikvuoipnv

Seikvuca ESeiKVUTO etc., aS AUcopar |etc.,as Avoiunv}| dSeikvuco
SeikvuTat é5eikvuTO Seikvuoba

SerkvupEta eSeikvupueta
Seikvuobe édeikvuobe Seikvuobe
SeikvuvtTa eéS5eiKVUVTO SeikvUoPaov

INFINITIVES OF VERBS IN -ul

The infinitives are formed for the tenses of the principal parts regularly as in Avw, except
for the following:

ACTIVE MIDDLE ACTIVE MIDDLE

Present TIBEVaL TiBeoAat Present S18d6vai dSid000a1

Aorist Oeivat Péofa1 Aorist Sovvat Sd00a1

Present iotd&vat Present | SerkvUvan | Selkvucbat

Aorist IT oTTva1

The present infinitives passive are the same as the middle.

35
 PARTICIPLES OF VERBS IN -pl

ACTIVE

Present Nom. Ti8e{5 TIOElon nTibév

Gen. TIDEVTOS TIElons TIBEVTOS

Dat. | ti8eioi(v) TiIPeloais Ti8¢io1(v)

Aorist SING. Nom. 6eis Ocion

etc., as above

Present Nom. lords logy

Gen. lotdvtos lotdvtos

Dat. | totaoi(v) lot&o1(v)

Aorist II Sina. Nom. otdas oTaoa otdv

etc., as above
Aorist I SING. Nom. otnoas oTnoaoa oticav
etc., regularly

Perfect Nom. EOTWS EOTHOa

Gen. &OTOTOS EOTMONS

Present Nom. 8180us Si50v0a 8156v

Gen. SiSdvtT0s Si80venNs S15d6vt0s

Dat. | &So0to1(v) S1S0voais §1S0Uo1(v)

Aorist SING. Nom. 8o0vs Sovca Sd4v

Present Nom, | Seixvus dSeikvuoa Seixvuv

Gen. | Seikvivtos Sekvuons SeikVUVTOS

Dat. | 8ewKvdo1(v) Seikvuoais Seikvuoi(v)

The other tenses in the principal parts form their participles regularly as Avo.
36
 PARTICIPLES OF VERBS IN -l

Passive . | TIOéLEvoS TIQEVEVT] TIGELEVOV

and etc
Middle : :
Present

Middle
Aorist Sic. Nom. Oéuevos Bepévn PEuEvov
etc.

Passive ; . | lotd&pyevos
and
Middle :
etc :
“Present

Passive é ; 515dpevos SiS0pevy diSdpevov

and a
Middle oe
Present

Middle
Aorist Sic. Nom. Sdyevos Sopévy Sduevov
etc.

Passive ; . | Semvupevos | Seikvupévn | Seikvupevov

and etc
Middle : :
Present

The other tenses in the principal parts form their participles regularly as Avw.

Ey,
 INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE IMPERATIVE
PRIMARY HISTORIC

Present and ‘ fy, 1

Imperfect foba
Tv

TMEV
E,
NTE
Toav

Future
éoel, Eon
EOTAL

EO OED
Eoeode
EOOVTAL

Infinitives Present elvan Participles Present | dv, ovoa, év, st. dvt-

Future Eoeo8an Future ETOLEVOS, TN, OV

efui = I shall go

FuTuRE INDIC. ImpF. INDIC. SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE

ite
Acooy, TIEoaV

Infinitive \évon Participle av, iotoa, tdv, st. tovt-

38
 olSa = I know

INDICATIVE

SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE

PRIMARY HISTORIC

olSa Fatoyen) eideinv

olaba 1 etc. as T10 etc. as Tideinv
olde(v)

iouev Thouev
lote Tote
ioaor(v) Hoav NSeoav

Infinitive eidévon Participle ciScs5, ciSvia, eiSds, st. eiSoT-

nui = I say

INDICATIVE

SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE

PRESENT IMPERFECT

etc. as iotd etc. as iotainu

Infinitive pavai Participle p&oxwv, -ouca, -oVv

FUTURE 9100 AORIST épnoa

39,
 inut (é-) = send
PRINCIPAL PARTS
inui Tow AKa elka eluant elOnu

ACTIVE VOICE

INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE OPTATIVE IMPERATIVE INFINITIVE
PRIMARY HIsToRICc

Present
and
Imperfect

Aorist

Present : iéunv
and leco
Imperfect leto

téucba
teode
levto

Aorist : pan eiuny

if elo
Ata elto

etc. as elc-as etc. as

Present Present Present
 CONSONANT STEMS

Verbs the stems of which end in consonants must adjust the consonants of the stems before
_ the consonants of the endings.

(i) Gutturals y, k, x.
(Among these are some common verbs whose present stem ends in tr and main stem
ends in a guttural, e.g. puAdttw, puAak-.)
SiaKw, 810€co, Biwa, Sedioya, SeSiwyyar, éeBicayOnv.

(ii) Dentals 5, t, 8.
(Among these are some common verbs whose present stem ends in 2 and main stem
in 5, €.g. KoAd Za, KOAGE-.
If such end in -12- and are of more than two syllables, the future is contracted: vouizw,
(vopid-) void.)
ty
treifo treiow EmreloMm TreTTEIKa TréTTEIOVAL etreio Ov.

(iii) Labials B, tr, 9.

(Among these are some common verbs whose present stem ends in tt and main stem
in B.)
BAcarta (BAaB-), PAcwoo, EBrAaya, PEeBAaga, PEBAouua, ePAaHPONv.
Note: Liquids A, u, v, p.
There is a second stem for each: the principal parts should be learnt of each verb
separately.
eyyédAw (ayysa-) cyyeAd ftyyeiAa iyyeAKa fyyeApor yyéAenv

Consonants are adjusted as follows:

Before o Before k Before 6 Before p Before T
(1) Any guttural becomes k becomes xy and becomes x becomes y becomes k
and forms € x disappears
e.g. TrPaEw TIETTPAX a eTrpay Env TIETTPCLY Wat TETTPOKTAL

(2) Any dental disappears disappears becomes o becomes o becomes o

e.g. Treiow TIETTEIKO eTreloOnv TIETTELOWCI TIETTEIOTAL

(3) Any labial becomes t becomes 9 and becomes 9 becomes yu becomes Tr

and forms y, « disappears
e.g. ypayo — yeypapa eypagpenv YEY POMNaI yéypatrran

In the perfect passive and middle the third personal plural is made of the perfect participle
and the verb ‘to be,’ e.g. tretrpaypévor eloi(v), tretmpayuéven eioi(v), Tempoayyueva éoti(v)
41
AUGMENT is a sign to show a historic tense of the indicative.

If stem begins with a consonant, « is prefixed,

e.g. Ave, imperfect EAvov, aorist ~Auoa, pluperfect éAcAU«elv.
N.B. p is doubled,
e.g. Pitrte, imperfect é61TTov, etc.
BowAouan, SUvayian, wEAAC, add either ¢ or n.
If stem begins with a vowel, this vowel is lengthened.
Thus: a or ¢ becomes n, e.g. present Goyw, imperfect jpyov aorist Mpa
i becomes i, e.g. IKETEUO, ikéTEUOV ikéTevoa
o becomes «, €.g. OIA, @yiAouv * apiAnoa
u becomes v, e.g. UBpiz«, uBaizov UBpiIoa
Diphthongs a becomes n, e.g. aivd, t\vouv fveoa
au or ev becomes nv, e.g. eUpioka, NNUPIOKOV nUpov
o1 becomes w, €.g. OiKTEI po, COKTELDOV COKTEIDA
Long vowels ov and as a rule «1 remain unchanged.
In some verbs beginning with ¢« the lengthening is to a, e.g.
é& (€aw), imperfect civ, aorist ciaca
EOTTOO, elptrov, elpTruca
EOYAZOUAL, eloyazouny, eipyaocaunv
ETTOUCL, elTrOuny, but aorist Eotréunv
EXO, elxov, but aorist géoyov
Irregular
oped (dpa), EwPv, aorist eldov

AUGMENT IN COMPOUND VERBS

The augment is inserted between preposition and stem, vowels at the end of prepositions
except Trepi and trpo being cut off.
elo-BaAAw imperfect eic-é-BadAov.
&tro-BaAAw, imperfect d&r-é-BarAov. at
Trepi-BaAAw, imperfect trepi-é-BaAAov
Trpo-BaAAw, imperfect tpo-é-BadAov (or TrpowBaAAov)
ék must change to 逧
éx-BoAAc, imperfect &-é-BaAdAov.
42
REDUPLICATION is the sign of perfect and pluperfect tenses in all moods.

Verbs normally reduplicate by repeating first consonant and inserting «,

e.g. AUw, perfect indicative A-€-Au-Ka.
If first consonant is an aspirate (8, 9, x), the corresponding hard letter (1, 1, k) is used for
reduplication, e.g. 6¥a — TéebuKa.

The method of augment is used for reduplication of verbs beginning with

(i) a double consonant (3, € w), e.g. ant (gntéw) perfect égntnka
(ii) two consonants (provided the second is not A, u, v, Pp), €.g. ated,
perfect éotépnKxa
(ili) p, e.g. Pitre, perfect EApipa
(iv) a vowel, e.g. &yyéAAw, perfect fyyyeAka.
In these 4 classes the reduplication is retained in all moods of the perfects, pluperfects and
future perfects, e.g. égntnKévat,

NOTE ON THE STRONG AORIST

Many verbs, especially those expressing common actions, use, as in English, a stem different
from the present stem to form the aorist tenses.
In the ACTIVE and MIDDLE voices these stems have the endings of the imperfect tense for
the indicative mood, for all other moods the endings of the present tenses,

e.g Tptxw, imperfect Etpexov, aorist ESpapyov, Spaue, Soauw, Seaport, Spaueiv,
Spayav, Spayotoa, Spayov
yiyvouai, imperfect éyryvouny, aorist éyevounv, yevoU, yevdsyar, yevoipny, yevéobat,
yevouevos, yevouevn, yevouevov

43
PREPOSITIONS
Accusative Genitive Dative

CUI of Gugi TOV 2wKPaTH

Socrates and his followers

ava TOV TTOTALOV

up [the] river

&vTi TroAguou eipnvnv eiAovto

they chose peace instead of war

(i) &tro Barats TOAU actréxel

T) TTOAIS
the city is a long way from the sea
(ii) &q’ itrtrou pdayeoban
to fight on horseback

Sia SuoKoAwTepos Sik Thy vooov (i) Padizeiv Sic tis dyopas
grumpier because of his illness to walk through the market-place
(ii) 51 dAtyou
after a short interval
(111) Sick piAias iévon Tivi
to be on friendly terms with someone

(i) eioégBadAov eis thy ’AttiKv

they invaded Attica
(ii) Euevov és Thy Ew
they waited until dawn
(iii) eis TeTPAKOTIOUS
up to four hundred

(i) &k Zraptns pevyei

he is banished from Sparta
(ii) &k tovtou
after this

(i) év TH udyn aréBavov

they died in battle
(ii) €v ToT
in the meantime
(iii) €v TH TrapdvTt
at present
 Accusative Genitive Dative
étri (i) iévoiétrl tows TroAguious (i) étti Teixous EoTH (i) OAs étti TH PaAaTTH
to march against the enemy he stood on a wall oiKOUPEVT
a city situated beside the
sea
(ii) étti TO TroAU (ii) TAeiv étri THs DikeAias (ii) étti ToUTOIS
for the most part to sail to Sicily on these conditions
(iii) Ep’ T)UOv
in our lifetime

KaT& (i) KaT& TOV TroTaLOV (i) GAAECOaI KATH THs TETPAS
down the river to jump down from the rock
(ii) Katé& yFv Kal KaT& (ii) A€yeiv Kat’ éuou
OaAraTtTav to speak against me
by land and by sea
(iii) KaT& TOV voyOV
« according to the law
(iv) TO Kart’ eye
so far as concerns me

yeTta UETA TAUTA wet”? EUOU

after this with me

TrApa (i) eiotéven Trapd TOUS (ii) Trap’ GAAou Séyeo8a1 = (ll), KaTTAAVEl TAP Gol
pidous to receive from somebody he lodges at your house
to go to one’s friends else
(ii) Trap& TOV TroTAaLOV
along the river
(iii) Trap& TOV voyoV
contrary to the law

Trepi (i) trepi thy TrdAw iévan (ii) Tepi ToUTOU é&yvod
to go round the city concerning this I am ignorant
(ii) of Trepi TOV ZwKpaTN (ii) Tepi TOAAOU Troieiobat
Socrates and his followers to consider of great importance

TPO TIPO THv TEelyav

in front of the walls

TTPOS (i) TPOs THY TAI iévon (i) Tpos Gedsv (1) Tpos TO Trupi
to go towards the city [in oaths] by the gods! by the fireside
(ii) Tpos Tata (ii) TOUTO TIPOs T}UdV EoTiV (ii) Teos ToWTOIS
therefore this is to our advantage in addition to this

ouv Geis
with the help of the gods
45
 Accusative Genitive Dative

UTTEP (i) Urrép Atyutrtov lovt1 — Uttép THis TrOAEws Ucryeo Ban
to one going beyond to fight for one’s city
Egypt
(ii) UTrép SUvapiv
beyond one’s power
Vaage) (i) étropevOnoav U1rd TO (i) Te UO Tis yis
TETXOS the things under the earth
they marched up to (and
under) the wall
(11) U1ro vuKta (ii) UTro ToUToOU ETrpayOn
at nightfall it was done by this man

1. Thucydides writes és. ds or Tapa, or pds + acc. is used before people, not eis.
2. Thucydides writes €uv.

The following improper Prepositions are so called because they are never used to compound
verbs or any other part of speech. All (with the exception of #s) govern the genitive.
. &vev &veu &koAovubou: without an attendant
éyyus éyyvs Ti\s TOAEws OiKeiv: to live near the city
EVEKa uloboU Evexa KoAakevetv: to flatter for a reward
tSfas)>< 3 WEXPI THs TroAEws SicdKelv: fo pursue as far as the city
TAT Travtes aré8avov TAT évos avdpds: all were killed except one man
=DwRwWn
CoS Trpeo Peis ETreupav ws EepEnv: they sent ambassadors to Zerxes

46
IRREGULAR VERBS
PASSIVE

Future Aorist Perfect Perfect

announce ayyernd Nyyeivaa TyysdKa Ny yeAvat Ny YEAGHY

lead &€oo hyayov Ayucn AXEonv
fons
hxa
raise apd Apa FpKer Apuca
aicSavopat
take
perceive
aiptow
aic8joopuar
efAov fipnkcx pnya
Hobnyat
Tpeony
novounv
&Kouc hear é&Kovooual T}KOUCa &KT}KOa T|KOVOYaI T)KOVOONV
G&AioKoLal be taken G&AWDCOUAI EGAwV EGAWKa
&YapTaveo be mistaken &UapToouat TIUAPTOV TUapTHKa TUATHA huapThény
-Baiveo
BaAAc
go -Broopar -€Bny BéBnKcr
throw -Bard EBadov BeBAnKa BeBAnuar éBANOnv
BowAouat wish BovAnoouat BeBovAnuat eBouaAnéeny
yiyvouay become yevtjooua éyevouny yeyova yeyévnuat
YlyvooKkw know yvaoouat Ey VOov EY VOOKA EYVWOUAL éyvaotnv
Sei must Setjoe1 edénoe
Suvaual be able Suvroopat SeSuvjyat eSuvnenv
eA drive EAC hAaoa EANACKa EANAQUAL NAGEHV
EPXOLAL come, go elu T\ABov EATAVOM
eupioKw find eupT}IoOw TNUpov nupnKa nue nat nupeony
EEw
EX have EOKOV EOKNKA -EOK QUAL
oXTISw
-OvfjoKe die -Bavouual -€8avov TEeOUKa
A-1KVEOUAL arrive &pigouar &piKounv agiypat
KOAEW call KaAG EKGAECa KEKANKa KEKAN UI
GaTO-KTEIVOO kill -KTEVO ~EKTELVO -EKTOVa
AauBaveo take Anwoua EAaBov eiAnga elAN Ua
AavOaveo escape the Anow EAaBov AEAOa -AEAN OVAL
notice of
AEYO AeEw
say eltrov elonka elpquar
-ryopevin Ito
Agito leave Agsiyoo EALTTOV AéAoITTa AéAcipo
pavOdvear learn uabry}oouat Evadtov peuaonKka
Loyola fight Lay oupat Euayeoaunv EU NYO
Uevod remain pevod Evelva
VOLize consider VOLO EvoOuloOa VEVOUIKa VEVOLIOUAL
-OA@AEKa
trans.
-OAAUUI destroy -oA -wAEoa
-OAWA
intrans.
OUVUUL swear OuouUUal @YUooa OUMUOKa
opaw see Syouat elS5ov EOPAKa EOpaya
TAOYK experience TrEi|COUG étraftiov TreTrOVOR
TTETTEIKA
trans.
Treifoo persuade Trelow ETTEIOM
TreTrOIOE
TTETTELO UAL
intrans.
 PASSIVE

Future Aorist Perfect Perfect Aorist

TrEUTTOD TrEWoo ETTEUYOa TETTOUDa TETTEUUCL ETreupOnu

TIT TTECOULAI ETTECOV TETTTOOKA
TIETTPOY.A
trans.
TPaTTO do Trpageo Etrpaga TIETTIPAY Ua eTrpaXOnv
TETIPOryY&
intrans. /
TruvOdvoya find out TTEUTOURL éTrusounv TETTUOUAL
oTéAAw despatch OTEAG EOTEIAG EOTAAKA EOTOAUCL EOTOATV
TPETTOO turn TPEYO ETPEYa TETPODa TETPALUGI éTpaTTNV
Tuyxavoo happen TEVEOPaL ETUXOV TETUXNKA
UToXVvEouat promise UTrooXT}ooLaL UTEOKOUTV UTrECK NaI
epavenv
gaiveo show paves Eprva TrEPAYKa TIEPACUAL
trans.
TrEepTVa Epavnv
intrans.
EPO carry oiow T\veyKa EvT|Vvoya evt}VEyUat AveOnv
pevyo flee pev§ouan Epuyov Trepevya
Epbaca
pbaveo anticipate poroopat EpbaKa
lipény
-pbeipco destroy -pbepd -Epbeipa -EpbapKa -epbapyat -epoaonv
gpoPéopat be afraid poBrnoopuat TrepoBrnuat epoBn Sv

48
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GREEK ACCIDENCE
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An Ouiline of 'Greek Accidence givesin brief<

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essentials are included, fr thede lensions of nouns and. ui
adjectives to numerals, adverbs, ‘the- CON) gations of verbs and |
the uses of Prepositions. It isa perfect h bookfor beginners.
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HK Usher s* Senior Classics Maserati College
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