ae [ FG ( L NALANDA VIDYA NIKETAN VIJAYAWADA PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT Name: Medasani Pujitha Class: XII-A1 Roll No: 20 ] Year: 2023-24 \\ F Y) = AL) \ [ ~X[ ZG TOPIC: To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil - depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/bulb in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency. wy ™~ [NXCERTIFICATE This is certify thatCadet_ 0 Roll.no: has successfully completed the project work entitled on the subject laid down in the regulations of the CBSE for the purpose of Practical Examination in Class XII to be held in NALANDA VIDYANIKETAN on Internal Examiner _[ G —_—= ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is my pleasure to express my deep sense of gratitude towards my subject teacher, Bhanu Prasad Sir for the valuable guidance, support and supervision that are considerably responsible for helping this project attain its present form. | wish to acknowledge my heartfelt thanks to our principal of our school, my parents and my friends who helped me to complete the project on time. Ye ~~ ixINDEX CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AIM APPARATUS THEORY AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM PROCEDURE OBSERVATION RESULT PRECAUTIONS SOURCES OF ERROR BIBLIOGRAPHY ; alololsfolalaloin]= oOi ZA INTRODUCTION: What is self-inductance? When an electric current is passed through an insulated conducting coil, it gives rise to amagnetic field in the coil so that the coil itself behaves like a magnet. The magnetic flux produced by the current in the coil is linked with the coil itself.As the strength of the current in the coil is changed, the flux linked with the coil also changes. Under such circumstances an emf is induced in the coil too. Such emf is called a self-induced emf and this phenomenon is known as self-induction.AIM: To study the factor on which the self inductance of a coil depends by observing the effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor (bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C. source of adjustable frequency. APPARATUS: A coil of large turns, A.C. source of adjustable frequency, an electrical bulb, (6V) A.C. ammeter of suitable range rheostat, a soft iron rod, one way key, connecting wires etc.THEORY: Self inductance is the property of a coil which opposes the change in current through it. The self inductance of a coil (long solenoid) is L = Hobe N7A l where u,=Relative magnetic permeability of magnetic material, ul Br =p N = Total number of turns in solenoid A = Area of cross-section of solenoid = length of solenoid.Hence, the self inductance depends upon: 1. No. of turns (N) , La N? 1 2. Geometry of coil, £* 4 £47 3. Nature of core material, L aw When an inductor is connected in series with a resistor (bulb) with a variable source of frequency, then current flowing in the bulb is I = Erms rms Zz Where Z= JR? +w*/? = Impedance of the A.C. circuit. Here, R = Resistance of the bulb L = Self inductance of coil W= 2nf= Angular frequency of A.C. source.The brightness of bulb i.e., Heat generated in the bulb is H=[2y.Zt P= yg VR? + wl? CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Coil B7 LAL, [ 4 = PROCEDURE: 1. Make all connections as shown in the circuit diagram. 2. Switch on the A.C. supply & adjust the current in the circuit by using the variable resistor ( R, ). 3. Record the current in A.C. ammeter & see the brightness of the bulb. 4. Now, put the soft iron rod inside the conductor core & record the current in A.C. ammeter & again check the brightness of the bulb. The current & brightness both decrease. 5. Now, switch off the supply & decrease the frequency of A.C. source (say 50 Hz). \ i6. Again switch on the supply & adjust the current in circuit at same constant voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the current in the ammeter & brightness of the bulb. The current & brightness both will increase. 7. Again insert the iron rod in the core of the coil & note the current & brightness. The current & brightness both decrease. 8. Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequencies of A.C. source. aOBSERVATION: 1, Least count of ammeter = 0.05 A. 2. Zero error of ammeter = 0 A. 3. Range of ammeter = 0-5 A. Current in ammeter ammeter with without iron iron rod in coil (A) rod in coil (A)RESULT: 1. The current in the circuit decreases on inserting the iron rod in the core of the coil at constant frequency of applied voltage & brightness of the bulb decreases & vice-versa. 2. The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of applied voltage & vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of the bulb increases.[ 4 y PRECAUTIONS: 1. The coil should have a large number of turns. 2. Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating effect. SOURCES OF ERRORS: 1. The resistance of the circuit may increase slightly due to the heating effect of current. 2. There may be eddy current in the soft iron coil. > { YI Si. ™ awY BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1) https://www.google.com/ 2) Physics NCERT Textbook for Class 12 3)https://www.wikipedia.org/ 4) http:/Avww.scribd.com/ 5) NCERT physics lab Manual Jp Si. =~ 1x