Stationary Transformer

Training Material
STATIONARY TRANSFORMER
TEST SYSTEM, TYPE WV
HIGHVOLT Prüftechnik Dresden GmbH

Content
▪ General description of transformer test system, type WV

▪ Technical Data
▪ System and Components
▪ Operation of the of transformer test system, type WV
▪ Safety Precautions
▪ Operation with the panel (BG 5)
▪ Troubleshooting
▪ Types of transformer tests
▪ Generals
▪ Measurement of no- load loss and current
▪ Applied voltage test
▪ Induced AC voltage test
▪ Measurement of short circuit impedance and load loss
16/02/2023 Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV 2
Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF
TRANSFORMER TEST SYSTEM,
TYPE WV

Main Technical Parameters
Single system1) Multiple systems in parallel
Active power kW 1000 or 1500 or 2000 up to 4000

Apparent power (converter) kVA 2000 or 3000 or 4000 up to 8000
limited by available
Reactive power (compensation) Mvar 12 - 200 (optional)
space on site
Max. Output voltage kV up to 80-200
Output frequency Hz 40 - 200
V 690 ± 10 %
Mains supply3) 4) 5) Hz 50/60 Hz ± 1 Hz
kVA about 125% of active power from stiff grid
1) Parallel operation possible
Example: WV 1500-3000/120 2) short time duty: 15 min ON /

2h OFF / 3 cycles per day
3) no current-operated earth-
▪ WV AC test system with static frequency converter 4)

leakage protection
The PD level at the mains
supply provided by the
▪ 1500 rated testing power (kW) customer should be < 500
pC.
▪ 3000 rated apparent power (kVA) 5) recommended mains

impedance / subtransient
impedance of generator ≤
▪ 120 rated output voltage (kV) in maximum voltage configuration 0.015 Ohm

System and Components
Power Supply
1 Static frequency converter
04
HV Circuit
2 Step-up transformer
Test
3 Filter/voltage divider
object
01 02 03 05 12 4 Capacitive compensation unit
5 Voltage/current transformers
12345 12345 12345 Control system

U P PD 6 Operator panel, PLC
6 7 09 10 11 7 Industrial computer
8 Remote Access Module
8 Measuring system
9 Peak voltmeter
10 Power analyzer
11 PD measuring system
Power connections
Communication/ measurement
Test object
12 Transformer

System and Components
Transformer Testing
Power Supply
A 1 Static frequency converter
2 B 4
HV Circuit
2 Step-up transformer
1
3 Filter/voltage divider
4 Capacitive compensation unit
C D 6 11 3 5 Voltage/current transformers
5
Control system
6 Operator panel, PLC
7 Industrial computer
8 Remote Access Module
A Power supply area
B Auxiliary building Measuring system
12
C Switchgear room 9 Peak voltmeter
D Control room 10 Power analyzer
E Shielded test hall 11 PD measuring system
F E
F Space for other test systems, e.g. for
impulse and separate source AC Test object
voltage tests 12 Transformer

OPERATION OF THE OF
TRANSFORMER TEST SYSTEM,
TYPE WV

Operation of the WV transformer test system
Safety precautions
▪ The test system shall only be installed, operated and repaired by a trained and authorized person, who is
familiar with the operating instructions.
▪ During the operation of the test system WV 2000-4000/200, a high voltage up to 200 kV will be
generated. An approach to any part of the high-voltage components could cause personal injury and
death.
▪ It is only allowed to approach to all high-voltage parts and connections of high voltage, when the input
power supply to the test system is turned off and all high-voltage parts are earthed and shorted.
▪ The test field should be protected by the external security loop. In addition, supervisors should observe
the entire test field during the test. If no external safety loop is available, the entire test field should be
closed off at least by tape or other good visible barriers).

Steps for preparation of transformer testing
1. Place Test Equipment

2. Install earthing
3. Ensure earthing of test system
4. Connection to the test object


2. Install earthing


2. Install earthing


2. Install earthing
➢ High-voltage terminal (behind HV filter) for induced
voltage test with PD measurement (maximum allowed
current according to filter rating)
➢ High-current terminal for all other tests

Operation of WV transformer test system
HiCOS Basic control HiCOS Advanced Control
▪ Control of one high voltage test ▪ Extends HiCOS basic with a computer
system control
▪ Manual and simple automatic test ▪ There are several options available
procedures (e.g. central data base, add. software
▪ Safety measures according to actual tools)
standards ▪ HiCO Advanced (Hardware) + iCOS
▪ HiCO Basic (Hardware) + iCOS Basic Advanced (PC Software)
(PLC Firmware)
Example: Example: Example: Example:

Hardware HiCO Basic BG8 E Firmware for AC test systems Hardware HiCO Advanced Software for AC test systems
with static frequency converters Industrial PC with static frequency converters
(iCOS Basic TT) (iCOS Basic TT)
16/02/2023 Mobile Transformer test system, Type WV 13

Manual control of
test voltage and
test frequency
Control of test
procedure
Settings and
actual values
switch to computer-controlled Turn the test system Home button, Test settings
operation [MODE PC] ON and OFF and Main Menue

▪ Safety Check of test field before

starting test
▪ Start Test / Hold Test / Stop Test
Automatic
- Open Disconnectors/Close Earthing

Switch Test Bay and apply earthing
rods
Start Test Hold Test Finish Test Shut down the Test System

Manual Operation
Hold Test
▪ Remains at actual test voltage

▪ Stops timer
▪ Manual soft keys will be enabled
Increase the test voltage Increase the test frequency
Decrease the test voltage Decrease the test frequency
Start Test
▪ Continue test

Operation with panel (BG8)
1. Connection of test object
2. Remove earthing rods and open earthing
switch, close disconnector
3. Select Test settings (5pages)
(test profile, test limits, tap changer)
4. Enter the test settings
(test voltage, test time, frequency)
5. Check test bay and safety loop
6. Perform the test sequence

1. Disconnector closed 2. Both earthing switches open





Mobile Transformer test system, Type WV
TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
TESTS

Power transformers - overview
Distribution Small power Medium power Large power
10 kVA...5 MVA 5 MVA...40 MVA 40 MVA...200 MVA > 200 MVA (...1500 MVA)
HV: 6...33 kV HV: ...145 kV HV: > 72,5 kV HV: ...765 kV (800 kV)
LV: 110...1000 V 3~ 1~/3~ 1~/3~
1~/3~
Distribution networks Distribution networks Step-up transformer for Generator step-up transformer
Low voltage network - networks Step-down transformer
- generators System interconnecting
On-shore wind farms
Off-shore wind farms
Increasing test power requirement

Why transformer testing?
▪ Part of the manufacturer’s quality assurance program

▪ Witness that transformer complies with customers specification/requirements
➢ Load and no-load losses → avoid contract penalty
➢ Dielectric withstand capability
▪ Relevant standards
➢ IEC 60076
➢ IEEE C57.12.90
➢ GOST (e.g. GOST 21023-97, GOST 3284.2-98)

Test sequence
1. Ratio, polarity and phase displacement

2. Resistance measurement
3. No-load test (followed, if specified, by the sound level test)
4. Load loss and impedance
5. Zero-sequence impedance (if specified)
6. Dielectric tests
▪ Switching impulse (if required)
▪ Lightning impulse (if required)
▪ Separate source AC voltage
▪ Induced voltage test including partial discharge

Measurement of winding resistance
Winding resistance
▪ Defined as pure DC-resistance of the winding in Ohm [Ω]

▪ Winding resistance R causes current dependent losses (P ~ I²R)
▪ Resistivity of conductor (copper or aluminum) is strongly temperature dependent:
Temperature rise of 25 K will result in resistance increase of ~ 10 %
▪ Precise measurement of resistance values of < 1 mΩ for low voltage windings

Purpose of Measurement
▪ Check of the manufacturing quality of windings and internal connections
➢ Preliminary test of winding before oil filling
➢ Final quality control at complete routine test in factory
➢ Field test for assessing possible damages
▪ Used to identify loose connections, broken strands of conductor and high contact resistance
in tap changers
▪ Indirect determination of average winding temperature after temperature rise test
▪ Resistance values are needed for recalculation of measured load losses to a certain
reference temperature (typical operating temperature of winding)

Principe of Measurement
▪ Temp equalization between winding and oil (3 to 8 hours after de-energizing)

▪ Test current:
➢ Maximum: < 10 % of nominal current to avoid inaccuracy caused by heating
➢ Minimum: > 1.2 times the magnetizing current crest value
▪ 4-wire connection is essential for compensation of resistance of test leads

▪ Time constant tau of inductance
▪ Measuring time at least 5 x tau

➢ 0.7 % residual error caused by inductive voltage drop
▪ Reduction of tau by increasing of RQ
➢ Current source
▪ Core saturation: Reduces L to less than 1/10
➢ IDC > 1.2 times the magnetizing current crest value
▪ Danger in case of interruption of DC circuit
➢ Caused by large amount of stored inductive energy

Ratio and vector group
Principe of measurement
▪ General check of correct winding count and interconnections

▪ Check of ratio deviation in all tap positions and combinations
▪ Check of engaging sequence of the tap changer
▪ Parallel transformer operation: Similar values are crucial

Two voltmeter method
▪ Applying test voltage (≤ 400 V) to HV side only (!)
▪ Measure each phase voltage HV/LV simultaneously
▪ Raise tap changer by one position and repeat test
▪ Care must be taken to ensure measuring accuracy
▪ IEC 60076-1: Maximum deviation of ratio value ± 0.5 %
Two voltmeter method

▪ Ratio value is directly compared to reference ratio
(reference transformer with equal vector displacement)
▪ Compensation method: Transformer is not loaded in balanced
condition (voltage compensation in bridge)
▪ Measuring uncertainty can be as low as ± 0.1 %

Example: Manual verification of vector group YNd11
▪ Connect 1U of HV and 2W of LV together
▪ Apply 400 V (3 ~) to HV terminals
▪ Measure voltages between terminals
2U-1N, 2V-1N, 2W-1N
▪ Also measure voltages between terminals
2V-1V, 2W-1W and 2V-1W
▪ For YNd11 transformer: Relations
2U-1N > 2V-1N > 2W-1N
2V-1W > 2V-1V or 2W-1W
▪ Other vector groups can also be checked
in similar way

Alternative: Automatic digital ratio bridge

Measurement of no-load loss and current
No-load loss No-load current
Represents total losses developed within Is the rms value of the current
the transformer at rated voltage without measured during the no-load loss
any load current flowing through the test
transformer

Purpose of measurement
Proof of guaranteed values during the acceptance test (avoid contract penalty)
▪ No-load loss is developed by the excitation of the transformer
▪ Represents a considerable amount of energy during the life-time of the transformer
▪ Gives an indication for the condition of the iron core

Harmonic compensation Application guide harmonic compensation
▪ if test current of the test ▪ 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonic voltage controller in negative sequence
object contains extreme ▪ 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonic voltage controller in positive sequence
high harmonic currents, the ▪ gain and integral time of these PI controllers are used for adjustment
test voltage will be deformed ▪ default values:
through the system output- “0” for the proportional gain and controllers
impedance, and the THD of 2000 ms for the integral time are disabled
the output voltage will Procedure
probably exceed the limit of 1. System should be started with a reduced parameter (60% ~
5% 80% of target test voltage)
▪ to improve the sinus-shape 2. Select compensation controller with higher voltage values
of the output voltage in this 3. Trial with a very small “Gain” of up to 0.1 (if the harmonic
case, the function of content increases use -0.1)
harmonic compensation is 4. Adjust parameter of integrator of the harmonic controller to
necessary 1500 ms (to minimize the related harmonic contents optimize
parameters gradually)
5. Increased voltage to test voltage with improved parameters

Direct high-voltage regulation (DHR)
▪ Further Improvement of the quality of the test voltage by
providing wave shape to Digital Control Unit (DCU) of the
Inverter
▪ DHR together with HC compensation minimizes the voltage
distortion caused by the inner impedances of the test system
▪ Step-up transformer has multiple taps (different voltage
ratio/vector group)
▪ Appropriate parameter set will be transferred automatically

▪ Start with over-excitation 1.1...1.15 Ur
▪ Measurements at 110, 100, 90, 80 % of Ur
▪ Supply voltage acc. to average reading
voltmeter
▪ 3 ~ units: Average reading of all three
windings
▪ No-load loss: Sum of 3 wattmeter readings
▪ Apply correction formula if test voltage
is distorted (different for IEC and IEEE) test object
AC source adaption measurement

U

Load losses and short-circuit voltage
Load loss Short circuit voltage
Represents total losses within the transformer The AC voltage that must be connected to one pair of
at rated current with the winding short- terminals of a transformer with another pair of terminals
circuited. Winding temperature equal to the shorted, which causes rated current to flow on the two
reference temperature (75 °C according to IEC sides of the transformer
or 85 °C according to IEEE)

▪ Proof of guaranteed values during the acceptance
test (avoid contract penalty)
▪ Current dependent load loss (P ~ I²) is second
important factor for operating expense during
full life cycle (> 25 years)
▪ Value of short-circuit voltage
➢ Limits value of fault current in case of short circuit
➢ Important for parallel operation (load current distribution)
▪ Deviation of measured losses to calculated values are generated by eddy
losses caused by leakage flux in mechanical parts and tank wall

▪ Short-circuit with adequate cross section
▪ Set proper value of reactive compensation
▪ Temperature measurement T of tank (Toil=TCu)
▪ Set voltage to reach nominal current (or 50 %)
▪ Recording of all meter reading (I, U, PV, T)
▪ Calculation of losses to nominal current and
reference temperature (75 °C according
to IEC or 85 °C according to IEEE)

EU MEPS (European Minimum Energy Performance Standard)
▪ Transformers have been identified as one of the ERP
priority groups with considerable energy saving potential
▪ Total losses originating from an existing fleet
of transformers amounts to approximately 100 TWh
annually. This corresponds to 40,000,000 t of CO2 emissions
▪ EcoDesign Directive 2009/125/EC of the European Parliament
▪ It lists maximum allowed losses or minimum allowed values of peak
efficiency index for dry type transformers up to 10000 kVA and for
liquid-filled transformers up to indefinite rating
MV transformer

Measurement of Zero-Sequence Impedance
Zero-Sequence Impedance, Z0
Test Object
▪ Z0 is measured at rated frequency between
the line terminals of a star-connected or 1W
zigzag-connected winding connected together,
I 2W
and its neutral terminal 1V 2V

U
1U 2U
▪ The Z0 can only develop in star-connected or
zigzag connected windings in three-phase
transformers

Test Object
Zero-Sequence Impedance, Z0 1W
I 2W
𝑈
Zero-Sequence Impedance: 𝑍0 = 3 ∙ 1V 2V
𝐼 U
𝑍0 1U 2U
Relative Zero-Sequence Impedance: 𝑧0 =
𝑍𝑏
▪ Necessary for calculation of network fault conditions

▪ Impedances in unbalanced three-phase system are different from those in balanced three-
phase systems
▪ Theory of symmetrical components can be applied to calculate unbalanced three-phase
systems like balanced three-phase systems
▪ Knowledge of positive/negative sequence impedance and Z0 is precondition

Test Object
Principle of measurement 1W
I 2W
▪ Measurement at rated frequency
1V 2V
▪ Active part has to be in the tank U
▪ Measuring current not higher than 30 % of Ir 1U 2U
▪ Higher currents up to Ir are only permitted for a

few seconds
▪ Applied voltage less than normal phase-to-
neutral voltage
▪ Different neutral- and network conditionsrequire test object
AC source adaption measurement
different (sometimes multiple) test circuits and
measurements U
V
N
W

Three basic types of Z0
No-load type Reactor type Short-circuit type
Z0 equal to impedance of a closed Z0 equal to impedance of an open Z0 equal to impedance of a shorted

magnetic circuit (e.g. unloaded magnetic circuit (e.g. iron core with air transformer
transformer) gaps)
Magnetic flux circulates in the Magnetic flux circulates partly in the iron Current in delta-winding balances
magnetic circuit core → return path is in air ampere-turns completely
Z0 strongly depends on supply voltage Z0 almost independent on supply Z0 independent of supply voltage
voltage
z0 is high: 104…105 % z0 ≈ 100 % z0 ≈ 10 %
Example: 3 ~ transformer bank with Yy Example: three-limb transformer with Example: three-limb transformer with
vector group and without delta winding vector group Yy vector group Dy
(not allowed)

Separate source AC withstand test -
purpose of test
DUT
▪ To verify the integrity of the „main insulation“ of DUT (Device Under Test)
„ Main insulation“ - all connections to each other and to earth
▪ Between two windings (major insulation - Cw),
▪ Between winding(s) and earth (end insulation - CE)
The test is successful if the test voltage does not collapse

purpose of test
DUT
▪ Secondary windings of current transformers must be short-circuited and earthed

▪ Buchholz-relay and all bushings must be degassed
▪ No surge arresters and no bushing arcing horns
▪ Smooth external electrodes are absolutely necessary
▪ Protection sphere-gap against dangerous over-voltages
▪ Environmental conditions (climate correction)

practical examples
Transformer principle
V1 : V2 = w1 : w2
V2
V1
Test transformer Divider Test object

w1; w2 CD CO; RO

practical examples
f Resonant principle
f
S
Q=
P
Utest
Q=
Uexc
S = testing power
P = feeding power
The quality factor Q depends on the load:

Basic load: Q is low
Higher load: Q is high
Range: approx. 30 - 100

Induced voltage test - purpose of the test
▪ To verify AC withstand strength of each line terminal and its connected winding(s) to earth and
other windings of DUT (Device Under Test)
▪ It also verifies the withstand strength between phases and along the winding(s) under test
(turn-to-turn insulation)
AC test system with static frequency converter
The test is successful if no breakdown occurs at full test voltage during test
Induced voltage test - test circuit and hints
Ls Compensating reactor
(possibly variable)
DUT Device Under Test (transformer)
C Equivalent capacitance of DUT
R Active resistance of DUT
LFe No-load inductance of DUT
Static frequency converter (or M-G-set)
Up Test voltage
DUT
IG Generated test current
▪ Primary winding of transformer open circuited
▪ Apply three phase voltage to the secondary winding
▪ Applied voltage should be twice the rated voltage of secondary winding in magnitude and frequency
▪ Duration of test shall be 60 seconds
▪ Test shall start with a voltage lower than 1/3 of the full test voltage and quickly increase up to desired
value
▪ For transformers with Um above 72.5 kV additional PD measurement is required for 5 min before
and 1 h after the induced voltage withstand test at 1.58 times the rated voltage
Induced voltage test - test circuit and hints
▪ Since the test voltage Up for the induced voltage test is often higher than twice the rated
voltage, the test frequency must be at least doubled to avoid over-excitation of the iron core
f
f

Induced voltage test - for three- and single-phase
transformers according to IEC and IEEE Standards
▪ IVW - Induced voltage withstand test
▪ IVPD - Induced voltage test with PD measurement
▪ LTAC - Line terminal AC withstand test
Induced voltage test with PD measurement

▪ To verify guaranteed temperature rises for oil and windings
▪ It may also be used to establish possible hot-spots (inside and outside the windings)
▪ Especially for transformers with high stray fields (e.g. power transformers
> 300...500 MVA or auto-transformers )
Methods Measured Values

▪ Short-circuit method ▪ Ambient temperature
(done in most laboratories) ▪ Top-oil temperature
▪ Back-to-back method ▪ Bottom-oil temperature
▪ Hot-spot temperature, hottest winding temperature
(if fiber optic sensors are installed)
The test is successful if the temperature gradients of oil, windings and hot spots do not exceed the
max. allowed value according to standard

Temperature rise test - test circuit and hints
Short-circuit method
The short circuit method test is carried out in two steps and resistance measurement
▪ Total loss injection, to get the top-oil temperature rise
▪ Rated current injection, to find the average winding temperature rise
▪ Resistance measurement

Temperature rise test – practical examples and
hints

SPECIAL OPERATION MODES

Special operation modes
Operation modes
▪ Three-phase operation (3~, 3~ mode)
▪ Single-phase operation (1~, 1~ mode)
▪ Single-phase operation (1~, 3~ mode)
▪ Two-phase operation (2~, 3~ mode)

Three-phase operation (3~, 3~mode)
▪ CFI in 3~ mode
▪ Phases U, V and W monitored
▪ [U out], [U test] und [U dhr]
permitted
▪ 3-phase connected to test object

Single-phase operation (1~, 1~ mode) Single-phase operation (1~, 3~mode)
▪ CFI in 1~ mode ▪ CFI in 3~ mode
▪ Phases V monitored ▪ Phases U, V and W monitored
▪ Only [U out] and [U test] permitted ▪ Only [U dhr] permitted
▪ 1-phase connected to test object ▪ 1-phase connected to test object
▪ 1st negative sequence controller enabled

Two-phase operation (2~, 3~mode)
▪ CFI in 3~ mode
▪ Phases U, V and W monitored
▪ Only [U dhr] permitted
▪ 2-phase connected to test object
▪ 1st negative sequence controller enabled

(*1 – Utilization of DHR control and 1st harmonic controller is mandatory for proper operation of the test system
(*2 – Due to resonances / oscillations in the test circuit the application of HC controller for the 3rd / 5th / 7th component may be necessary
(*3 – DHR control in 1~ SFC-mode not possible
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YOUR COMMENTS AND
QUESTIONS.

Maintenance
Calibration of the voltage measuring system
▪ The standard IEC 60060-2 recommends a recalibration of a measuring system after 1 year. (At
least after 5 years)
▪ The time interval of recalibrations has to be determined by the user of the system under
consideration of the conditions of use.
▪ On the basis of HIGHVOLT experiences about the long term stability of HIGHVOLT measuring
systems we recommend a time interval of recalibrations of 2 years under the condition, that the
stability of the measuring system is proved by performance checks in appropriate time intervals
in dependence on the intensity and the conditions of use.

Maintenance
Calibration of the voltage measuring system
▪ Power calibration by application

of voltage and current at the
same time

Troubleshooting
Global test system errors Quit by pressing button

Examples:
YOUR COMMENTS AND

Errors message can
be requested by the
- overvoltage (HV)
- security loop
Reported to system via profibus
Appears as “Check error state

diagnosis inverter”
QUESTIONS.
system via profibus
Errors message can
→ Diagnosis rectifier be requested by the
system via profibus
→ Diagnosis inverter
Reported to inverter DCU by contact
Errors detected Errors detected
by rectifier DCU Appears as “external fault” by inverter DCU
Examples: Examples:
- state of the fuses incl. - overcurrent inverter

main switch - Skiip overtemperature
- supervision of fans - overvoltage inverter
Quit by pressing button in

Measurement
▪ Voltage measurement with the AC/DC peak voltmeter MU18
Divider
Setting
according to
Calibration
Certificate
MU18 device
Press in order to validate the function of the

peak voltmeters (5 V peak should be displayed)

Selected standard insulation levels for the range
1 kV < Um ≤ 245 kV (IEC 60071-1:2006)
Um /kV (rms value) AC test voltage UAC /kV LI test voltage ULI /kV
3.6 10 20; 40
12 28 60; 75; 95
24 50 95; 125; 145
36 70 145; 170
72.5 140 325
100 (150); 185 (380); 450
123 (185); 230 (450); 550
145 (185); 230; 275 (450); 550; 650
170 230; 275; 325 550; 650; 750
245 (325); 360; 395; 460 (750); 850; 950; 1050

Selected standard insulation levels for the range
245 kV < Um ≤ 1200 kV (IEC 60071-1:2006)
SI phase-to-earth SI phase-to-phase* LI test voltage
Um /kV (rms value)
UtSI /kV UpSI /kV ULI /kV
300 750; 850 1125; 1275 850; 950; 1050
362 850; 950 1275; 1425 950; 1050; 175
420 850; 950; 1050 1360; 1425; 1475 1050; 1175; 1300; 1425
550 950; 1050; 1175 1615; 1680; 1763 1300; 1425; 1550
800 1300; 1425; 1550 2210; 2423; 2480 1675; 1800; 1950; 2100
1100 1550; 1675; 1800 2635; 2764; 2880 2100; 2250; 2400; 2550
(Amendment 1:2010)
1200 1675; 1800; 1950 2848; 2970; 3120 2100; 2250; 2400; 2550; 2700
(Amendment 1:2010)

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Training Material

HIGHVOLT Prüftechnik Dresden GmbH

▪ General description of transformer test system, type WV

16/02/2023 Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV 3

Single system1) Multiple systems in parallel

Active power kW 1000 or 1500 or 2000 up to 4000

1) Parallel operation possible

Example: WV 1500-3000/120 2) short time duty: 15 min ON /

▪ WV AC test system with static frequency converter 4)

▪ 3000 rated apparent power (kVA) 5) recommended mains

16/02/2023 Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV 4

12345 12345 12345 Control system

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16/02/2023 Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV 8

1. Place Test Equipment

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1. Place Test Equipment

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1. Place Test Equipment

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1. Place Test Equipment

➢ High-current terminal for all other tests

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Example: Example: Example: Example:

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▪ Safety Check of test field before

- Open Disconnectors/Close Earthing

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▪ Remains at actual test voltage

Increase the test voltage Increase the test frequency

Decrease the test voltage Decrease the test frequency

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1. Disconnector closed 2. Both earthing switches open

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Increasing test power requirement

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▪ Part of the manufacturer’s quality assurance program

16/02/2023 Stationary Transformer test system, Type WV 25

1. Ratio, polarity and phase displacement

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▪ Defined as pure DC-resistance of the winding in Ohm [Ω]

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▪ Temp equalization between winding and oil (3 to 8 hours after de-energizing)

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▪ Measuring time at least 5 x tau

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▪ General check of correct winding count and interconnections

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Two voltmeter method

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No-load loss No-load current

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