PROFORMA FOR OUTLINE OF RESEARCH WORK (ORW)

1 Name : Sarvesh JP

2 Campus : AC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore

3 Degree : M.Sc. (Ag.)

4 ID No : 2022504011

5 Subject : Agricultural Economics

6 Date of joining : 07.01.2023

7 Title of the Research Project : Economic valuation of ecosystem services of

the wetland - A case study of Vellode Bird
Sanctuary
8 Duration : One year (Full time)

9 Location : Coimbatore

10. Introduction/ Background of research:

Wetland ecosystems play a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth by providing a myriad of
ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being and ecological balance. These
ecosystems serve as vital reservoirs of biodiversity, playing an integral role in nutrient
cycling, water purification, flood regulation, and providing habitats for diverse flora and
fauna. Recognizing the ecological and economic significance of wetlands has become
imperative in the face of rapid environmental changes and growing human demands on
natural resources.
The Vellode Bird Sanctuary, situated in Erode district of Tamil Nadu stands as a testament to
the rich biodiversity and ecosystem services inherent in wetland environments. As an integral
part of the region's landscape, this sanctuary not only supports a diverse array of avian
species but also serves as a reservoir for numerous ecosystem services critical for the
surrounding communities.
Given the escalating pressures on these ecosystems from urbanization, agricultural expansion,
and climate change, understanding the economic value of the ecosystem services provided by
the Vellode Bird Sanctuary becomes paramount for informed decision-making and
sustainable management.
The global recognition of the importance of wetlands was initially spotlighted during the
Ramsar Convention, convened in the Iranian city of Ramsar and signed on February 2, 1971.
Notably, the Ramsar Convention stands as the sole international legal treaty specifically
dedicated to wetlands.
The Ramsar Convention currently boasts 171 contracting parties, encompassing a collective
commitment to the preservation of 2,392 wetland sites. These designated sites, totaling 253
million hectares, form the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance. Notably, India
holds the highest number of Ramsar sites in South Asia, with a total of 46 wetland areas
recognized under the convention.
Wetland loss has been faster (3.7 times) in the twentieth and early twenty- first centuries,
with 64–71 percent of wetlands lost since 1900 AD (Davidson, 2014).
Vellode Bird Sanctuary provincially known as Periyakulam Eri is one among the 141
Prioritized wetlands in Tamil Nadu. The wetlands have been evaluated and prioritized state
wide considering factors like size of the wetland, unseasonal bird counts, and records of
breeding and roosting colonies. The Sanctuary was notified during the year 2000 and sprawls
in an area of 77.185 ha.
Vellode Bird Sanctuary is located between 11°15'20" N to 11°04'50" N latitude and
77°38'40'' E to 77°39'30'' E longitude and covers an area of 77.185 ha (0.77 sq.km) in
Perundurai Taluk of Erode District.
This study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by comprehensively
evaluating the economic worth of ecosystem services in the Vellode Bird Sanctuary. By
employing rigorous valuation methodologies, we seek to quantify the contributions of the
wetland ecosystem to human welfare and, consequently, provide insights into the broader
implications for conservation and sustainable resource management.
Furthermore, the research endeavors to identify potential threats to these ecosystem services
and proposes mitigation measures in alignment with the call for proactive conservation
strategies (Daily et al., 2000).
Possible justifications for selecting Vellode Bird Sanctuary include:

 Vellode wetlands represent a epicentre of biodiversity of migratory birds, fishes etc..,

offering a unique and diverse ecosystem. By directly studying these wetlands, I aim to
explore the intricate relationships among various species, contributing to our
understanding of biodiversity dynamics within wetland ecosystems.

 Vellode wetlands provide a myriad of ecosystem services, from water purification to

habitat provision. Investigating these services in a specific context allows for a more
detailed examination of the tangible benefits wetlands offer, contributing valuable
insights for sustainable resource management.

 The selection of Vellode wetlands is grounded in their importance on both local and
global scales. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological and economic
 significance of this specific wetland not only contributes to regional conservation
initiatives but also enriches our broader understanding of wetland ecosystems and
their pivotal role in advancing global environmental sustainability.

 Directly delving into Vellode wetlands enables the exploration of practical

conservation implications. The findings from this study can be directly applied to
formulate effective conservation and management strategies, addressing the unique
challenges and opportunities presented by Vellode wetlands.

 By focusing on a specific wetland ecosystem like Vellode, the research aims to raise
awareness about the significance of wetlands in the local community. This localized
approach enhances educational outreach and fosters a sense of environmental
stewardship, promoting the importance of wetland conservation at both the
community and broader societal levels.
This supports a large number of resident and migratory birds. This area has been regularly
receiving visitors to view the various migratory and native birds visiting and nesting here.
The tank supports the fringe villagers for agriculture practices.
The total area of the Vellode Bird Sanctuary is 77.185 ha. It comprises of 75.935 ha. of
Periyakulam Eri in S.F. No. 584 and 1.250 ha. of Odai Poramboke in S.F. No. 503 in
Vadamugam Vellode village.
This Birds Sanctuary is situated 12 Km away from Erode on the Erode- Chennimalai main
road and is easily accessible by road. The Sanctuary can also be approached from
Chennimalai (10 Km) via Vellode, from Coimbatore 85 Km via Perundurai (Nearest Airport).
V.Mettupalayam or Vellode village is easily accessible by road and a small diversion road
provides an easy approach to the Sanctuary.
11. Review of work done:
Wetland:
Wetlands are defined as ‘Lands transitioning between terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems
where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water
(Prasad et al, 2002). Wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water for all the year
or for few months. It is a vital ecosystem on the planet that offers incalculable benefits to
humanity (Adger et al., 1995).
Wetlands are characterized as areas of swamp, fen, peatland, or stream, whether natural or
artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is stagnant or flowing, fresh, brackish, or
salt, including areas of marine water with a depth of less than six meters at low tide (Ramsar
convention, 1971).
This ecosystem is considered as the most biologically diverse of all ecosystem, providing
habitat to a wide number of plant and animal species (Mitsch and Gosselink, 1993). They
play a critical role in local and global water cycles, as well as the they are the link between
water, food, and energy; their protection is a challenge for our community in the sense of
long-term sustainability (Clarkson et al., 2013).
India has a wealth of wetlands, that support a wide range of ecosystem services. It maintains
numerous and distinctive wetland ecosystems due to its varied terrain and climate regimes
(Bassi et al., 2014). SAC's National Wetland Atlas 2011 is the most recent inventory of
Indian wetlands.
The entire country was assessed, and a total of 201,503 wetlands were discovered and
mapped at a scale of 1:50,000 (SAC, 2011). Out of this, area under inland wetlands accounts
for 69%, coastal wetlands 27%, and other wetlands (smaller than 2.25 ha) 4% (SAC, 2011).
In terms of average area under each type of wetland, natural coastal wetlands have the largest
area.
Case Study: Vellode Bird Sanctuary
Ecosystem valuation in the Vellode Bird Sanctuary is a complex process due to the diverse
range of services it provides. The sanctuary plays a crucial role in buffering during floods and
extreme rainfall, and is a significant source of groundwater recharge.
(https://www.tnswa.org/vellodes)
It also enhances crop yields through bird excreta. The sanctuary is part of an important
migratory bird flyway and supports threatened species.
(https://saconenvis.nic.in/e_bulletin_dec_2014_files/vellode.html)
Importance of Economic valuation
In the sense of the environment, economic valuation refers to determining desires of people
for a "public good" (that is the WTP, to conserve biodiversity). The valuation method is
inherently anthropocentric (Randall, 1988).
The attempt to assign quantitative values to the products and services offered by
environmental resources is known as economic valuation. The economic value of any good or
service is usually determined by how much we are willing to pay for it, minus the cost of
production (Babu et al., 2002).
According to Barbier (1993), Economic valuation of tropical wetlands is an important field
for furthering our understanding of the role of natural systems in economic growth. Too
frequently, planning decisions are taken without considering the economic consequences of
wetlands modification and conversion. The costs of such decisions are always visible, with
irreversible effects, and they are borne by those in developed economies who can least afford
them.
As per Pascual and Muradian (2010), valuation exercises should preferably accept the
existence of alternative, sometimes contradictory valuation paradigms and be clear about the
valuation paradigm and assumptions used.
Ecosystem services can then be compared to those in other industries and factored into
decision-making processes. In addition to attempt to internalize externalities and to protect
effective decisions, economic valuation of ecosystems serves a variety of other purposes
(Korsgaard and Schou, 2010).
Total Economic Valuation:
Natural ecosystem conservation initiatives in developing nations are limited by the lack of
resources and imbalance of information. Furthermore, the distribution of public funds is
usually insufficient since the economic value of these resources is not taken into account
when making decisions. Economists face a challenge in determining the Total Economic
Value (TEV) of natural resources in order to aid decision-making and raise public awareness
(Adger et al., 1995).
Total economic value (TEV) is a commonly used and widely accepted method for classifying
and attempting to incorporate wetland economic benefits into decision-making (Emerton,
2016). TEV's main breakthrough is that it considers subsistence and nonmarket values,
ecological functions, and non-use advantages in addition to industrial and extractive values.
TEV is used to solve the issues that have plagued traditional economic analysis and decision-
making due to the undervaluation of wetland benefits (Jenkins et al., 2010).
Environmental values can be divided into two categories: use values and non-use values. The
direct use of a wetland goods, such as the use of fish for food, the use of trees for fuel wood
or as a building material, and the use of water for drinking, cooking, and washing, recreation,
agriculture etc. (Schuyt and Brander, 2004).
The word "TEV" first became popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s (Pearce et al., 1989).
TEV recognises not only commercial or extractive values, but also nonmarket and
subsistence values, ecological functions, and non-use benefits. Looking at a TEV wetland
entails considering all of its characteristics as an interconnected system – its resource stocks
or properties, flows of environmental resources, and the ecosystem's overall attributes
(Barbier, 1994).
 Using the Total Economic Valuation method, value provided by ecosystems can be classified
as direct use value, indirect use value, Option value, bequest value and existence value
(Turpie et al., 2010)
12. Rationale:

 The study centers around the "Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services of Wetland
Ecosystem," with a specific emphasis on the Vellode Bird Sanctuary.

 The chosen topic holds paramount importance within the realms of environmental
conservation, sustainable development, and economic decision-making.

 Wetland ecosystems, exemplified by the Vellode Bird Sanctuary, are highlighted for
their crucial role in providing diverse ecosystem services such as water purification,
flood control, and habitat support for flora and fauna.

 The research aligns with the global discourse on ecosystem service valuation, drawing
inspiration from pioneers like Costanza et al. (1997), who pioneered the estimation of
the economic value of the world's ecosystems.

 The study aims to contribute to this ongoing conversation by providing a localized

and nuanced economic valuation specific to wetland ecosystems, using the Vellode
Bird Sanctuary as an illustrative case study.

 Established valuation methods like contingent valuation and hedonic pricing will be
employed to generate robust economic data, informing decision-makers, conservation
practitioners, and local communities about the tangible economic benefits derived
from the Vellode Bird Sanctuary's ecosystem services.

 Beyond academic significance, the research's findings may have broader implications
for promoting the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands, aligning with the
objectives of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and
Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The economic valuation aims to illuminate the
interdependence between ecological health and economic prosperity, providing
insights for theoretical debates and practical conservation efforts.

13. Objectives:

 To identify and categorize the various ecosystem services provided by the Vellode
Bird Sanctuary and assess their relative importance.
 To estimate the Total Economic Value (TEV) of Ecosystem services provided by the
bird sanctuary.
 To identify and analyze potential threats to ecosystem services within the Vellode
Bird Sanctuary wetland ecosystem and formulate effective mitigation measures to
safeguard and enhance the sustainability of these services.
14. Broad outline of work / methodology :
Nature and Sources of Data
The research encompassed both primary and secondary data collection methods. Direct
personal interviews emerged as the most effective means for gathering data, ensuring the
acquisition of reliable information.
Given the diverse array of services provided by the Vellode Bird Sanctuary to various
stakeholders, personal interviews were deemed the most suitable approach for comprehensive
data collection. Standardized and pretested interview schedules were utilized to collect
primary data from different stakeholders.
The questionnaire, divided into two parts, facilitated the collection of information on various
aspects. The first section encompassed the socioeconomic status of respondents and basic
information shared by all participants.
For the second section, stakeholder-specific schedules were tailored for each category.
Responses were collected in a descriptive manner to capture qualitative aspects. A dedicated
tourist interview schedule was developed to gather information from tourists.
Secondary data and necessary values will be gathered from various universities and
government departments. Different published reports were also referred.

 Tamil Nadu State Wetland Authority (TNSWA)

 Erode Municipal Corporation
 Tamil Nadu Forest Department
 Department of Tourism Development (Tamil Nadu)
 Erode Forest Division Office

Category Description Potential Valuation Methods

Provisional The sanctuary provides Market pricing, production
drinking water and fish to function
local communities. The
irrigation water is enriched
by bird droppings,
enhancing crop yields for
farmers from the fringe
villages
Regulating The wetland plays a primary Replacement cost, damage
role in buffering by acting as cost avoided
a sponge during events of
floods and extreme rainfall.
It is a major source of
groundwater recharge
Cultural The sanctuary is part of an Travel cost, contingent
important migratory bird valuation
 flyway (central asia flyway).
It supports more than 20,000
water birds which includes
both resident and migratory
birds such as terns, ibises,
egrets, herons, storks,
pelican, ducks, cormorants,
small waders
Supporting The sanctuary provides a Habitat hectare, opportunity
habitat to innumerable cost
resident and migratory bird
species. The availability of
abundant feed in the tank
and in the neighbouring
agricultural fields makes it
an ideal habitat for the birds

List of Ecosystem Services in Vellode Bird Sanctuary with it’s Valuation Method

Ecosystem Service Description Potential Valuation

Methods
Biodiversity The sanctuary provides a Stated Preference
Conservation habitat to innumerable Methods
resident and migratory bird
species
Water Regulation The wetland plays the Avoided Cost
primary role of buffering by Method/Replacement
acting as a sponge during Cost Method
events of floods and
extreme rainfall.
Groundwater Recharge It is a major source of Replacement Cost
ground water recharge Method/Travel Cost
Method
Crop Fertilization The crop yields are Factor Income
enhanced by guano (bird Method
excreta) produced by the
migratory and resident
birds.
Recreation and Tourism The sanctuary attracts bird Travel Cost Method
watchers and nature
enthusiasts.
Carbon Sequestration The wetland sequesters Social Cost of
carbon, thus helping in Carbon/Benefit
 climate regulation. Transfer Method
Waste Treatment The wetland has the ability Replacement Cost
to filter and detoxify wastes. Method
Erosion Control The vegetation in the Replacement Cost
sanctuary helps in Method
controlling soil erosion.
Habitat Provision The sanctuary provides Stated Preference
breeding and nesting Methods
grounds for birds.
Education and Research The sanctuary serves as a Contingent
site for environmental Valuation Method
education and research.
Fishing The sanctuary provides a Market Pricing
habitat to innumerable fish Method
species

Valuation approaches
The various valuation approaches were used for valuation of different ecosystem services.
The different approaches used for study are explained below:
Wetlands provide various direct products to mankind. Market prices of these direct outputs
produced were used to monetize economic values of products.
Costs associated with various crops and fishing were gathered from various stakeholders and
market sources. The profits from direct activities were measured using the market price of the
produce and the net returns from farming and fishing.
n
TEV =∑ E Si
i=1

 TEV is the Total Economic Value,

 ESi is the economic value of the ith ecosystem service, and
 n is the total number of ecosystem services provided by the wetland.

Stated Preference Methods

Stated preference methods are a family of techniques that use individual respondents'
statements about their preferences to estimate changes in utility associated with a proposed
increase in quality or quantity of an ecosystem service.
They are often used when market prices are not available. Here are some common stated
preference methods used in ecosystem valuation:
1. **Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)**: This method directly asks respondents for their
willingness to pay (WTP) for a change in the ecosystem service(s)¹² ⁴. The formula for
calculating the aggregate WTP using CVM is:
n
WT P aggregate =∑ WT Pi
i=1

Where

 WT P i is the willingness to pay of individual i

 n is the total number of individuals.

Travel Cost Method

The Travel Cost Model was employed in estimating the tourism and recreational benefits
derived from the Vellode wetland in the present study. The rationale behind this approach is
rooted in the understanding that an individual's utility is influenced by factors such as the
duration of time spent at the location, the site's efficiency, and the expenditure on private
goods aside from travel costs
In this study, the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) was specifically used. Visitors to
the Vellode wetland were surveyed to gather details about their trip, including costs, duration,
intentions, other visited sites, and relevant socioeconomic factors like income, age, and
gender. The dependent variable in this context is the visitor rate, representing the number of
visits made by an individual within a given period.
Opportunity cost, defined as the potential gains foregone when opting for one choice over
another, was calculated alongside total expenses per trip. The study observed the total
number of tourists on both weekdays and weekends. The economic value of tourism services
at the Vellode wetland was evaluated using the following formulae
VT= (OC + E) x Tn
Where,
VT =Value of tourism services (₹)
OC = Opportunity cost per visitor (₹)
E= Expenses per visitor (₹)
Tn =Number of visitors per annum
Avoided Cost Method
The Avoided Cost method is a cost-based approach used in ecosystem valuation. It estimates
the economic value of ecosystem services based on the costs that would be incurred if the
services were lost¹⁴. This method assumes that if people incur costs to avoid damages caused
by lost ecosystem services, then those services must be worth at least what people paid to
replace them¹.
In the context of a wetland ecosystem like the Vellode Bird Sanctuary, this could involve
calculating the costs that would be avoided if the wetland's ecosystem services were
maintained. For example, wetlands often provide flood protection services. If these services
were lost, the local community might have to invest in artificial flood defenses. The cost of
these defenses can be seen as the value of the flood protection services provided by the
wetland¹.
The formula for calculating the value of an ecosystem service using the Avoided Cost method
is:
V =C avoided

where:
V is the value of the ecosystem service,
C avoided is the cost that would be incurred if the ecosystem service were lost

Replacement Cost Method

This methodology involves considering the cost associated with providing a substitute good
or surrogate that serves a function similar to a specific ecosystem good or service, as outlined
by Basnyal et al. (2012).
The wetlands at Vellode Bird Sanctuary play a vital role in flood storage by effectively
retaining substantial amounts of water. To assess the economic value of this flood storage
function, the Cost of Substitute Good Method, as described by Zhou et al. (2018), was
employed. In this context, the gross water storage capacity of the wetland during the wet
season was estimated.
The economic value of the flood storage function was determined by calculating the financial
resources that would be required to construct a tank capable of storing the estimated quantity
of water. The construction costs for such a tank were obtained from the Irrigation Department
of Tamil Nadu..
Alternate/Substitute Cost Method
he Alternative/Substitute method was employed to assess the economic value of the
groundwater recharge service facilitated by the wetlands in the context of Vellode Bird
Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu.
Data on household water requirements were collected to inform this estimation. As an
alternative measure, the economic value of domestic water supply was utilized to
approximate the economic value of the groundwater recharge ecosystem service provided by
the Vellode wetland.
The calculations were based on water charges applied by relevant authorities, including
Thrissur Corporation and Kerala Water Authority, adapted to the specific conditions and
context of Vellode Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu. Economic value of groundwater recharge
ecosystem service was calculated by,
 VG= IWR x F x H x WS x WC
Where,
VG= Value of groundwater recharge
IWR= Individual water requirement per day
F =Average family size
H=Number of households
WS= Water scarcity period
WC= Water charges
Market Price Method
The Market Price Method is used to estimate the economic values for ecosystem products or
services that are bought and sold in commercial markets. It can be used to value changes in
either the quantity or quality of a good or services.
It uses standard economic techniques for measuring the economic benefits from marketed
goods, based on the quantity people purchase at different prices, and the quantity supplied at
different prices.
The standard method for measuring the use value of resources traded in the marketplace is
the estimation of consumer surplus and producer surplus using market price and quantity
data1. The total net economic benefit, or economic surplus, is the sum of consumer surplus
and producer surplus.
In the context of a wetland ecosystem like the Vellode Bird Sanctuary, this could involve
calculating the market prices of goods or services that the sanctuary provides. For example, if
the sanctuary provides fish that are commercially harvested, the market price of the fish can
be seen as the value of the ecosystem service1.
The formula for calculating the value of an ecosystem service using the Market Price method
is:
V=P×Q
where:
V is the value of the ecosystem service,
P is the market price of the good or service, and
Q is the quantity of the good or service
Contingent Valuation Method
Analyzing the non-use values of an ecosystem, such as bequest, altruism, and existence
values, poses inherent complexities due to the absence of a market. The Contingent Valuation
Approach, as introduced by Mitchell and Carson (1989), becomes instrumental in addressing
these complexities. The Willingness to Pay (WTP) serves as a pivotal metric in the
Contingent Valuation Method (CVM).
Economic value of non-use value was calculated by,
NUV= WTP x NH
Where,
NUV= Non-use value
WTP= Mean willingness to pay amount per household
NH= Total number of households in specific wetland area
MONITORING REVIEW EVALUATION CHART (MREC)
SEMESTER III
st th
Activity 1 to 4 to 7th to 10th to 13th to 16th to 19th and
3rd 6th 9th 12th 15th 18th 20th
week week week week week week week
Identification of
Broad Research area

Collection of articles
for topic fixation
Identification and
finalization of
research problem and
objective
Finalization of
methodology
Review of Literature

ORW Preparation,
finalization and
submission for
approval to Dean
(SPGS)
 SEMESTER IV

Activity 1st to 4th to 6th 7th to 9th 10th to 13th to 16th to 19th
3rd Week week 12th week 15th 18th week
week week week
Preparation of
Interview
schedule
Data collection

Data analysis &

Interpretation
Thesis Writing
and submission

15. Semester – wise break up of work

Semeste Credit
Year Details of research work
r hours
PART – A

 Identification of broad research area

 Collection of articles for topic fixation
 Identification of research problem and
II III 0+8 objectives
 Literature collection
 Finalization of research problem and objective
 Finalization of methodology
 Review of literature
 ORW preparation
PART – B

 Questionnaire preparation
 Data collection
II IV 0 + 12  Data entry
 Data analysis
 Thesis writing
 Thesis submission
16. Deliverables:

 The research on the "Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Wetland

Ecosystem: A Case Study in Vellode Bird Sanctuary" anticipates providing a holistic
understanding of the economic contributions of the sanctuary's ecosystem services.
 The study aims to deliver robust quantifications of these services through various
valuation methods, shedding light on their relative importance.
 By analyzing external factors' impacts, such as climate change and human activities,
the research seeks to offer insights into the sanctuary's resilience and vulnerabilities.

Signature of the student

(Sarvesh JP )

17. References:
1. Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., ... van den
Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital.
Nature, 387(6630), 253–260.
2. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being:
Synthesis. Island Press.
3. Daily, G. C., & Matson, P. A. (2008). Ecosystem services: From theory to
implementation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(28), 9455–
9456.
4. Farber, S. C., Costanza, R., & Wilson, M. A. (2002). Economic and ecological
concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 41(3), 375–392.
5. Turner, R. K., Paavola, J., Cooper, P., Farber, S., Jessamy, V., & Georgiou, S. (2003).
Valuing nature: Lessons learned and future research directions. Ecological
Economics, 46(3), 493–510.
6. Bateman, I. J., Harwood, A. R., Mace, G. M., Watson, R. T., Abson, D. J., Andrews,
B., ... & Binner, A. (2013). Bringing ecosystem services into economic decision-
making: Land use in the United Kingdom. Science, 341(6141), 45–50.
 7. Boyd, J., & Banzhaf, S. (2007). What are ecosystem services? The need for
standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics, 63(2-3), 616–
626.
8. Daily, G. C., Polasky, S., Goldstein, J., Kareiva, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Pejchar, L., ...
& Shallenberger, R. (2009). Ecosystem services in decision making: Time to deliver.
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7(1), 21–28.
Approval of Advisory Committee:

Advisory
S. No. Name, Designation and Department Signature
Committee
1. Chairperson Dr. N. Kiruthika
Asst.Professor, Department of
Agricultural Economics
TNAU, Coimbatore-641003
2. Members 1. Dr Vidhyavathi A,
Professor, Department of Agricultural
Economics
TNAU, Coimbatore-641003.

2. Dr. K. Mahendran
Professor, Department of Agricultural
and Rural Development, TNAU,
Coimbatore - 641 003
3. Dr. K. Sivasubramanian
Professor (ENS), IFS Unit,
Department of Agronomy, TNAU,
Coimbatore - 641 003
3. Additional 4. Dr. R, Pangayar Selvi
Member Professor, Department of PS&IT,
TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003

PG Coordinator Head of the Department

Dean (SPGS)