Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presenter
◼ Hameed Shehab
• Sales and Applications Engineer
• Megger Middle East, Bahrain
Megger’s Growth
™
“Megger” James G Biddle AVO acquires Avo (Sweden) (USA) Megger acquires
registered as a Co. Evershed and International Innovators of Cable fault Baker Instruments
trademark incorporated in Vignoles renamed to advanced finding innovation Entering into the
USA (Megger) Megger transformer join Megger field of motor and
diagnostics joins group generator testing
the Megger
group
Megger Baker Instruments – Who are we ?
Fact:
• motor failures can be very costly
• Lost production/revenue
• Cost of motor replacement/repair
• Loss of credibility/damage to reputation
• Stress to restore operation quickly
Failures Modes in Electric Motors
Reference: GE Study
Common Test Methods Worldwide
• Motor is de-energised
• A series of electrical tests are performed, usually from the motor control
cabinet (MCC), through the power cables to the motor (site testing)
This advance notice will save the high cost of unexpected down time and
emergency repairs!
Typical Test Voltages
10
Why Test Above Line Voltage ?
Or:
12
Properties of the Dielectrics
Properties of the Dielectrics
• Contamination
Chemical, deposit on the winding
• Mechanical
Movement within the winding at start up
• Most will eventually fail to ground in the slot, but the root cause
will be turn to turn failure
16
Dielectric Strength and voltage Spikes
Winding Faults
Possible Coil Insulation Failure Modes
Between turns of
the same coil of
the same phase
Phase A
Phase B
19
Winding Resistance Test
Most 3 phase motors have close balance between the phase to phase
resistance values – less than 1% in most cases
20
Winding Resistance Test
It can find:
It cannot find:
• Weak insulation
• contamination
21
MegOhm Test
A DC voltage is applied to the windings for one minute, with the leakage
current to ground being measured.
It Can:
It Cannot:
An over voltage test used to simulate the voltage levels (switching surges)
experienced by motors during start-up and shut-down.
Can find:
• Cannot find:
25
• Turn to turn insulation weakness
DC Step Voltage Testing
NEMA MG-1
Baker recommends:
1000 VDC + 2 X rated volts for motors in service: 1920VDC
1000 VDC + 2 X rated volts x 1.7 for new motors: 3264VDC
28
• Surge Test
Most common
– Phase to Phase insulation
29
– Coil to Coil failure!
– Turn to Turn
– Wound wrong direction
Surge Testing
30
Surge Test Capabilities
• Turn-To-Turn
• Coil-To-Coil
• Phase-To-Phase
• Weak insulation turn to turn, coil to coil, phase to phase (QA, TS, PPM)
• Reversed coils (QA)
• Turn-To-Turn shorts (QA,)
• Unbalanced turn count (QA)
31 • Different size copper wire (QA)
• Shorted laminations (QA)
Dynamic Motor Analysis
▪ Motor Condition
→ Motor Efficiency, Loading condition of motor, Over heating of winding,
Rotor condition. Eccentricity, Bearing condition
Voltage Probes
Current CTs
• At motor – as above
EXP4000 Connections
But we can test up to 13.8kV motors if there are voltage and current
transformers already present in the panel (kWh/protection meter etc)
4
7
EXP4000 Connections
•Power Quality
Voltage level, voltage unbalance, harmonics distortion, total distortion, power,
harmonics
•Machine Performance
Payback period, effective service factor, load, operating condition, efficiency
•Current
Current level, current unbalance
•Spectrum
Rotor bar, V/I spectra, demodulated spectra
•Connections
Waveforms, ABC/SYM components, phasors
•VFD details
Torque and speed vs. time, frequency and voltage vs. time.
Power Quality
Leads to
Under Voltage Over Currents (Over Heat)
53
Voltage Unbalances
Vmaxdev-V
Unbal = 100 x
V
where:
The increases in motor
Unbalance = Voltage unbalance in % losses are directly
Vmaxdev = Line to line phase voltage converted into heat in the
deviating most from mean of 3 phases motor, reducing the motor’s
life by a factor of 2 for each
V = RMS voltage, mean line to line of 10ºC rise in temperature.
3 phases
Case Studies
Mechanical Defects
Mechanical Defect Case Study 1 – Paper Industry
zoom
• Situation :
- Dynamic controls every 6 weeks; static control once a year.
- Unplanned shutdown cost = 2000€/h.
- Time needed to replace cylinder or gearbox = 48h or 96,000€
Mechanical Defect Case Study 1 – Paper Industry
zoom
• Trend :
- Torque ripple increases from 13% to 46% at similar load level
- Vibration trends are OK
- Power and motor analysis are OK
Mechanical Defect Case Study 1 – Paper Industry
• Cost saving:
F0 PV
F0 PV
Mechanical Defect Case Study 4 – Cement Industry
Rotor Bar Case Study
76
Effect of Rotor Bar fault on Torque
77
Compared to an Identical Motor
78
Evidence of Broken Bars
79
Evidence of Broken Bars
80
NetEP – System Description
SQL Database
Server
Up to 32
motors
Monitoring
7 6
8 8
Up to 7
voltage
NetEP buss inputs
81
Questions??
Hameed Al-Shehabi
+97333645345
Hameed.Shehab@megger.com
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