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PEMODELAN GEOTEKNIK

1. Pengantar
2. Model Empiris
3. Model Teoritis
4. Model Numerik
5. Model Konstitutiv
6. Model Fisik
7. Model Geologi
8. Model Klasifikasi

DR.-ING. SYAWAL SATIBI, MSC.


Kuliah Pasca Sarjana Teknik Sipil UR
1. PENGANTAR

Model adalah simplifikasi yang proprosional dan rasional terhadap


realitas

Dalam rekayasa geoteknik:


1. Hampir seluruh aspek pekerjaan desain menyangkut pemodelan.
2. Kesadaran dalam pengambilan asumsi dan penyederhanaan adalah
vital.
3. Engineering Judgment dan pengalaman dalam desain sangat
diperlukan (which items are safe to ignore)
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1. PENGANTAR

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1. PENGANTAR

Siklus Refleksi Desain

Observasi Refleksi

Prediksi

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1. PENGANTAR
Apa saja yang dimodelkan?

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2. MODEL EMPIRIS

Model empiris: pemodelan yang didasari oleh hasil pengujian


(eksperimen)

a. Koreksi Vane shear strength

1 3 h
T= π∙cu ∙d ∙ 1+3
6 d
Pada rekayasa geoteknik kebanyakan pemodelan semi-empiris
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2. MODEL EMPIRIS
Vane shear test dilakukan dalam hitungan detik

pembebanan lapangan dalam waktu bulanan
(undrained?, permeabilitas)

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2. MODEL EMPIRIS
c. Corelasi CPT
Real-Time readings in computer screen
Penetration at 2 cm/s

Sand

Clay

Buried Crust

Clay

8 Rate effect, anisotrophy, size effect?


2. MODEL EMPIRIS
c. Corelasi CPT

9 Rate effect, anisotrophy, size effect?


2. MODEL EMPIRIS
c. Corelasi CPT

10 Rate effect, anisotrophy, size effect?


2. MODEL EMPIRIS
c. Corelasi CPT

11 Rate effect, anisotrophy, size effect?


2. MODEL EMPIRIS
c. Corelasi CPT
c qc (kg/cm2) Fr (%) qc (Mpa) Fr Class
0,20 6,00 3,33 0,60 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
0,40 10,00 2,00 1,00 9 Sand Loose sands
0,60 14,00 1,43 1,40 9 Sand Loose sands
0,80 8,00 2,50 0,80 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
1,00 10,00 2,00 1,00 9 Sand Loose sands
1,20 10,00 2,00 1,00 9 Sand Loose sands
1,40 10,00 2,00 1,00 9 Sand Loose sands
1,60 4,00 5,00 0,40 3 Clay Inorganic clay soft
1,80 2,00 10,00 0,20 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
2,00 4,00 5,00 0,40 3 Clay Inorganic clay soft
2,20 4,00 5,00 0,40 3 Clay Inorganic clay soft
2,40 4,00 5,00 0,40 3 Clay Inorganic clay soft
2,60 6,00 3,33 0,60 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
2,80 6,00 3,33 0,60 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
3,00 6,00 3,33 0,60 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
3,20 8,00 2,50 0,80 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
3,40 8,00 5,00 0,80 3 Clay Inorganic clay medium
3,60 8,00 5,00 0,80 3 Clay Inorganic clay medium
3,80 10,00 4,00 1,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay medium
4,00 8,00 7,50 0,80 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
4,20 10,00 6,00 1,00 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
4,40 10,00 6,00 1,00 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
4,60 12,00 5,00 1,20 3 Clay Inorganic clay stiff
4,80 12,00 5,00 1,20 3 Clay Inorganic clay stiff
5,00 12,00 6,67 1,20 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
5,20 10,00 10,00 1,00 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
5,40 12,00 8,33 1,20 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
5,60 14,00 7,14 1,40 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
5,80 12,00 8,33 1,20 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
6,00 12,00 8,33 1,20 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
6,20 18,00 5,56 1,80 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
6,40 20,00 5,00 2,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
6,60 22,00 4,55 2,20 3 Clay Inorganic clay stiff
6,80 14,00 7,14 1,40 3 Clay Organic clays & mixed soils
7,00 16,00 6,25 1,60 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
7,20 22,00 4,55 2,20 3 Clay Inorganic clay stiff
7,40 20,00 5,00 2,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
7,60 18,00 5,56 1,80 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
7,80 20,00 5,00 2,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
8,00 20,00 5,00 2,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
8,20 40,00 2,50 4,00 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
8,40 42,00 2,38 4,20 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
8,60 50,00 2,00 5,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
8,80 55,00 1,82 5,50 9 Sand Moderate sands
9,00 55,00 1,82 5,50 9 Sand Moderate sands
9,20 20,00 5,00 2,00 3 Clay Inorganic clay very stiff
9,40 30,00 3,33 3,00 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
9,60 60,00 1,67 6,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
9,80 50,00 2,00 5,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
10,00 40,00 2,50 4,00 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
10,20 45,00 2,22 4,50 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
10,40 50,00 2,00 5,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
10,60 70,00 1,43 7,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
10,80 50,00 2,00 5,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
11,00 55,00 1,82 5,50 9 Sand Moderate sands
11,20 40,00 2,50 4,00 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
11,40 30,00 3,33 3,00 3 Clay Sandy and silty clays
11,60 40,00 2,50 4,00 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
11,80 45,00 2,22 4,50 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
12,00 40,00 2,50 4,00 3 Clay Clayey-sands and silts
12,20 50,00 2,00 5,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
12,40 70,00 1,43 7,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
12,60 75,00 1,33 7,50 9 Sand Moderate sands
12,80 70,00 1,43 7,00 9 Sand Moderate sands
13,00 85,00 1,18 8,50 9 Sand Moderate sands
13,20 115,00 0,87 11,50 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
13,40 120,00 0,83 12,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
13,60 140,00 0,71 14,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
13,80 145,00 0,69 14,50 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
14,00 150,00 0,67 15,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
14,20 125,00 0,80 12,50 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
14,40 110,00 0,91 11,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
14,60 130,00 0,77 13,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands
14,80 160,00 0,63 16,00 9 Sand Dense or cemented sands

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3. MODEL TEORITIS
Model Teoritis: Pemodelan yang didasarkan pada penurunan matematis
Seepage flow

Persamaan differensial potensial line


2h 2h 2h
 2  2 0
x 2
y z
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3. MODEL TEORITIS
b. Penurunan Konsolidasi Axial load

Soil sample
Porous filter
Containing ring

4 persamaan dasar konsolidasi


h
A. Darcy : v  -k h  h( t , z )
z
B. Keseimbangan: s  s  u  constant
Ds'
C. Kekakuan material: De 
Eoed
D. Kontinuitas: De  Dz  v  Dt

14 1 dimensi, anisotrophy ?
3. MODEL TEORITIS

Du k  Eoed 2 Du
Differential equation:  
t gw z
2

Exact solution of Du in the form of Fourier series:

Du  4D u0    -T 
 1   -9 T 
 1   - 25 T 


 sin z e sin 3 z e sin 5 z e usw 
p  3 5 

p2 p2 k  Eoed p z
T  T   2 t z  
4 4 D  gw 2 D

The boundary conditions indicate that at the top and at the bottom boundary, the pore water
pressure is equal to zero.
For z‘ = 0 and z‘ = p the solution gives Du = 0

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3. MODEL TEORITIS
The isochrones according to the exact solution of Δu

2D Δu0 Δu

Du
Du 0

z
D

16 Starting from T = 0.1 the isochrones are sinosoidal


3. MODEL TEORITIS
3. MODEL TEORITIS
Degree of consolidation in logarithmic scale of time
k  Eoed
T  t
gw D 2

10-3 10-2 10-1 1


0

0.2

U 0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

s - s0
U 
s - s0
4. MODEL NUMERIK
Model Numerik: Pemodelan yang didasarkan pada penurunan
matematis dengan penyelesaian secara diskrit dan
mengakomodasi idealisasi kondisi-kondisi batas

Metode Numerik yang dipakai pada aplikasi geoteknik:

1. Finite Difference
2. Finite Element
3. Boundary Element
4. Meshless element menthod
5. Material point method
6. Etc.

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4. MODEL NUMERIK

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4. MODEL NUMERIK

Finite difference:
perpindahan nodal
berdasarkan nodal
sekelilingnya

Finite Element:
element terdiri dari
nodal dan gauss point

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Material point method

Impact of Elastic Projectile on Purely Cohesive Soil (no damping)

Coetze (2007)

Last year analysis for wedge elements. This year for tetrahedral elements
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Material point method

Coetze (2007)

TIME : 5 s
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Material point method

Coetze (2007)

TIME : 10 s
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Material point method

Coetze (2007)

TIME : 15 s
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Material point method

Coetze (2007)

TIME : 20 s
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Part 2.1: Projectile

TIME : 25 s
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Part 2.1: Projectile

TIME : 30 s
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4. MODEL NUMERIK

Beuth (2008)

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4. MODEL NUMERIK
Idealisasi Geometri

1. Plain Strain

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4. MODEL NUMERIK
2. Axisymmetry

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4. MODEL NUMERIK
2. 3D atau 3D Symmetry

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5. MODEL KONSTITUTIF
Model Konstitutif: Pemodelan yang didasarkan pada penurunan
matematis untuk mendeskripsikan atau
mendefinisikan prilaku tegangan-regangan material

Basic formula of elastoplasticity s p


e  e e  ep  e
E

s
s yield
perfect plasticity
tan -1 E s
s yield  cons tan t
e

tan -1 
linear hardening s0

tan -1 E
s
s
s yield  s0    (e - 0 )
E
so / E

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5. MODEL KONSTITUTIF

s1
failure line
s1
Compression
test

Extension
test

s3 s3
stress paths contour of constant
volumetric strain

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5. MODEL KONSTITUTIF

2(1 - sin  )
s s s
1  sin 
1 2 3

s1
1

2 2 sin 
tan -1
3 - sin 

A 2 2 sin  1 - sin 
tan -1
3  sin 
2(1  sin  )
B
2s3

Model Konstitutif Tanah:


Mohr-Coulomb

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6. MODEL FISIK
Model skala penuh
(full scale)

Model paling
REFERENCE PILES
representatif, namun
Load (kN)
sangat mahal dan sulit 0 100 200 300 400

dilakukan 0

5
Displacement (mm)

10

15

20

25
Pile 24 (Measured)
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Pile 36 (Measured)

36 35
6. MODEL FISIK
Model skala kecil

37 Centrifugal Machine
7. MODEL GEOLOGI

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Tugas

1 artikel dlm jurnal atau report bahasa inggris (masing-


masing beda)

Lalu dibuat:
Resume (rangkuman) yang berisi:
1. Penjelasan awal mengenai model apa yang digunakan
2. Latar belakang (kenapa penelitian itu dilakukan)
3. Metode analisis atau cara penelitiannya
4. Kesimpulan apa yang dihasilkan

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