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Mmscience - 2020 11 - Application of New Rules For Pattern Specification According Iso Gps
Mmscience - 2020 11 - Application of New Rules For Pattern Specification According Iso Gps
1 INTRODUCTION
The ISO GPS (Geometrical Product Specifications) define an
internationally uniform description language, that allows
expressing unambiguously and completely all requirements for
Figure 1. Geometrical specification according ISO standards with
the micro and macro geometry of a product with the indication of number of standards used on drawing [Petr 2019]
corresponding requirements for the inspection process in
technical drawings, considering current possibilities of
measurement and testing technology. 2 THEORY AND METHODS
Engineering drawings without longitudinal tolerances, A geometrical specification applies to a single complete feature
roughness, geometrical tolerances and datums or datum (see Fig. 2), unless an appropriate modifier is indicated. When
systems are in most cases incomplete, ambiguous, and the toleranced feature is not a single complete feature, see
therefore not unambiguously interpretable. The incomplete, Fig. 2 (RS).
ambiguous tolerancing of components in engineering drawings
causes not only increased production and inspection costs but
also makes impossible reasoned complaints of shortcomings
and ultimately lead to an incalculable liability risk in the case of
legal disputes. Therefore, the designers and metrology
engineers must have good knowledge on ISO GPS and
verification methodology which ought to be given during
studies or refreshed and supplemented by specialized training
courses on the new standards [Petr 2017].
ISO default specification operators and number of fundamental
principles that apply to all GPS standards and technical product
documentation are indicate in fundamental ISO GPS standards
[ISO8015 2011]. Figure 2. Geometrical specification (ISO1101:2017) applies to drawing
Feature Principle and Independency Principle – Base principles [Petr 2017]
according [ISO8015 2011] which are necessary to keep are: When the geometrical specification refers to the integral
Feature principle – a workpiece shall be considered as made up feature, the geometrical specification indication shall be
of a number of features limited by natural boundaries. By connected to the toleranced feature by a reference line, and a
default, every ISO GPS specification for a feature or relation leader line terminating according Fig. 2 (the bottom half of the
between features applies to the entire feature or features; and figure). When the geometrical specification refers to a derived
Surface Profile Specification for a Set of Independent Features The united feature (UF), modifier builds one compound feature
out of several single features (see Fig. 4). This compound
The separate zones (SZ), modifier considers the set of single feature may have a derived feature, even when the individual
features as separate features (see Fig. 4), with unrelated features do not. Therefore, the UF modifier is appropriate to
tolerance zones. Since there are a number of toleranced use, when the function(s) is related to the integral compound
features, there are an equal number of specified characteristics feature considered as one feature, or to its derived feature.
[ISO1660 2017]. Modifier UF is not in tolerance indicator (zone and feature
Fig. 5 shows tolerance zones for separate features. The section), but in adjacent indications, because is targeted to
tolerance zones are each limited by two equidistant surfaces feature [ISO1660 2017].
Figure 23. Positional tolerance for flanged holes (CZ modifier needed)
The difference between CZ and CZR (Fig. 24).
Fig. 24 provides examples which illustrate the internal
constraints introduced by the CZ or CZR modifiers and the
external constraints introduced by the datum or datum system.
For both variants the toleranced feature is the collection of four
(4x) extracted integral surfaces. For the first specification with
CZR modifier – the tolerance zone pattern is composed of four
single tolerance zones (two parallel planes 0.1 apart) con-
strained between them in orientation only (CZR) to be
perpendicular and parallel (implicit TED 0° and 90°). For the
second specification with CZ modifier – the tolerance zone Figure 25. Indication of multi-level single indicator pattern specification
pattern is composed of four single tolerance zones (two parallel (first level (4x J) – number of identical features; second level (4x K) –
planes 0.2 apart) constrained between them (CZ) in orientation number of identical groups)
(0° and 90°) and in location (32 mm and 32 mm). The previous The third specification (CZ SZ with datum system A, B, C)
practice was without application of CZ modifier (the idea was defines four (4x K) independent pattern specifications
the same as when using the CZ modifier) and without CZR constrained in location from datums B and C (orientation A).
modifier and apply tolerance on each feature separately. For each pattern specification, the third specification is defined
as toleranced feature, the collection of four extracted median
lines; as tolerance zone, the tolerance zone pattern (combined
zone) composed of four cylindrical zones (4x J) of diameter 0,3
mm with orientation constraint (parallel between them) and
with location constraint between them 12 mm apart and
constrained from datum B and C.
Figure 24. The difference between CZ and CZR. Indication on drawing The fourth specification (CZ CZ with datum system A, B, C)
(left view), internal constraints in the tolerance zone pattern with CZR controls four (4x K) dependent pattern specifications,
(middle view) and CZ (right view) constrained in location from datum B and C (orientation A),
Indication of multi-level single indicator pattern specification resulting in only one pattern specification considering as
(Fig. 25) toleranced feature, the collection of sixteen extracted median
Fig. 25 shows four specifications in VARIANT-1 (VARIANT-2 is lines; as tolerance zone, the tolerance zone pattern (combined
alternative indication with the same meaning). The zone) composed of sixteen cylindrical zones of diameter 0,6
specifications of VARIANT-1 from top to bottom are described mm with orientation constraint (parallel between them) and
below. with location constraint between according drawing.
The first specification (SZ CZ with datum A – orientation) Simultaneous requirement for four surfaces (Fig. 26).
controls four independent pattern specifications (4x K). For
each pattern specification, the first specification is defined as
toleranced feature, the collection of four extracted median
lines; as tolerance zone, the tolerance zone pattern (combined
zone) composed of four cylindrical zones (4x J) of diameter 0,1
mm with orientation constraint (parallel between them) and
with location constraint between them at 12 mm apart.
The second specification (CZ CZ with datum A – orientation)
controls four dependent pattern specifications (4x K) resulting
in only one pattern specification considering: as toleranced
feature, the collection of sixteen extracted median lines; as Figure 26. Simultaneous requirement for four surfaces. Above – single
tolerance zone, the tolerance zone pattern (combined zone) indicator pattern specification; below – multiple indicator pattern
composed of sixteen cylindrical zones (4x 4x J) of diameter 0,3 specification
REFERENCES
4 CONCLUSIONS
[Broncek 2017] Broncek, J., et al. The Application of New Rules
Former practice covered geometrical specification with position
of GPS in Structural Product Requirement. In: Proceedings of
characteristic symbol only and was based on an exception from
58th International Conference of Machine Design Departments
the independency principle. For example, a position
– ICMD 2017. 58th International Conference of Machine Design
specification for a group of “n” geometrical features, that was
Departments. Praha, Horoměřice, 06.09.2017 - 08.09.2017.
unrelated to a datum or related to a datum or a datum system
Prague: Technical Faculty. 2017, pp. 284-289. ISBN 978-80-213-
that did not lock all degrees of freedom and with no modifier
2769-6. Available from:
indicated in the tolerance section, defined an implicit tolerance
http://2017.icmd.cz/proceedings/10_ICMD.pdf
zone pattern (the term “pattern” was not yet defined). Former
practice appeared to avoid ambiguities, but it was not true, [ISO8015 2011] Standard ISO 8015:2011 Geometrical product
because sometimes there were ambiguities between designer specifications (GPS) – Fundamentals – Concepts, principles and
and metrologist or sometimes also between designers alone. rules.
Pattern specification used in this article and in the standard ISO [ISO5459 2011] Standard ISO 5458:2018. Geometrical product
5458 apply to geometrical specifications not only with position specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Datums and
symbol characteristics but also with line profile, surface profile, datum systems
CONTACTS:
Ing. Karel Petr, Ph.D.
Czech Technical University in Prague
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Designing and Machine Components
Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6, Czech Republic
e-mail: karel.petr@fs.cvut.cz
Telephone: +420 224 352 415
http://konstruovani.fs.cvut.cz/