It Assignment

1)Explan HTML also explain the structure of the HTML webpage with an example
ans)HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the standard markup language used to crea
te web pages. It is the backbone of most web content, providing the structure and organization for docum
ents on the World Wide Web. HTML uses a system of tags to define the structure and layout of a webpag
e. Tags are elements enclosed in angle brackets < >, and they typically come in pairs, with an opening ta
g and a closing tag.
Here’s a basic example of an HTML document:
html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section id="home">
<h2>Home</h2>
<p>This is the home section of my webpage.</p>
</section>
<section id="about">
<h2>About</h2>
<p>This is the about section of my webpage.</p>
</section>
<section id="contact">
<h2>Contact</h2>
<p>You can reach me at <a href="mailto:info@example.com">info@example.com</a>.</p>
</section>
<footer>
<p>© 2023 My Website. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
que2)What do you mean by protocols Explain various data transmistion protocols
ans)Protocols are sets of rules that define how data is transmitted and received between devices on a net
work. They ensure that communication between different systems is standardized and efficient. In the con
text of data transmission, protocols define the format, timing, sequencing, and error checking used during
the exchange of information. There are various protocols used in different layers of the OSI (Open Syste
ms Interconnection) model, which is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecom
munication or computing system into seven abstraction layers.
Here are some common data transmission protocols used in networking:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
Layer: Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Description: TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data. It e
stablishes a connection before data is exchanged, and it ensures that data arrives intact and in the correc
t order. TCP is widely used for applications that require accurate data delivery, such as web browsing and
file transfer.
Internet Protocol (IP):
Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)

Description: IP is responsible for routing packets of data so that they can travel across networks and arriv
e at the correct destination. It provides the addressing and routing mechanism for data transmission. Ther
e are different versions of IP, with IPv4 (32-bit addressing) and IPv6 (128-bit addressing) being the most
widely used.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)

Description: HTTP is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web. It is an application-layer protocol t
hat facilitates the transfer of hypertext, which includes text, images, and other multimedia files. The most
common use of HTTP is in the World Wide Web, where it is used for transferring web pages.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP):

Description: SMTP is a protocol used for sending email messages between servers. It is a text-based prot
ocol that defines how email messages should be submitted, relayed, and delivered.
Post Office Protocol (POP) and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP):

Description: POP and IMAP are protocols used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server.
POP typically downloads messages to the client device, while IMAP allows messages to be stored on the
server, providing more flexibility for accessing email from multiple devices.
HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS):

Description: HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that uses encryption (commonly provided by SSL or TLS
) to secure the communication between a web browser and a web server. It is widely used for secure onli
ne transactions and data exchange.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP):
que3)Explan the various type of HTML tags. What are the characteristics of HTML
ans)HTML (HyperText Markup Language) uses tags to structure content on a web page. Tags are keywor
ds surrounded by angle brackets < >, and they come in pairs, with an opening tag and a closing tag. Here
are some of the basic types of HTML tags:
Structural HTML Tags:
<html>: The root element that wraps all the content on the entire page.
<head>: Contains meta-information about the HTML document, such as title, character set, and linked sty
lesheets.
<title>: Sets the title of the HTML document, which is displayed in the browser’s title bar or tab.
<body>: Contains the main content of the HTML document, including text, images, links, etc.
Text Formatting Tags:
<h1> to <h6>: Headings, where <h1> is the largest and <h6> is the smallest.
<p>: Paragraph.
<strong> or <b>: Bold text.
<em> or <i>: Italicized text.
<u>: Underlined text.
List Tags:
<ul>: Unordered list.

<ol>: Ordered list.
<li>: List item.
Link Tags:
<a>: Anchor tag, used for creating hyperlinks to other pages or resources.
<href>: Specifies the URL of the linked resource.
Image Tag:
<img>: Embeds an image into the document.

<src>: Specifies the source (URL or file path) of the image.
<alt>: Provides alternative text for the image, displayed if the image cannot be loaded.
Table Tags:
<table>: Defines a table.

<tr>: Defines a table row.
<td>: Defines a table cell (data cell).
<th>: Defines a table header cell.
Form Tags:
<form>: Defines an HTML form for user input.

<input>: Defines an input field (text, checkbox, radio button, etc.).
<select>: Creates a drop-down list.
<textarea>: Defines a multiline text input control.
Semantic HTML Tags:
<article>: Represents a self-contained piece of content that could be distributed and reused independentl
y.
<section>: Represents a generic section of a document.
<header>: Represents the header of a document or a section.
<footer>: Represents the footer of a document or a section.
<nav>: Represents a navigation menu.
HTML Characteristics:
Platform-Independent: HTML is platform-independent, meaning it can be rendered on any device or opera

ting system that has a web browser.
Markup Language: HTML uses markup tags to define elements within a document. These tags describe t
he structure and presentation of content.
Versatility: HTML can be used to create a wide variety of content, including text, images, links, forms, and
multimedia.
Interactivity: Through the use of JavaScript, HTML can provide interactive features, such as form validatio
n, dynamic content updates, and user interface enhancements.
Standardized: HTML is governed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which sets and maintains th
e standards for web technologies, ensuring consistency and compatibility across different browsers.
Extensible: HTML can be extended through the use of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for styling and layo
ut, and JavaScript for dynamic behavior, creating a powerful combination for web development.
que4)What do you mean by LIST? explain the LIST properties?
ans)In the context of HTML, a list is a way to organize and present information in a structured format. HT
ML provides several types of lists, each with its own properties. The main types of lists are unordered lists
(<ul>), ordered lists (<ol>), and definition lists (<dl>).
Unordered List (<ul>):
An unordered list is used to represent a list of items where the order of the items is not important.
List items are marked with bullets (typically dots, squares, or circles).
Each list item is defined by the <li> (list item) tag.
html
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<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
<li>Item 3</li>
</ul>
Ordered List (<ol>):
An ordered list is used to represent a list of items where the order is important.
List items are numbered sequentially by default.
Each list item is defined by the <li> tag.
html
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<ol>
<li>First item</li>
<li>Second item</li>
<li>Third item</li>
</ol>
Definition List (<dl>):
A definition list is used to represent a list of terms and their corresponding definitions.
Each term is defined by the <dt> (definition term) tag, and the definition is defined by the <dd> (definition
description) tag.
html
Each type of list has properties that can be customized using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to control as
pects such as the style, spacing, and indentation of the list items.
Common list properties in CSS include:
list-style-type:
Specifies the appearance of the list item marker (bullet or number) in an ordered or unordered list.
Values include disc, circle, square, decimal, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, lower-roman, upper-roman, etc.
que5)Define Table tag and their attributes with an example
In HTML, the <table> tag is used to create tables, which are a way to organize data into rows and column
s. Tables consist of several other elements to define the structure, including <tr> (table row), <th> (table h
eader cell), and <td> (table data cell). Here’s an explanation of the table-related tags and some common
attributes:
<table> Tag:
The <table> tag is the container for the entire table.

html
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<table>

</table>
<tr> Tag:
The <tr> tag defines a table row. It contains one or more <th> or <td> elements.
html
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<table>
<tr>

</tr>
</table>
<th> Tag:
The <th> tag defines a table header cell. It is typically used to label columns or rows.
html
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<table>
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>

</table>
<td> Tag:
The <td> tag defines a table data cell. It contains the actual data of the table.
html
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<table>
<tr>
<td>Data 1</td>
<td>Data 2</td>
</tr>

</table>
colspan and rowspan Attributes:
colspan: Specifies the number of columns a table cell should span.

rowspan: Specifies the number of rows a table cell should span.
html
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<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">This cell spans two columns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">This cell spans two rows</td>
<td>Data 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
border Attribute:
Specifies the width of the border around the table and its cells.
html
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<table border="1">
</table>
width Attribute:
Specifies the width of the table.

html
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<table width="50%">
</table>
cellpadding and cellspacing Attributes:
cellpadding: Specifies the space between the content of a cell and its border.
cellspacing: Specifies the space between cells.
html
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<table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="5">
</table>
Here’s an example of a simple table with headers and data cells:
html
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<table border="1" cellpadding="10">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
<th>Header 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data 1-1</td>
<td>Data 1-2</td>
<td>Data 1-3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data 2-1</td>
<td>Data 2-2</td>
<td>Data 2-3</td>
</tr>
</table>
This example creates a table with three columns and two rows, including headers and data cells. The tabl
e has a border, cellpadding, and default cellspacing.
que7)Write HTML code that displays three hyperlinks to different websites. The websites should spen in a
new window when the wer sicks on the hyperlinks
ans)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Open in New Window Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Visit These Websites:</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.example1.com" target="_blank">Example 1</a></li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
8)Explain css. with its type & example
ans)CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation of a doc
ument written in HTML or XML. It allows web developers to control the layout, appearance, and styling of
HTML elements on a webpage. CSS separates the content of a webpage from its presentation, making it
easier to manage and maintain the structure of a site.
Basic Structure of CSS:

CSS consists of a set of rules, where each rule consists of a selector and a declaration block. The selecto
r targets the HTML element(s) to be styled, and the declaration block contains one or more declarations s
eparated by semicolons. Each declaration consists of a property and a value.
selector {
property: value;
}
Types of CSS:
Inline CSS:
Applied directly to a single HTML element using the style attribute.

html
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<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">This is a paragraph with inline CSS.</p>
Internal or Embedded CSS:
Defined within the <style> tag in the head section of an HTML document.
html
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<head>
<style>
p{
color: green;
font-size: 18px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph with internal CSS.</p>
</body>
External CSS:
Stored in a separate CSS file and linked to the HTML document using the <link> tag.
html
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/* styles.css */
p{
color: red;
font-size: 20px;
}


<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph with external CSS.</p>
</body>
10)Explain javascript loops

ans)In JavaScript, loops are used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition i
s true. Loops are an essential component of programming, allowing developers to efficiently perform repet
itive tasks without duplicating code. There are several types of loops in JavaScript, including:
for Loop:
The for loop is used when the number of iterations is known or can be determined in advance. It consists
of three parts: initialization, condition, and iteration statement.
javascript
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for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
// Code to be repeated goes here
}
while Loop:
The while loop is used when the number of iterations is not known in advance, and the loop continues as l
ong as a specified condition is true.
javascript
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let i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
i++;
}
do...while Loop:
Similar to the while loop, but the condition is checked after the block of code is executed, ensuring that th
e code inside the loop is executed at least once.
javascript
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let i = 0;
do {
i++;
} while (i < 5);
for...in Loop:
Iterates over the properties of an object. It’s often used to loop through the keys of an object.
javascript
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const person = { name: ’John’, age: 30, job: ’developer’ };
for (let key in person) {
console.log(key, person[key]);
}
for...of Loop:
Introduced in ECMAScript 2015, it iterates over iterable objects such as arrays, strings, maps, sets, etc.
javascript
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const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
for (let number of numbers) {
console.log(number);
}

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1)Explan HTML also explain the structure of the HTML webpage with an example

Here’s a basic example of an HTML document:

Here are some common data transmission protocols used in networking:

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

Layer: Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Layer: Network Layer (Layer 3)

Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)

Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)

Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)

Layer: Application Layer (Layer 7)

Structural HTML Tags:

<ul>: Unordered list.

<img>: Embeds an image into the document.

<table>: Defines a table.

<form>: Defines an HTML form for user input.

Platform-Independent: HTML is platform-independent, meaning it can be rendered on any device or opera

que4)What do you mean by LIST? explain the LIST properties?

Unordered List (<ul>):

Common list properties in CSS include:

que5)Define Table tag and their attributes with an example

The <table> tag is the container for the entire table.

colspan: Specifies the number of columns a table cell should span.

Specifies the width of the table.

<h2>Visit These Websites:</h2>

8)Explain css. with its type & example

Basic Structure of CSS:

Applied directly to a single HTML element using the style attribute.

10)Explain javascript loops

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