Asme Om3

9009275 0026052 828
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Requirementsfor Preoperational
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
and Initial Start-upVibration
Testing of Nuclear Power
Plant Piping Systems
ANSIIASME OM3 - 1982
SPONSORED A N D P U B L I S H E D B Y
THE A M E R I C A N S O C I E T Y OF M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R S
United Engineering Center 3 4 5 E a s t 4 7 t h Street N e w York, N. Y. 1 O 0 1 7
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright ASME International

Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
~~ ~
9009275 O026053 764
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
DATE OF ISSUANCE: SEPTEMBER 30,1982
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was bal-
anced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity t o
participate. The proposed code or standard was made available t o public review and comment which
provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencias,
and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect t o the validity of any patent rights asserted in con-
nection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake t o ensure anyone utilizing
a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such
liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representativek) or personk) affiliated with industry is not t o be
interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
Copyright @ 1982 b y
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

M 9009275 0 0 2 6 0 5 4 bTO M
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
FOREWORD
Introduction
This Standard provides general requirements for the assessment of piping system vibration
for nuclear power plants including Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
and applicable ANSI classified systems. It includes steady-state and transient vibration testing
and corresponding acceptance criteria, instrumentation and measurement techniques, and
recommendations for corrective action when required.
This Standard is applicable for vibration qualification and design verification, during pre-
operational and initial start-up testing, of piping systems which require testing by the nuclear
power plant Safety Analysis Report, Design Specification, or other governing documents. In
addition, this Standard may serve as a guide for the assessment of vibration levels of applicable
piping systems during plant operation.
General
This Standard is one of a series of nuclear power plant testing standards; it was developed as a
guide for vibration testing and monitoring under the sponsorship of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) as an effort by the Nuclear Codes and Standards Operation and
Maintenance Committee. This committee has been chartered to identify, develop, maintain, and
review Codes and Standards considered necessary for the safe and efficient operation and main-
tenance of nuclear power plants to ensure structural and functional adequacy.
in February 1976, the ASME Operation and Maintenance Committee established the Sub-
committee on Vibration Monitoring under whose jurisdiction this Standard was prepared. The
Subgroup on Piping Systems responsible for development of this Standard was established in
March 1977. The provisions of this Standard apply directly to the owners and operators of
nuclear power plants.
in documentation pertaining to a specific plant, statements such as “The piping systems are
being tested in accordance with ASME Nuclear Vibration Standards” may be made only with
the provision that the mandatory requirements of this Standard have been satisfied for each
piping system covered by the ASME standard.
Suggestions for improvements as gained in the use of this Standard will be welcomed. They
should be sent to the Secretary, ASME Vibration Monitoring Subcommittee, The American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York,
New York, 10017.
This Standard was approved by The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Committee
on Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plant Components. It was subsequently
designated and approved ANSI/ASME OM3-1981 by the American National Standards Institute
on June 3, 1982.
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

~~ -~
9009275 0026055 537
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Committee on Operation and Maintenance
of Nuclear Power Plant Components
OF FICE RS
W. P. Johnson, Chairman
J. M. Kufd, Vice Chairman
K. I. Baron, Secretary
MAIN COMMITTEE
K. 1. Baron, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, New York
D. C. Beaffy, Catalytic, Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ß. W. Beer, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
G, G. Boyle, Microswitch Division of Honeywell, Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
i. J. Chockie, General Electric, San Jose, California
J. ß. Duck, Jr., Marsh & McLennan Nuclear Consultants, Dallas, Texas
J. J. Ferencsik, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
T. W. Fitzgerald, American Nuclear Insurers, Farmington, Connecticut
J. Greco. Ebasco Services, Norcross, Georgia
W.P. Johnson, Yankee Atomic Electric Company, Framingham, Massachusetts
€. i. Jordan, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C.
F. i. Kelly, Personnel Qualification Services, Coram, New York
G. f. Kitz, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois
B. Koh, Hittman Nuclear 81Development Corporation, Columbia, Maryland
J. M. Kufel. Northeast Utilities Service Company, Hartford, Connecticut
ß. H. Moore, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
J. D. Phinney, Babcock 81Wilcox, Lynchburg, Virginia
J. H. Shortt, Toledo Edison Company, Toledo, Ohio
W. C. Sommer, Burns & R o e , Incorporated, Oradell. New Jersey
J. W.stacey, Yankee Atomic Electric Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts
R. J. Walker, Combustion Engineering Corporation, Windsor, Connecticut
E i. WiMiamson, Southern Company Services, Birmingham, Alabama
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
V
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

m 9009275 0026056 473 m
SUBCOMMITTEE ON VIBRATION MONITORING
G. T. Kitz, Chairman, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois

J. R. Hoffman, Secretary, Yankee Atomic Electric Company, Framingham, Massachusetts
G. Bohm, Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
ß. E. Hurcbings, General Electric Company, San Jose, California
ß. C. Kryter, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
B. i. Lubin, Combustion Engineering, Windsor, Connecticut
J. M. McBride, Bechtel Power Corporation, San Francisco, California
G. C. Millman, NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland
A. J. Oster, Stone 81Webster Engineering Corporation, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
P. J. Peknrl, Rockwell International, Canoga Park, California
J. S. G. Wil/iams, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tennessee
G. Zig/er, Science Applications Incorporated, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
SUBGROUP ON PIPING SYSTEM VIBRATION TESTING
J. S G. Williams, Chairman, Tennessee Valley Authority,

A. J. Aymb, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
D. A. DesMarais, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
K. Khuzaie, General Electric Company, San Jose, California
G. T. Ki@, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois
L. Memula, Bechtel Power Corporation, San Francisco, California
J. I?. Rajan, US. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C.
H. J. 77mi/er, Nuclear Service Corporation, Campbell, California
J. C. Wache/, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
vi
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

~
W 9009275 O026057 30T
CONTENTS
...
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lu
Standards Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Visual Inspection Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Simplified Method for Qualifying Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Rigorous Verification Method for Steady-State and Transient Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8 Corrective Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Figures
1 Nominal Vibrational Deflection Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Deflection Measurement at Intersection of Pipe and Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Single Span Deflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 Cantilever Span Deflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5 Cantilever Span-Elbow Span in Plane Deflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Cantilever Span-Elbow Guided Span in Plane Deflection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 15
7 Span-Elbow Span Out of Plane Deflection Measurement. Span Ratio < O S . . . . . . . . 16
8 Span-Elbow Span Out of Plane Deflection Measurement. Span Ratio > 0.5. . . . . . . . 16
9 Span-Elbow Span Out of Plane Configuration Coefficientvs Ratio of Spans . . . . . . . 17
10 Correction Factor Cl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Table
1 Examples of Transient Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 5
Appendices
A Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
B AnalysisMethods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
C Test/Analysis Correlation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
D Velocity Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
9009275 0026058 246
ANSIIASME OM3-1982
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
REQUIREMENTS FOR PREOPERATIONAL AND INITIAL START-UP VIBRATION

TESTING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PIPING SYSTEMS
1 INTRODUCTION 2.4 System

1.1 Scope An assembly of piping subassemblies and compo-
nents whose limits and functions are defined in its
This Standard provides general requirements for
design specifications.
the assessment of piping system vibration for nuclear
power plants, including Section III of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and applicable
ANSI classified systems. It includes steady-state and 2.5 Record Drawing Set
transient vibration testing, acceptance criteria, and
The set of drawings which define the system's
recommendations for corrective action when required.
layout and support configuration at the time the
"'his Standard is applicable for vibration qualifica-
system is placed in service for testing.
tion and design verification during preoperational and
start-up testing of piping systems which require test-
ing by the nuclear power plant safety analysis report,
design specification, or other governing documents. 2.6 Steady-State Vibration
In addition, this Standard may serve as a guide for
Repetitive vibrations which occur for relatively long
the assessment of vibration levels of applicable piping
periods of time during normal plant operation.
systems during plant operation.
2 TERMINOLOGY 2.7 Transient Vibrations

2.1 Owner Vibrations which occur during relatively short
The organization responsible for the operation, periods of time. Examples of transient sources of
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
maintenance, safety, and power generation of the vibration are: pump actuation and pump switching,
nuclear power plant. rapid valve opening or closing, and safety relief valve
operation.
2.2 Design Specification

The document provided by the Owner as required 2.8 h h m a l Operating Conditions
by NCA-3250 Of Section II1 Of the Code for the The service conditions the system would experience
component/system which contains requirements to when performing its intended function.
provide a complete basis for the construction of the
component/sy stem.
2.9 Test Conditions

--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.3 Maintenance/Repair/Replacement
The service conditions experienced by the system
Actions taken to prevent or correct deficiencies in when undergoing tests to ensure its intended func-
the system operation. tional ability.

0026059 182 D
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIASME OM3-1982
2.10 Test Specification 2.18 Test Hold Points

The document or documents prepared by the System operating conditions for which test infor-
Owner or his assignee which meets the requirements mation is to be collected, e.g., with the reactor at X %
set forth in Section 3. power, with the system at full flow, etc.
2.1 1 Design Verification 2.19 Quality Assurance

The process during which the design adequacy of Ail those planned and systematic actions necessary
the system is validated. This includes checking the to provide adequate confidence that an item or
record drawing set against the installed system and facility will perform satisfactorily in service.
evaluating actual system behavior against applicable
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
analyses and/or acceptance criteria.
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.12 Prototype The Owner shall determine the portions of piping

systems to be tested and &ali classify these systems
A system built on the basis of an original design for into the vibration monitoring groups defined in the
which there are no previous system test results following section. The minimum general requirements
available. for the classification by groups are provided in 3.1;
however, the Owner may place a system into a more
stringent vibration monitoring group (VMG).
2.13 Duplicate
Vibration conditions are classified into steady-state
A system built on the basis of a previously used and and transient vibration categories. A system may be
proven design for which test results are available. classified into one vibration monitoring group for
steady-state vibrations and into another group for
transient vibrations. The testing requirements, accept-
2.14 PreoperationalTesting ance criteria, and recommendations for corrective
action associated with these categories are provided
Test activities performed prior to initial fuel loading. below. The vibration testing and assessment of vibra-
tion levels may be conducted during preoperational
and initial start-up testing or during plant operation
2.15 Initial Start-up Testing in accordance with the requirements of the test
Test activity performed during or following initial Specification.
fuel loading, but prior to commercial operation. For preoperational, initial start-up, and operational
These activities include fuel loading, precritical tests, testing, a test specification shall be prepared which
initial criticality, low power tests, and power ascen- wiU include, as a minimum:
sion tests. (a) pretest requirements or conditions
(b) type test (i.e., steady-state or transient)
(c) systems to be tested
2.16 Operational Testing (á) test conditions
(e) measurements (including visual observation)
Test activities performed subsequent to initial to be made
start-up testing, e.g., testing performed during com- U, acceptance criteria
mercial operation of the plant. (g) test hold points
(h) instrumentation to be used (including instru-
ment specifications)
2.17 ASMECode
(i) governing documents and drawings
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section 0) data handling and storage
III. (k) quality control and assurance

//^:^^#^~^^""~
~ ~
m 9009275 0026060 9T4
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982
(I) system restoration vibration monitoring groups according to the criteria

(m)precautions presented in 3.3.1 and 3.1.2.
The test specifications shall be written in a manner Piping systems which are inaccessible for visual
to ensure that the objectives of the tests are satisfied observation or measurement using portable devices,
and that results obtained are conservative. Prior to during the conditions listed in the test specification,
testing, an inspection of components and supports shall be classified into either VMG 2 or VMG 1.
shall be made to verify correct installation according In addition to the requirements presented in 3.1.1
to the record drawing set, specifications, and ap- and 3.1.2, the safety or power generation function, or
propriate codes. both, of the system should also be considered when
When test results are to be correlated to specific classifying the system into the vibration monitoring
analysis, test conditions and measurements should be groups.
sufficiently specified to ensure that the parameters
and assumptions used in the analysis are not violated.
3.1.1 Steady-State Vibration
The correlation between test and analysis should con-
firm the validity of the analysis and should indicate 3.1.1.1 Vibration Monitoring Group 1. The
that the analytical results are conservative. If the test monitoring program required for systems evaluated in
results indicate that the analysis is not adequate this group typically involves sophisticated monitoring
or when the measured data from the test indicates devices and extensive data collection to accurately
that the actual forcing function is not conservatively determine vibratory pipe stresses or other specified
covered by the forcing functions used in the analysis, component limitations.
the analytic data should be modified or conservatively When accurate measurement of the system response
scaled prior to correlating the test and analysisresults. characteristics is required, the techniques and devices
The vibration monitoring requirements and accep- implied by the requirements for this vibration moni-
tance criteria are defined in 3.2. If the test data toring group shall be employed. Determination of
mode shapes, modal response magnitudes, and total
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
exceeds the value specified in the hold point section
of the test specification, two options are available - system response is possible using these evaluation
further testing or evaluation to a more rigorous techniques.
method or corrective action taken as described in Ail portions of piping systems which experience
Section 8. steady-state vibrations and meet one of the following
Cognizant engineering personnel shall participate in requirements shall be classified in VMG 1 and shall
the development of test specification requirements, meet the acceptance criteria of 3.2.1.
selection of instrumentation, establishment of ac- 3.1.1.1.1 Piping systems which exhibit a response
ceptance criteria, review, evaluation, and approval of not characterized by simple piping modes (e.g., rela-
test results. tively stiff piping mounted between large, softly
Selection of the locations of measuring devices and mounted equipment).
the type of measurements to be made shall be based
upon piping stress analysis, response of a similar 3.1.I.1.2 Piping systems for which the methods
system, or experience gained through testing of the of VMG 2 and VMG 3 are not applicable based on
subject system, and shall reflect any unique opera- limitations given in Sections 4 and 5.
tional characteristics of the system being tested. 3.1.1.2 Vibration Monitoring Group 2. The
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
Evaluation of the test data shall consider charac- methods and devices employed in the evaluation
teristics of the measuring devices used. of vibration monitoring Group 2 provide a means
of ascertaining whether the piping systems are vibrat-
ing, and provide a means for ascertaining the maxi-
3.1 Classification
mum response at a given location.
Piping system vibrations are classified into two All portions of piping systems which meet one of
categories - steady-state and transient - as defined the following requirements shall be classified in vibra-
in 2.8 and 2.9. Within each applicable category the tion monitoring Group 2 and shali meet the accep-
piping system shall be classified into one of the three tance criteria specified in 3.2.2.
I
~
7009275 002bObL 830
3.1.1.2.1 All piping systems which may exhibit 3.1.2.2 Vibration Monitoring Group 2. Portions
significant vibration response based on past ex- of piping systems which experience transient vibra-
perience with similar systems or similar system tions and meet the following requirements shall be
operating conditions. classified in VMG 2 and shall meet acceptance criteria
specified in 3.2.2.
3.1.1.2.2 Piping systems for which the method
of VMG 3 is not applicable based on limitation 3.1.2.2.1 Systems which are designed and ana-
given in Section 4. lyzed for known anticipated dynamic loading condi-
tions and for which the applied loading (i.e., fluid or
3.1.1.3 Vibration Monitoring Group 3.The visual
mechanical) is based upon methodology which is
method employed in the evaluation of vibration
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
known to conservatively predict the transient forcing
monitoring Group 3 is most fundamental and pro-
function and corresponding structural response.
vides the most simplified means for determining
whether any significant vibrations exist in the system. 3.1.2.3 Vibration Monitoring Group 3. Ail por-
Evaluation of vibration levels using this method is tions of piping systems which experience transient
based upon experience and judgment and provides an vibrations and meet the following requirements
acceptable basis for assessment. If firm quantitative should be classified in VMG 3 and shall meet the
assessments are required, the methods in vibration acceptance criteria specified in 3.2.3.
monitoring Groups 1 or 2 should be employed. 3.1.2.3.1 Systems which undergo transient vibra-
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Ail portions of piping systems which meet one of

tions during their operating life (e.g., systems subjected
the following requirements shall be classified in vibra-
to pump start-up transients, valve opening, or closure)
tion monitoring Group 3 and shall meet the accep-
and which by past experience with simiiar systems or
tance criteria specified in 3.2.3.
system operating conditions are not expected to
3.1.1.3.1 Systems falling in VMG 1 or VMG 2 exhibit significant vibrational response.
classification for which measurements or prior test
data are available on prototype or duplicate systems
3.2. Monitoring Requirements and Acceptance
and for which the minimum unacceptable vibrations
Criteria
are observable.
Special attention should be given to the precautions
3.1.I.3.2 Portions of ASME Class 1, 2, 3, and
listed in 4.3.
ANSI B31.1 piping systems which are not expectedto The acceptance criteria presented in this subsection
exhibit significant vibrational response based on past are based upon the following assumptions. The
experience with simiiar systems or system operating
Owner may invoke less stringent criteria provided
conditions.
sufficient justification is given. More stringent criteria
shall be invoked if the following assumptions are
deemed inappropriate for the system under review.
3.1.2 Transient Vibration. Table 1 presents some
examples of transient conditions to which systems Assumptions
may be subjected. (a) Vibrations cause maximum stresses within the
elastic range, therefore, no penalty for plastic cycling
3.1.2.1 Vibration Monitoring Group 1. Portions
is incurred.
of piping systems which experience transient vibra-
(b) Thermal transient effects, if they exist during
tions and meet the following requirement shall be
the vibration incident, have already been considered
classified in VMG 1 and shall meet acceptance criteria
in the piping system evaluation.
specified in 3.2.1.
(c) The membrane stresses caused by pressure
3.1.2.1.1 Systems which from past plant opera- fluctuations, alone, are insignificant in comparison
tion experience are known to experience signifcant to the stresses caused by the vibratory moments.
dynamic transient conditions due to the inherent (d) The usage factor from the vibration incident
nature of component design, system operation, or does not signficanüy affect the cumulative usage
system design features, for which a transient analysis factor calculated for other predefined transient
is not performed. conditions.

9009275 002bOb2 777
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES OF TRANSIENT CONDITIONS
Reactor coolant system Normal start and stop o f reactor recirculation pumps
Flow control system changes (BWR)
Main steam line Turbine bypass system operation

Main steam isolation valve closure
Turbine stop valve closure
Safety valve, relief valve, or safety relief valve operation
Atmospheric dump valve operation
Pressurizer Safety valve, relief valve, or safety relief valve operation
Feedwater and Normal start and stop of feed pumps, condensate and condensate
condensate systems booster pumps, and feedwater heater drain pumps
System response t o both manual and automatic valve operation
Feedwater control system changes
Other ASME Class 2 and 3 Normal startup and shutdown o f systems or transfer to other normal
and B31 water pumping modes o f operation
systems, ECCS systems,
service water and emer-
gency raw cooling
water systems
(e) Strain controlled fatigue curves of Section III

- local stress index as defined in the ASME
K2 -
of the ASME Code represent the S-N fatigue charac- Code
teristics for the material and loading considered. M = maximum zero to peak dynamic moment
loading due to vibration only, or in com-
bination with other loads as required by
3.2.1 Vibration Monitoring Group 1
the system Design Specification
3.2.1.1 The vibration response of Group 1 - endurance limit (S,)from Figs. 1-9.1 or
Sei -
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
systems shall be evaluated using the methods and 1-9.2 of Section IÏI of the ASME Code'
devices listed in Section 6. Z = section modulus of the pipe
(b) For ASME Class 2 and 3 piping, ANSI B3 1:
3.2.1.2 For steady-state vibration, the maxi-
mum calculated alternating stress intensity Sa,,
should be limited as defmed below:
(a) For ASME Class 1 piping systems: Sait - C2K2M G(0.8)Se,
Z
CK
sait
= M < 0.8 Se,
Z where
C2K2 = 2i
where
Cz = secondary stress index as defined in the 'The user shall consider the influence of temperature o n the
ASME Code Modulus of Elasticity.

//^:^^
W 9009275 002bOb3 b03 W
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVASME OM^-1982
i = stress intensification factor, as defined in (b) For ASME Class 2 and 3 and B31 piping, the
Subsections NC and ND of the ASME Code stresses shall be evaluated in accordance with the
or B31 requirements of 3.2.1.2(b).
If significant vibration levels are detected during the 3.2.2 Vibration Monitoring Group 2
test program which had not been previously con- 3.2.2.1 The vibration response of Group 2
sidered in the piping system analysis, consideration systems should be measured using one or more of the
should be given to modifying the Design Specifica- vibration monitoring devices specified in Section 5.
tion to reverify applicable code conformance.
3.2.2.2 The piping vibratory responses of VMG 2
piping shall be evaluated in accordance with the
allowable deflection or velocity limits given in Sec-
3.2.1.3 For transient vibrations, the maximum tion 5 . These limits are based on meeting the stress
alternating stress intensity should be limited to the requirements of 3.2.1. If adequate quantitative data
value defined below. Before determining the allow- cannot be obtained or unacceptable vibration res-
ponse is indicated by the methods and devices listed
able maximum alternating stress intensity, an esti-
mate should be made of the equivalent number of in Section 5, the methods and devices of Section 6
may be used.
maximum anticipated vibratory load cycles (EVLC).
(a) For ASME Class 1 piping systems, the maxi-
3.2.3 Vibration Monitoring Group 3
mum alternating stress intensity shall be limited to
the value which will not invalidate the Stress Report, 3.2.3.1 The vibration response of Group 3
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
or if the transient event was not previously con- systems shall be determined by the methods and
sidered in the Stress Report, the following procedure devices listed in Section 4.
O
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
should be followed. The unused usage factor shall 3.2.3.2 If an acceptable level of vibration is
be determined from: noted, no further measurement or evaluation is
required. The observer shall be responsible for assess-
UV = ‘ 1 - u ing whether the observed vibration level is acceptable.
The basis for determining whether the vibration level
where is acceptable s h d be consistent with the limits
U = cumulative usage factor from ASME Class specified in 3.2.1.
1 analysis, which excluded vibratory load
3.2.3.3 If the level of vibration is too small to be
The maximum allowable equivalent vibratory load perceived and the possibility of damage is judged to
cycles shall be calculated from: be minimal, the system is acceptable.
The judgment as to acceptability can be made
(EVLC) oniy by evaluation of all the following facts as to
Nv = - their effect on the piping stress:
UV (a) vibration magnitude and location
The value of Sa shall be obtained from either Fig. (b) proximity to “sensitive equipment”
1-9.1 or 1-9.2 using N,. The maximum alternating (c) branch connection behavior
stress intensity Sa,, shall be limited to 0.8 Sa ( d ) capability of nearby component supports
where Any unique operational characteristics of the system
S, = allowable alternating peak stress value from shall be considered in the evaluation.
Fig. 1-9.1 or 1-9.2 of Section III of the 3.2.3.4 If an acceptable assessment of the ob-
ASME Code. For transient vibrations, served deflections cannot be made, the acceptability
which were not previously analyzed and of vibration must be based on measured data.
for which it is not appropriate to evaluate
the load separately, a new fatigue analysis 3.2.3.5 If unacceptable vibration levels are in-
may be required in accordance with Sec- dicated by the methods and devices listed in Section
tion III of the ASME Code. 4, the methods and devices of Section 5 may be used.
.
Provided by_ IHS
’ under license with ASME
H 9009275 0026064 5 4 T
4 VISUAL INSPECTION METHOD 4.3.2 Branch Piping. Minor main line vibration
4.1 Obiective
may cause branch piping vibration of significant
magnitude remote from the branch connection. These
The acceptability of piping systems in VMG 3 to lines s h d be reviewed together with the system being
withstand the effects of steady-state and transient qualified.
vibration can be evaluated by observation. This
Section will discuss the different techniques and 4.3.3 Multiple Pump Operation. In cases where
some of the simple devices that can be employed in there are several pumps that operate in parallel, the
the evaluation. Finally, some of the possible problems most significant vibration might occur when some
that could be encountered during the preoperational combinations of the pumps are operating.
and startup of systems will be outlined.
4.3.4 Sensitive Equipment. Vibrations which can
affect the functionality, operability, and structural
capability of sensitive equipment such as pumps,
4.2 Evaluation Techniques valves, and heat exchangers should be closely re-
viewed.
The location or locations of maximum deflection
can be ascertained by observation. The magnitude of 4.3.5 Welded Attachment. Special consideration
the displacement may be estimated by the use of shall be given t o the areas near the welded attach-
simple measurement devices (e.g., rules, optical ment in the piping system subjected to vibration.
wedge, spring hanger scale, etc.). When simple mea- If the welded attachment configuration is such that
surement devices are used, the precautions of Appen- it could cause local movement in the pipe due t o
dix A shall be observed. vibration, the effects of local stress shd be considered.
4.2.1 Steady-State Vibration. During the preopera-

tional and start-up testing phases of a plant, the pip-
ing systems shall be observed during its various modes
of operation, as defined in the test specification. The
5 SIMPLIFED METHOD FOR QUALIFYING
acceptability of the observed vibration shall be
PIPING SYSTEMS
determined in accordance with 3.2.3.
5.1 Steady-State Vibration
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.2.2 Transient Vibration. During the preopera-

This Section describes simplified methods for the
tional and start-up testing phases of a plant, the pip-
evaluation of steady-state vibration of piping systems
ing systems in VMG 3 shall be observed during the
which will determine if the vibration exceeds an
transient event as defined in the test specification.
acceptable level. It is intended for application to
The test may be repeated, if necessary, to make the
systems which are undergoing steady-state vibration
observation at different points. The acceptability of
and are accessible for a number of vibration measure-
observed response shall be based on 3.2.3.
ments at various points in the piping system. Piping
systems which are not suitable or adaptable to these
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
methods may be evaluated by procedures defined in
Section 6.
4.3 Precautions
The foliowing provide a few precautions and 5.1.1 Displacement Method

specific items that should be reviewed. 5.1.1.1 General Requirements. The simplified
method requires that displacement should be deter-
4.3.1 Vents and Drains. Local vents and drains mined at representative points on the piping system.
typically have one or two isolation valves that act as The piping system shall be subdivided into sufficient
concentrated masses. If they have not been braced, subsystems or vibratory (characteristic) spans con-
careful attention should be given to vibration in this taining appropriate or conservative boundary condi-
area. tions, as described in detail in 5.1.1 S.1.

9009275 0026065 486 9
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANS I/ASM E OM3-1982
5.1.1.2 Instrumentation. A hand-held or tem- (c) The process piping drives the branch piping at a
porarily mounted transducer which is suitable for high acceleration level as a rigid body. This problem is
making multiple measurements of displacement should generally associated with a cantilevered mass. The
be utilized. An accelerometer may be utilized, with peak acceleration at the center of gravity of the
velocity and displacement obtained by single and branch piping must be measured to establish the
double integration, respectively, of the acceleration inertial force acting at the center of gravity of the
signai, The precautions of Section 7 on measurement branch piping. The cantilever mass and center of
techniques should be observed. It is recommended to gravity of the branch piping must be conservatively
determine response frequencies and their relative estimated and a resultant stress calculated. The re-
amplitudes as an aid in verifying the appropriateness sultant stress should be compared with the criteria
of the subsystem model selected, and to assist in listed in 3.2.1.2(a) and 3.2.1.2(b).
determining the source of vibration.
5.1.1.3 Deflection Measurement of Process

Piping. Measurements are taken along the piping t o 5.1.1.5 Deflection Limits. The vibrational deflec-
measure peak deflection points and to establish node tion limit of a piping system depends on a large num-
points of minimum deflection. The node points ber of material and geometric considerations with
establish the characteristic span lengths. Node points many combinations of the variables. It becomes nec-
(zero deflection points) are generally found at re- essary to classify piping systems into smaller subsys-
straint points, but could be located between con- tems which can be physically defined and modeled. A
straints on long runs of piping. The deflection limit deflection measurement can then be conservatively
can be determined from the curves or nomographs checked against an allowable deflection limit cal-
presented in Figs. 1 through 9. These nornographs culated for that subsystem. A breakdown of the
and curves relate limiting deflection with span length piping subsystems for which allowable deflection
and pipe diameter for some typical piping instaila- limits have been computed are given in 5.1.1.5.1.
tions. Deflection limits are given in nomograph form in
Fig. 1 in terms of a characteristic span length, outside
5.1.1.4 Deflection Measurement of Branch Piping. pipe diameter, and a configuration coefficient. The
Branch piping is attached to process piping and has characteristic span and the configuration coefficient
a smaller diameter than the process piping. Three of are established by breaking the piping system into a
the potential problems which can exist are listed series of piping subsystems as described in 5.1.1.5.1
below. The deflection limit is determined by entering the
(a) Branch piping can be excited at its resonant nomograph of Fig. 1 with the established value of
frequency by motion of the process piping, fluid configuration coefficient K , outside pipe diameter
D o , and the characteristic span length L.
pulsation, or other sources. This problem is charac-
terized by high amplitude vibrations with a clearly The nominal vibration deflection values determined
defined frequency ani mode shape. The amplitude from the nomograph of Fig. 1 are based on an allow-
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
measured on the branch pipe is generally much larger able stress of 10,000 psi with stress indices equal to
than the process piping. Due to the phasing, the rela- unity. The allowable deflection limit is determined by :
tive motion of the branch pipe to the process pipe is
0.8Se,
closely approximated by adding the displacement
measurement of the process pipe to the motion of the
branch pipe. The deflection limits defined in 5.1.1.5
'
al1o W.
-
10,000*C2K2 *an
are applicable. where
( b ) The attachment point of the branch pipe with
the process line displaces relative to a branch line sup- Se,, C,, and K , are defined in 3.2.1.2, 6 , = value of
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
port. The deflection limits defined in 5.1.1.5 are deflection obtained (Fig. i), and 6 al,ow. = allowable
applicable when the deflections measured reflect zero to peak deflection limit.
relative motion between points on the branch piping The dowable deflection limit is then compared to
and can be associated with a deflected shape. the measured value for piping vibration qualification.
us=,
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
.I-
Not for Resale
~~ - ~
m 9009275 002bObb 312
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIASME OM3-1982
5.1.1.5.1 Classification of Piping Subsystems ment of the maximum velocity (V,,,.) at that point
It is recommended that the measured deflection is made and compared with an allowable peak
data be examined to assist in determining the ap- velocity (Vallow.) as given in 5.1.2.4. The criterion
propriate piping unit used to obtain the dowable for acceptability is:
deflection limit.
Piping units are broadly classified into two cate-
gories by the piping restraints. A single end restraint
with one end free forms the first category, and 5.1.2.2 Instrumentation. The instrument used
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
restraint of both ends of a piping unit forms the should be portable and capable of making a number
second category. The categories are then subdivided of consecutive velocity measurements at various
into combinations of a single span and two spans points on the piping. The instrument should be
joined by a 90 deg. elbow. Deflections are measured capable of indicating a trace of the actual velocity-
in the plane of the elbow and out of the plane of the time signal from which the maximum velocity can be
elbow as shown in Fig. 2. The rotational constraint at read. This may be achieved by readout devices such
restraint points is assumed to be fured for a conserva- as a cathode ray tube or a paper chart recorder.
tive computation of the allowable deflection limit. Alternatively, the instrument could have a holding
An outline of the basic piping units is given below. circuit which would result in a meter reading of the
For any configuration not covered in 5.1.1.5.1, the maximum velocity.
K factor can be established by the user provided
equivalent conservatism is maintained. 5.1.2.3 Procedure. initial measurements are to
(a) single end restraint - cantilever: be taken at points on the piping which appear to be
(I) cantilever single span (Fig. 4); undergoing the largest displacements. These wiii
(2) cantilever span, elbow, span; n o d y correspond to points of highest velocity.
(a) deflection in plane of elbow - end span At each such point, measurements can be taken
free (Fig. 5 ) ; around the circumference of the pipe to find the
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(b) deflection in plane of elbow - guided end magnitude of the maximum velocity. Measurements
span (Fig. 6); may be confmed to directions perpendicular to the
(b) restraint at both ends of piping unit: axis of the pipe at that point.
( I ) singlespan The maximum velocity should be obtained only
(a) single span (Fig. 3); from the actual velocity-time signal. The readout of
(b) single span with elbow restraint [special the signal should be of sufficient duration to ensure
case of (b)(l)(a) or limit case of (b)(2)(a)] ; a high probability that the maximum velocity has in
(2) span, elbow, span fact been obtained for that point in that direction.
(a) maximum deflection measured out of plane
of elbow between restraint point and elbow of long 5.12.4 Allowable Peak Velocity. The expression
span (characteristic span); ratio of short span to for allowable velocity is:
long span is less than 0.5 (Fig. 7 with configuration
coefficient K from Fig. 9);
(b) maximum deflection measured out of
plane of elbow at intersection of long span and
elbow; ratio of short span to long span is between
‘ailow
.
=-
cIc4
c3
(
3.64~
0.5 and 1.0 (Fig. 8 with configuration coefficient K

from Fig. 9). where
ValIoW.= allowable velocity, in./sec
5.1.2 Velocity Method Sel, C, and& are defmed in 3.2.1.2. The secondary
5.1.2.1 General Requirements. The method stress index C2 and the local stress index K , are
requires consecutive measurements of velocity at associated with the point of maximum stress and not
various points on the piping system in order to locate necessarily with the point of maximum velocity.
the point which is exhibiting the maximum vibratory This velocity criterion is consistent with the deflec-
velocity. Once this point is located, a final measure- tion criterion for a fixed end beam.

~ -~ ~ ~ ~
9009275 0026067 259
C, = a correction factor to compensate for the the analytical responses must be shown to be conser-
effect of concentrated weights along the vative through comparison of the analytical responses
characteristic span of the pipe (see Fig. 10) with those measured during testing. The simplified
C, = a correcton factor accounting for pipe con- method requires that dynamic response of piping, at
tents and insulation selected locations, be measured. A minimum of two
separate remote locations selected for the data points
i ?+%)
should be based on the analysis performed. In addi-
= 1.0 +- tion, fluid pressure may be measured. The necessary
W parameters to be measured and their locations shall
be included in the test specification.
where The criteria for acceptability of the measured data
W = weight of the pipe per unit length (lb/ft) are given in 5.2.3. If the criteria specified in 5.2.3 are
WF = weight of the pipe contents per unit length not met, additional evaluation of the piping systems
(1b /ft) based on the measured data shall be made to justify
WINS = the weight of the insulation per unit length the acceptance. This may include reanalysis of the
(Ib/ft) piping system based on measured data.
= 1.0 for pipe without insulation and either
empty or containing steam 5.2.2 Instrumentation. Appropriate instruments as
C4 = correction factor for end conditions dif- recommended in Section 7 shall be utilized for
ferent from fmed ends and for configura- obtaining the piping system responses.
tions different from straight spans
= 1.0 for a straight span fmed at both ends, 5.2.3 Measurements and Criteria for Acceptance.
but conservative for any practical end con- The measured responses shall be compared to the
ditions for straight spans of pipe analytically obtained response of the system. If the
= 1.33 for cantilever and simply supported analysis indicates larger responses than those mea-
pipe span sured and the general requirements of Section 3 con-
= 0.74 for equal leg Z-bend cerning analysis versus test conditions have been met,
= 0.83 for equal leg U-bend then the vibratory response of the system is accept-
Appendix D presents examples of correction factors able.
C, and C4 for typical piping spans along with a com-
bination of these factors to provide an initial screen-
ing method.
5.3 Inaccessible Piping (Both Steady-State and
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Transient)
For inaccessible piping systems requiring monitor-

ing, the search procedure for maximum response
location is not required. The locations of anticipated
5.2 Transient Vibration
maximum response at which measurement devices are
This section defines a method for evaluation of to be applied shall be defined. Adequate precautions
vibration of the piping systems subjected to transient shall be taken to verify that the assumptions used for
loads for which the expected response under the the selection of anticipated maximum response
anticipated transient loads is determined by analysis. locations are consistent with the installed system
Piping systems that are not suitable or adaptable to response.
these methods shall be evaluated by the methods of
Section 6 .
6 RIGOROUS VERIFICATION METHOD FOR
5.2.1 General Requirements. This method requires STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT VIBRATION
that a dynamic analysis of the piping system subjected
to the expected transient loads has been performed The method described in this Section is required
yielding the system dynamic responses. Furthermore, when the portion of the system is evaluated in
10

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANS IIASME OM3-1982
VMG 1 or when the methods of Sections 4 and 5 are modal displacements are available and two of these
not applicable or overly conservative. It is also intend- are discussed in Appendix B. When using either of
ed for application to systems where the dynamic the two methods described in Appendix B, special
characteristics indicate that the system modes are attention should be given to separately identify
primarily a result of rocking of massive equipment closely spaced modes which may exist in the system.
(such as pumps, heat exchangers, etc.). The primary
objective of this verification is to obtain an accurate 6.1.4 Test and Analysis Correlation. The measured
assessment of the vibrational stresses in the piping modal frequencies and modal displacements of the
system from the measured vibrational behavior. piping system shall be correlated to analytically
Two acceptable techniques for implementing this obtained modal frequencies and mode shapes for all
method are given in 6.1 and 6.2 along with corres- major contributing modes. As a minimum, the test
ponding requirements. 6.1 is supplemented by Ap- and analytical mode shapes shall correlate with
pendices B and C which describe several methods respect to the predominant modal direction; the
of implementing this technique.
relative magnitudes of the modal components need
not be in exact agreement. In addition, the corres-
6.1 Modal Response Technique ponding modal frequencies of the test and analysis
shall be in reasonable agreement.
6.1.I General Requirements. This method requires
that the modal displacements and natural frequencies
6.1.5 Evaluation of the Measured Responses. The
of the system be identified from the test data.
measured modal displacements of the piping and
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The method also requires that a modal analysis of the. .correlated analytical results shall be used to
the system be performed yielding analy tically deter- ~ .
obtain an accurate assessment of the vibrational
mined natural frequencies and mode shapes and
stresses (or moments) in the piping system. A method
modal stress vectors (or bending moments) correspond-
for obtaining the vibrational stress in the piping using
ing to the mode shape vectors. The analysis and test
the measured piping displacements and the informa-
natural frequencies and mode shapes of the piping
tion from the modal analysis of the system is given in
system shall be correlated and the analytical stress
Appendix C. The resulting vibrational stresses shall
vectors shail then be used to determine the actual
be evaluated according to the acceptance criteria of
state of stress in the piping due to the measured
3.2.1.2.
modal displacements.
6.1.2 Test Requirements. The piping system shall

be instrumented sufficiently to enable identification
of the natural frequencies and modal displacements.
It is not necessary to ensure that the measurements 6.2. Measured Stress Technique
are taken at the location of maximum vibration.
The instrumentation may be capable of measuring Strain gages can be used to directly determine
acceleration, displacement, or velocity according to stresses in the piping system during steady-state or
the guidelines of Section 7. Locations of instruments transient vibration. This section outlines the general
shall correspond closely to points included in the requirements in the use of strain gages. Several pre-
analytical model of the system. cautions associated with the use of strain gages are
The system shall be exercised through the condi- presented in Section 7. These precautions should be
considered prior to defining the test program.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
tions defined in test specifications. A sufficient
amount of data shall be recorded to allow appropriate
data processing as described in 6.1.3. 6.2.1 General Requirements. The piping system
shall be instrumented on straight pipe with a sufficient
6.1.3 Data Processing. Steady-state vibration data number of gages near points where maximum stresses
shall be reduced to obtain the zero-to-peak displace- in the piping system are expected t o occur. Strain
ment in each of the predominant vibrational modes gages shall be located remote from points of stress
of the system. Several methods of determining the concentration.
11

9009275 002bObî O21
6.2.2 Evaluation of the Measured Responses. The 8 CORRECTIVE ACTION

experimentally obtained strains at the instrumented
Should the piping vibration exceed the acceptance
points in the piping system shall be converted to a
criteria of 3.2, further evaluation is recommended to
three-component moment set and evaluated using
determine what steps are necessary to make the
the acceptance criteria of 3.2.1.2.
system acceptable. Possible corrective actions include
identification and reduction or elimination of the
offending forcing function, detuning of resonant
7 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
piping spans by appropriate modifications, addition
TECHNIQUES
of bracing to stiffen the system, and changes in operat-
Instrumentation and measurement technique guide- ing procedures to eliminate troublesome operating
lines and suggestions are contained in Appendix A. conditions.
Note, this section is not intended to be all inclusive Experience has shown that the most effective use
and the most up-to-date instrumentation and mea- of restraints is obtained by supporting piping near
surement techniques appropriate to the vibration bends, and at ail heavy masses and piping discon-
amplitudes and frequencies of the piping system tinuities. Vibrations of vents, drains, bypass, and
may be used. Ail instrumentation shall be reviewed instrument piping can be corrected by bracing the
against the expected test environment (pressure, masses (valves, flanges, etc.) to the main pipe to
temperature, humidity, etc.) and against the expected eliminate relative vibrations.
range of system responses (frequency, displacement, After corrective action is implemented, additional
velocity, etc.) to determine its capability of func- testing shall be performed to determine if the vibra-
tioning as required. tions have been sufficiently reduced to satisfy the
The acceptance criteria in this Standard are based acceptance criteria.
on zero-to-peak piping deflections; therefore, the If corrective restraints or system modifications are
instrumentation used must result in actual zero-to-peak required to make the piping system acceptable, then
measurements. If the instrumentation used yields rms the piping system analysis shali be reviewed and re-
measurements, then conservative methods must be vised to include these effects if required.
used to convert the rms measurements to zero and
to peak values.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
12
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

9009275 002b070 8 4 3
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIJASME OM3-1982
%la0
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
I
I
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
‘U! ‘ (yead o1 Oiaz) uo!13al)aa
13

= 9009275 0026071 78T
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
Tangent line
center line
FIO. 2 DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT AT INTERSECTION OF PIPE AND ELBOW
Characteristic
FIG. 3 SINGLE SPAN DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT
14
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

9009275 0026072 bLb
Characteristic
span
FIG. 4 CANTILEVER SPAN DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT
6 in plane deflection
I -
Q
Characteristic
span
i
FIG. 5 CANTI LEVER SPAN-ELBOW SPAN IN PLANE DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT
6 in plane deflection
I -
[ K=0.012 1
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
e
Guide
Characteristic
FIG. 6 CANTILEVER SPAN-ELBOW GUIDED SPAN IN PLANE DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT
15

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
m 9009275 O026073 552 m
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982
Characteristic
span L L~ Less than 0.5
-
NOTE: See Fig. 9 for K Ll
FIG. 7 SPAN-ELBOW SPAN OUT OF PLANE DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT

SPAN RATIO 0.5 <
Characteristic ‘ Between 0.5 and 1 .O

span L -
L2
L1
NOTE: See Fig. 9 for K
FIG. 8 SPAN-ELBOW SPAN OUT OF PLANE DEFLECTION MEASUREMENT

SPAN RATIO 0.5 >
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
16

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
9009275 0026074 4 9 9
0.03
0.02
L
0.01
O
O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 .o
-
‘2
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
‘1
FIG. 9 SPAN-ELBOW SPAN OUT OF PLANE CONFIGURATION

COEFFICIENT VS RATIO OF SPANS
6 n = (KLl/D,)2
1 .o
0.9
0.8
0.7
0
-
L
. 0.6
O
*
2 0.5
C
.g 0.4
E
0 0.3
o
0.2
0.1
O
O 5 10 15 20 25
Ratio of Concentrated Weight to Characteristic Span Weight
FIG. 10 CORRECTION FACTOR cl
17

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~
9009275 O026075 325
APPENDIX A
INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
A l VISUAL INSPECTION METHOD (VMG 3) their signal return lead electrically isolated from the
metal case facilitate control of unwanted ground
The simple aids suggested in 4.2 for estimating the
loops, but are considerably more expensive than the
amplitude of displacement are not required to yield
grounded case variety. Other methods for controlling
precise results. Even so, the user should be cautioned ground loops are treated in A2.1.3.7.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
against attempting to use these simple aids under

Accelerometer characteristics of particular import-
circumstances where erroneous estimates will almost
ance for piping measurements are:
surely be obtained. For example, low-amplitude
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) Vanàtion of Sensitivity With Temperature. If

(<30 mils) vibrations at relatively high frequencies
the change in sensitivity from room temperature to
e 2 0 Hz) would be difficult to quantify with a spring
operating temperature exceeds lo%, a correction
hanger scale. Likewise, low-frequency (<5 Hz)
factor determined from the manufacturer’s data sheet
vibrations are usually difficult to read with an optical
should be applied.
wedge because the eye’s persistence of vision is
(b) Variation of Sensitivity With Frequency. ‘Iliis
inadequate to yield a distinct intersection between
variation depends on the type of accelerometer, the
the dark and light regions of the wedge.
mounting technique used, and whether its output
signai is fed into a charge-sensitive amplifier or a
voltage-sensitive amplifier. Variation of sensitivity
A2 SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR QUALIFYING may be as high as 3%per decade in frequency. If the
PIPING SYSTEMS (VMG 2) variation in sensitivity exceeds 10% over the frequen-
Many of the following discussions regarding hard- cy band being measured, data should be corrected
ware selection and methodology for VMG 2 are also in accordance with the manufacturer’s data sheet.
applicable to the Rigorous Verification Method
(c) Maximum Temperature of Operation. Under no
circumstances should the maximum operating temper-
OrMG 1). ature specified by the manufacturer be exceeded,
However, direct attachment to the pipe surface is
A2.1 Hardware
usually feasible because accelerometers with maxi-
A2.1.1 Sensor. One sensor for VMG 2 measure- mum temperature ratings of at least 605°F (345°C)
ments is the piezo-electricacceleromter. Its advantages are readily available. ïñermally insulated mounts may
include a capability for high-temperature operation, also be used, if necessary, to reduce the temperature
physical durability and reliability, ease and stability at the accelerometer.
of calibration, intrinsic low noise, linearity over a (d) High-Frequency Resonances. In addition to the
wide dynamic range, small mass, and ease of applica- relatively small variation of accelerometer sensitivity
tion for absolute measurement. that may occur over the device’s working frequency
Of the two types of piezoelectric accelerometers in band, as in (b) above, almost ali accelerometers
wide use, shear-mode accelerometers with high sensi- exhibit greatly increased responses in a range of higher
tivities (10 PC/g) are the preferred type for low- frequencies (usually 5 kHz or greater) where the ac-
frequency measurements (below 5 &), because com- celerometer internais resonate. To the extent possible,
pression-mode accelerometers tend to produce this frequency region should be avoided since response
spurious outputs (from case deformation and thermal correction factors will be large and imprecisely
shock) at low frequencies. Accelerometers that have known.
18

9009275 0026076 261
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASM E OM3-1982
A2.1.2 Cables. Low-noise flexible coaxial cable is A2.1.3.3 Vibration Scale Range. The signal
strongly recommended for use between the accelero- conditioner should typically be able to measure
meter and the signal conditioner (or remote pre- velocities over the range lo-* to lo2 in./sec rms,
amplifier, if one is required). Such cable is available and displacements from to 10 in. rms. It should
for continuous operation of 500°F (26OOC). A few be realized that these measurement ranges are neces-
types may be used for short times at higher tempera- sarily frequency dependent, i.e., due to physical
tures, and some exposed-braid cable can be used limitations of background noise and instrumenta-
continuously at higher temperatures. tion noise, the lowest levels of vibration cannot be
Hardline (nonflexible), mineral-insulated cable is measured reliably at the low end of the frequency
not recommended for temporay installation of band and, conversely, the highest measurement
sensors because of its high cost, susceptibility to ranges would represent unrealistically high accelera-
fatigue failure, and difficulty in installation. tions at the high end of the frequency band. For
If possible, the cable should be continuous (con- further guidance, see A2.3.
nectionless) from the sensor to the signal condi- To provide accurate measurements over the wide
tioning unit. If connectors must be used, then pre- amplitude ranges specified above, the signal condi-
cautions should be taken to avoid the introduction tioner may provide several fixed-gain adjustments or
of moisture at these locations, since both system intermediate full-scale ranges.
sensitivity and reliability may be adversely affected.
In general, long cable runs [greater than 100 ft A2.1.3.4 High-Pass Filtering. At least two switch-
(3 m)] between the sensor and the signal condi- selected, low-frequency cutoff limits (typically 0.3
tioning unit wiü produce high noise pickup or signal at- and 3 Hz) should be provided to eliminate extremely
tenuation, and a remote preamplifier (or remote low-frequency signals and unwanted noise. The filter
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
charge converter) will be required to avoid these complexity should be at least two-pole (12 dB/octave)
difficulties. Consult the accelerometer and cable for velocity signals and at least three-pole (18 dB/
manufacturer’s data sheets for details. The connection octave) for displacement signals.
between the remote charge converter and the signal
conditioner may be made with inexpensive coaxial A2.1.3.5 Low-Pass Filtering. Low-pass filtering
cable or with a shielded twisted pair cable. of at least two-pole complexity should be applied at
the upper end of the vibration band to eliminate
A2.1.3 Signal Conditioner
A2.1.3.1 General Requirements. A signal condi-

-
unwanted high-frequency noise. The cutoff frequency
is not critical, but would typically be 1000 Hz.
tioner with a charge converter input (commonly called NOTE:We may want to supply frequency response accuracy
a charge amplifier) is recommended because the (say +1 dB) specifications for A2.1.3.4 and A2.1.3.5, in
addition to the approximate -3 dB cutoff frequencies.
accelerometer sensitivity does not vary with cable
length when used in the charge mode, whereas
A2.1.3.6 Band-Pass Filtering. Further filtering of
accelerometer sensitivity varies with cable length
when it is connected to a voltage-sensitive amplifier. the velocity and displacement signals may often be
Integrating circuits yielding velocity and displace- desirable to reduce interference among closely spaced
ment outputs from the acceleration signal must be frequency components, to enhance the signal-to-
included in the signal conditioner. Gain normaliza- noise ratio, and to help isolate vibration modes. To
tion for direct incorporation of accelerometer sensi- these ends, a switch should be available to provide
tivity (as supplied by the manufacturer) is an impor- either wide-band (limited only by the settings
tant feature because all outputs can then be designed selected under A2.1.3.4 and A2.1.3.5) or narrow-
to read out directly in absolute velocity and displace- band signals. For the latter, the band center fre-
quency should be continuously adjustable from the
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
ment units. This gain normalization would typically

be required to accommodate accelerometers with front panel over three, one-decade ranges from 1 to
-
sensitivities ranging from 1O to 250 pC/g. 1000 Hz. A recommended bandwidth between -3 dB
response frequencies is 10% to 20% of the center
A2.1.3.2 Frequency Range. A working range frequency, i.e., a “Q’ between 5 and 10. The com-
from 1 to 1000 Hz will cover practically all piping plexity of the filter should be at least two-pole (12
applications. dB/octave). Calibrated front-panel indication of

= 9009275 O026077 LTB
center frequency is desirable. An alternative method This choice will yield a peak-to-peak ripple no greater
for achieving the same ends is to employ a spectrum than 6% of the indicated rrns value for sine waves
analyzer. throughout the measurement bandwidth selected.
The settling time for such a filter is approximately
A2.1.3.7 Control of Ground Loops. The signal l/fo seconds, where fo is the lowest measurement
conditioner should have a front-panel switch that frequency, expressed in hertz.
provides separation of the signal references for the
input circuits and the output circuits. This allows A2.1.5 Auxiliary Equipment. An oscilloscope for
an internal differential circuit to remove common- viewing the waveforms of the velocity and displace-
mode ground voltages caused by having the trans- ment outputs from the signal conditioner is optional
ducer case grounded at the point of measurement. but quite helpful under many circumstances. A
The switch and differential amplifier prevent large real-time frequency analyzer (for modal separation)
ground-circuit currents from flowing through the and an analog FM tape recorder (for data preservation
accelerometer cable shield, and thus help to minimize or additional off-line study and processing, or both)
the appearance of line-frequency components at the are also useful, but optional, equipment. The averaged
output terminals of the signal conditioner. outputs from the true rms circuitry described in
A2.1.4.2 might also be made available to an optional
A2.1.4 Output Signals and Readout. The AC strip chart recorder, thereby providing a permanent
outputs for velocity and displacement should have a record of the analog meter indication.
convenient, round-number voltage associated with
full-scale output (e.g., 1.0 V rms). These outputs are
for viewing the signal waveforms with an optional
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
A 2 2 Alternatives
oscilloscope. Peak output capability of t10 V at
10 mA with 50-ohm output impedance is sufficient. A2.2.1 Accelerometer Limitations. All transducers
have limitations and some alternative sensors may
A2.1.4.1 Visual Indication. In addition to an give superior performance under certain circumstances.
oscilloscope, a suitably damped analog meter is Two intrinsic shortcomings of piezoelectric accelero-
strongly recommended to indicate the true rms meters that may cause difficulties in plant piping
value of both displacement and velocity. Due to the applications are low-level, high-impedance output and
typical time-varying amplitude of the signals being poor signai-to-noise (S/N) ratio at low frequencies,
monitored, digital indicators are generally unsatis- particularly foliowing the double integration required
factory for quantifying vibration signals. Further- to obtain displacement.
more, a true rms indication (rather than an average or In ail but the most severe electrical interference
peak value) is preferred because vibration signals environments, the accelerometer's low-level output
typically encountered may be almost random in can nevertheless be made to yield an acceptably high
character with near-Gaussian amplitude distribu- S/N ratio by placing a preamplifier (with or without
tions, or quasi-periodic with sinusoidal amplitude charge converter) close to the sensor and by using one
distributions, or pulse-like with high crest factors, and of the recommended low-noise cable types described
sometimes mixtures of all three. If r m s measurements in A2.1.2. Should these measures fail, the user may
are obtained, the requirements of Section 7 are to be be able to achieve better performance with the high-
used. output, low-impedance devices described in A2.3.2
and A2.3.3.
A2.1.4.2 Averaging. Averaging the output of the Difficulties in inferring displacements at low
true rms circuitry is required to achieve a stable frequencies from accelerometer signals often arise
meter indication. The low-pass cutoff frequency because the sensor responds inherently to accelera-
required is related to the minimum measurement tion, not velocity or displacement. "he latter required
frequency selected by the user's choice of high-pass outputs must therefore be derived by single and
filter in A2.1.3.4. If two-pole low-pass filtering of the double integrations with respect to time, and these
true rms output is used to achieve this averaging, a operations produce a magnification of any low-
cutoff frequency of no more than one-half the frequency extraneous noise that may be present. This
minimum frequency of measurement is recommended. difficulty can be overcome by employing alternative
20
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

9009275 002b078 0 3 4
sensing devices that respond inherently to velocity Doppler shift accompanying motion of the target) is
and displacement as listed below. commercially available for special situations requiring
unusually high measurement accuracy or where
A2.2.2 Velocity Sensors. Velocimeters (or “velo- physical access to the vibrating structure prohibits use
city pickups”) are sensors designed to respond to this of the sensors already described. Such devices are too
variable directly. They usually consist of a moving specialized to warrant further description in this
coil or moving magnet arranged so that the electrical document.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
output generated is proportional to the rate at which
the magnetic field lines are cut by the moving element,
and hence its velocity. The main advantage of these A3 RIGOROUS METHOD FOR QUALIFYING
electrodynamic transducers over piezoelectric ac- PIPING SYSTEMS (VMG 1)
celerometers is their high-level, low-impedanceoutput,
thereby making their signals relatively immune to In addition to the instrumentation discussed for
electromagnetic noise pickup. Their chief disadvan- VMG 2, the following instrumentation is applicable
tages are their larger size and their somewhat restricted to VMG 1.
useful linear bandwidth. Like accelerometers, they
suffer from resonant responses at high frequencies A3.1 Strain Gages Method
and contamination from background at low frequen- “he method of strain gages is a method of measure-
cies. ‘she latter shortcoming limits their usefulness in ment of strain @in/in) at selected points in the piping
providing displacement indications at low frequencies, system which can, in turn, be related t o stress. Test
since the necessary integration tends to amplify low- instrumentation system typically consists of three
frequency noise selectively. major items - electrical strain gages, signal condition-
ing, and data recording systems. The type of gages
A2.2.3 Displacement Sensors. Types of direct sen- normally used on the piping systems are either the
sing displacement transducers applicable to piping weldable or the bondable type. Evaluation of the
vibration measurements are the eddy current sensor temperature and radiation level will limit the use of
(or “proximity probe”), the linearly-variable differ- bondable gages. Weldable gages are available which
ential transformer (LVDT), and the lanyard gage will operate for all temperature and radiation levels
potentiometer. All sense absolute displacement is typical of nuclear power plant piping systems. The
measured relative to a fured reference, and, therefore, usual requirement is that the state of stress of points
should have frequency response and S/Ncurves that are on the piping system can be determined from strain-
uniform all the way to zero frequency (DC). This is gage readings. This implies the use of an appropriate
their chief advantage, along with high electrical out- theory relating strains to stresses. The validity of the
put and hence, immunity to extraneous noise. An final results depends upon the validity of any rela-
attendant disadvantage, however, is that they must tionships used in reducing the data.
be mounted firmly to some structure that is sta-
tionary relative to the vibrating system whose dis- A3.1.1 Problems Encountered in the Use of
placement is to be measured, and this is often diffi- Resistance Strain Gages. The user of strain gages must
cult to accomplish in an operating plant environ- be aware of some problems encountered by the use of
ment. Other disadvantages of these sensors are these devices. Some of these problems are:
generally poor high-frequencyresponse; limited range (a) Temperature Gimpensation. If strain gages
of displacement over which the transducer responds were to be used for a long period of time, tempera-
linearly and without hysteresis; need for special ture may vary over a long period of time; it is ex-
accompanying electronics (oscdlator/demodulator) tremely important that temperature compensation
and cabling; and in some cases, high noise, offset be as perfect as possible. If temperature compensa-
errors, and limited (quantized) displacement resolu- tion is imperfect, then readings interpreted as varying
tion. strain may only represent a variation in temperature.
Due to this variation in temperature, the strain gages
A2.2.4 Special Situations. More exotic instru- are not recommended for static piping stress measure-
mentation (e.g., laser vibrometers that detect the ments.
21
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I .
= 9009275 0026079 T70
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVASME OM3-1982
( b ) Bond Stabiliw. Any shrinkage, swelling, or semiconductor gages will tolerate radiation flux of at
creep of the bond or any change in the conductivity least 1 0 ’ ~ particíes/cm2 with energies greater than i
of the bond may produce a signal which is unrecog- Mev before changes in resistance of gage factor occur.
nized from the strain-gage signai. Adequate curing of Special attention should be paid to soldered strain
strain-gage bond for long-term tests is important. gages joints and lead wires, since they are also affected
(c) Instrument Stability. Many factors acting on by radiation. Welded connections are recommended.
the strain-gage circuit and signal device may produce
signals that are unrelated to strain. Check for re- A3.1.3 Strain Measurements at High Temperatures.
sistance, supply voltage variation, and correct for Many techniques are available to use strain gages at
any drift in the indicators prior to start of the test. low or high temperature [350°F (177°C) to 1200°F
(650”C)l . Metallurgical changes that produce sudden
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
(d) Moistureproofing Strain Gages. Moisture acts
to reduce the gage-to-surface resistance or partially and/or irreversible resistance changes are not en-
t o short circuit the leads or sections of the gage it- countered at temperatures below 350°F (1 77OC).
self. This may produce a change in resistance which is Strain-gage manufacturer recommendations are to be
equivalent to strain. Moistureproofmgis necessary for followedwhen using strain gages above 350°F (1 77°C).
indoor and outdoor testing. Some moistureproofmg
techniques are curing the bond, insulating, use of A3.1.4 Data Processing. Steady-state and transient
moistureproofmg agents, or covering the entire as- vibration data of piping systems should be reduced to
sembly with Epoxylite or comparable material. obtain maximum strain [micro-in./in. (mcm/cm)] at
points where maximum stresses are predicted by
A3.1.2 Strain Gages Subjected to Nuclear Radiation. analysis due to vibration. Evaluation of data shall be
The use of bonded resistance strain gages in radia- made where the material on which the gages are
tion environments is suspect. Any organic material mounted behaves in accordance with the linear
(most strain-gage bonds) is affected by modest theory of elasticity throughout the range of strain
amounts of radiation; the radiation produces dimen- being investigated. Evaluation of stresses from
sional changes as well as change in the mechanical measured strains beyond the elastic limit is uncertain
and electrical properties. Short-time tests can be due to the lack of a practical method for relating
made during irradiation until gage-to-specimen re- stresses to strains in this region. During data process-
sistance breakdowns. Some semiconductor devices ing, attention must be paid to “gage factor” value for
are affected by radiation damage; however, silicon uniaxial stress field.
22
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

APPENDIX B
ANALYSIS METHODS
This Appendix describes two methods of obtaining to peak-to-peak response through consideration of
modal displacements of the piping system from the the statistical properties of the response.
measured total displacement time history. It is re- In addition to the modal responses, the spectral
commended to be used in conjunction with 6.1. density function will indicate system response at
deterministic frequencies associated with shaft and
blade passing frequencies of rotating equipment
BI FOURIER TRANSFORM METHOD' which feed the piping system.
The piping displacements at these frequencies
The recorded acceleration, velocity, or displace- should be determined. The piping displacements at
ment time histories can be converted to a spectral these frequencies should be absolutely summed with
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
density function using Fast Fourier Transform the modal displacement of the piping system mode
techniques. The spectral density should be computed which is nearest to the deterministic frequency or
in the frequency range which contains the expected which closely resembles the displaced configuration
predominant system response. A sufficient number of at the deterministic frequency.
spectral averages should be made to ensure that the
density function has converged. Integration of the
density function over discrete frequency bands
around the predominant modal responses yields the 82 OTHER METHODS
RMS modal response. These can readily be converted
Alternative methods may be employed, such as
'The user of this method is referred to the latest revision of
modal superposition, provided that the method used
ANSI S210 entitled Methods for Analysis and Presentation is demonstratively conservative and the test analysis
of *hock and Vibration Data. correlation requirements of 6.1.4 are met.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
23

W 9009275 002bOBL 629 W
APPENDIX C
TEST/ANALY SIS CORRE LAT ION METHODS
This Appendix presents a method' for converting stresses in the system piping can be determined using
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
measured modal displacements of the piping system the actual modal responses obtained from the test
to bending stress (or bending moments) through data. This can be done in the following way.
utilization of analytically obtained modal charac- The measured modal displacement at point j in
teristics. It is recommended to be used in conjunction mode i (denoted by DTii) is divided by the corres-
with 6.1. ponding analytical displacement (@ i j ) , yielding the
modal response factor Ki¡, as shown below.
C1 TEST/ANALYSIS CORRELATION
The modal displacements, at each measurement
point, obtained in 6.1.3 should be tabulated and
normalized to an appropriate value (such as the maxi-
mum displacement) in that mode. The relative sign
of each displacement can be obtained by computing Theoretically, all within a moGy shou 1 be i ie
the phase between measurement points using Fourier same if perfect correlation of test and analytical
Transform techniques. This yields a normalized mode- mode shapes has been achieved. Realistically, how-
shape and modal frequency obtained by test that can ever, the Kii wili vary. Therefore, for each mode the
be compared to analytically obtained normalized maximum Kii is chosen as the modal response factor
modeshapes and frequencies. The test and analytical for mode i (denote as Ki). The maximum Kii should
results should be correlated according to the manda- be chosen from among those Kii in the direction of
tory requirements of 6.1.4. predominant modal motion, to reduce unnecessary
conservatisms. Having obtained the modal response
factors (Ki) for each mode, the test stress vector
C2 EVALUATION OF THE MEASURED (ST) for each mode should be calculated by pre-
RESPONSES multiplying the analytical stress vector' (SAj)i by the
modal response factor:
Having achieved a correlation of test/analysis re-
sults, the analytically obtained modal moments or
(STj), = Ki
'It is assumed in this method that the stress vector includes
the stress indices as defined m 3.2.1.2. Alternatively, the The modal stress vectors thus obtained should be
modai bending moments in the piping (obtained from the
modai anaiysis of the piping) can be converted to stress using combined by an appropriate conservative method to
the equation for Saitdefmed in 3.2.1.2. obtain the total stress in the piping.
//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\
24

~~~ _ _ ~ ~~
~~
~ ~~ ~~
9007275 0026082 5 b 5
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSUASME OM3-1982
APPENDIX D
VELOCITY CR ITER ION
This Appendix describes a method for establishing D2 SCREENING VELOCITY CRITERION

a velocity criterion for screening piping systems.
If conservative values of the correction factors are
Using these procedures, piping systems requiring
further analysis can be determined. This Appendix combined, a criterion can be derived which should
is to be used in conjunction with 5.1.2.4. indicate safe levels of vibration for any type of piping
configuration. Using this criterion, piping systems,
can be checked and those with vibration velocity
levels lower than the screening value would require
no further analysis. Piping systems that have vibration
--``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
velocity levels higher than the screening value do not
DI Velocity Criterion necessarily have excessive stresses, but further analy-
The expression for allowable peak velocity from sis is necessary to establish its acceptability.
5.1.2.4 is The foilowing correction factors are considered to
be conservative values and should be applicable to
most piping configurations; however, the conserva-
tism for extremely complex piping configurations
cannot be attested.
Cl = 0.12
where C2K2 = 4
C, = correction factor that compensates for the C3 = 1.5
effect of concentrated weights. If concen- C, = 0.7
trated weight is less than 20 times the O.8Se1 = 10,OOOpsi
weight of the span for straight beams, - (0.12) (0.7) (0.00364) (10,000)
-
Gbends, U-bends, and Z-bends, a conserva- Vallow.
tive value of 0.12 can be used for screening (1 -5) (4)
purposes. ValIoW. = 0.5 in./sec - screening vibration velocity
C2Ks = stress indices as defined in B3 1.7, Appendix value
D, Table D-201 0-3 = use of screening vibration velocity value
C2K2< 4 for most piping systems
C, = correction factor accounting for pipe con- A screening vibration velocity value of 0.5 ips has
tents and insulation. For contents and in- been established which can be used in conjunction
sulation equal to the weight of the pipe, with 5.1.2.4. Piping systems with peak velocities less
the value would be 1.414; in most cases it than 0.5 ips are considered to be safe from a dynamic
is less than 1.5. stress standpoint and require no further analysis. If
C4 = correction factor for end conditions differ- vibrational velocities greater than 0.5 ips are mea-
ent from fEed ends and for configurations sured, then further analyses are required to determine
different from straight spans acceptability.
= 1.33 for cantilever and simply supported The first step to take if vibration velocities are
beam greater than 0.5 ips is to determine more accurate
= 0.74 for equal leg Z-bend values of the correction factors Cl, C,, and C, and
= 0.83 for equal leg U-bend the stress indices C2K2 so that the applicable velocity
= 0.7 as conservative value for screening criteria for the piping system in question can be
purposes established.
25

//^:^^#^~^^""~:@":^*^~$~"#:*~^~:^:""@:~~*^~:^"$:#:^:"\\

Asme Om3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Asme Om3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

9009275 0026052 828

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSIIASME OM3 - 1982

United Engineering Center 3 4 5 E a s t 4 7 t h Street N e w York, N. Y. 1 O 0 1 7

Copyright ASME International

9009275 O026053 764

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

9009275 0026055 537

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Copyright ASME International

SUBCOMMITTEE ON VIBRATION MONITORING

G. T. Kitz, Chairman, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Illinois

SUBGROUP ON PIPING SYSTEM VIBRATION TESTING

J. S G. Williams, Chairman, Tennessee Valley Authority,

Copyright ASME International

W 9009275 O026057 30T

Copyright ASME International

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

REQUIREMENTS FOR PREOPERATIONAL AND INITIAL START-UP VIBRATION

1 INTRODUCTION 2.4 System

2 TERMINOLOGY 2.7 Transient Vibrations

2.2 Design Specification

2.9 Test Conditions

Copyright ASME International

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIASME OM3-1982

2.10 Test Specification 2.18 Test Hold Points

2.1 1 Design Verification 2.19 Quality Assurance

2.12 Prototype The Owner shall determine the portions of piping

Copyright ASME International

m 9009275 0026060 9T4

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982

(I) system restoration vibration monitoring groups according to the criteria

7009275 002bObL 830

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982

Ail portions of piping systems which meet one of

Copyright ASME International

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982

TABLE 1 EXAMPLES OF TRANSIENT CONDITIONS

Main steam line Turbine bypass system operation

Pressurizer Safety valve, relief valve, or safety relief valve operation

(e) Strain controlled fatigue curves of Section III

Copyright ASME International

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSVASME OM^-1982

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982

4.2.1 Steady-State Vibration. During the preopera-

4.2.2 Transient Vibration. During the preopera-

The foliowing provide a few precautions and 5.1.1 Displacement Method

Copyright ASME International

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANS I/ASM E OM3-1982

5.1.1.3 Deflection Measurement of Process

Copyright ASME International

m 9009275 002bObb 312

A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSIIASME OM3-1982

0.5 and 1.0 (Fig. 8 with configuration coefficient K

Copyright ASME International

9009275 0026067 259

AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASME OM3-1982

For inaccessible piping systems requiring monitor-

Copyright ASME International

6.1.2 Test Requirements. The piping system shall

Copyright ASME International