Teacher: Nguyen Thi Minh Ha

Date of preparation: January 5th, 2020

UNIT 7. POLLUTION (Ô nhiễm)

- affect (v) /əˈfekt/: làm ảnh hưởng
- algea (n) /ˈældʒiː/: tảo
- aquatic (adj) /əˈkwætɪk/: dưới nước
- billboard (n) /ˈbɪlbɔːd/: biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
- blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/: huyết áp
- cause (n,v) /kɔːz/: nguyên nhân, gây ra
- cholera (n) /ˈkɒlərə/: bệnh tả
- come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/: nghĩ ra
- contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/: chất gây bẩn
- contaminate (v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: làm bẩn
- dump (v) /dʌmp/: vứt, bỏ
- earplug (n) /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: cái nút tai
- effect (n) /ɪˈfekt/: kết quả
- fine (v) /faɪn/: phạt tiền
- float (v) /f əʊt/: nổi
- groundwater (n) /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/: nước ngầm
- hearing loss (n) /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: mất thính lực
- illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/: minh họa
- litter (n, v) /ˈlɪtə/: rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon…), vứt rác
- measure (v) /ˈmeʒə/: đo
- non-point source pollution (n) /nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân
tán)
- permanent (adj) /ˈpɜːmənənt/: vĩnh viễn
- point source pollution (n) /pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm có nguồn
- poison (n, v) /ˈpɔɪzn/: chất độc, làm nhiễm độc
- pollutant (n) /pəˈluːtənt/: chất gây ô nhiễm
- radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: phóng xạ
- radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/: thuộc về phóng xạ
- thermal (adj) /ˈθɜːml/: thuộc về nhiệt
- untreated (adj) /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: không được xử lý
- visual (adj) /ˈvɪʒuəl/: thuộc về thị giác
- acid rain (n) mưa axit
- air pollution (n) ô nhiễm không khí
- aquatic (adj) sống ở dưới nước
- atmosphere (n) bầu không khí
- behaviour (n) hành vi
- birth defect (n) khuyết tật bẩm sinh
- blood pressure (n) huyết áp
- breathing problem (n) vấn đề hô hấp
- change (v) thay đổi, sự thay đổi
chemical (adj) thuộc hóa học
- come up with (v) nghĩ ra
- complain (v) phàn nàn
- contain (v) chứa đựng
- contaminant (n) chất gây ô nhiễm
- contamination (n) sự ô nhiễm
- continue (v) tiếp tục
- damage (v, n) phá hủy, sự phá hủy, tổn thất
- dead (adj) chết
- decrease (v) làm giảm
- dirty (adj) bẩn thỉu
- discharge (v, n) sự dỡ hàng, sự tháo ra
- disease (n) bệnh tật
- dramatic (adj) nghiêm trọng
- dump (v) đổ, vứt bỏ
- dust (n) bụi
- earth’s surface (n) bề mặt trái đất
- environmental (adj) thuộc môi trường
- expose (v) tiếp xúc
- factory (n) nhà máy
- float (v) nổi
- fume (n) khói thải
- gas (n) khí gas
- give presentation (v) thuyết trình
- global warming (n) sự nóng lên toàn cầu
- ground water (n) nước ngầm
- harmful (adj) có hại
- home village (n) quê nhà
- household (n, adj) hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình
- illustrate (v) minh họa
- industrial (adj) thuộc về công nghiệp
II/ Family words:
Verb Noun Adjective
to poison poison poisonous
contaminate contamination/ contaminant contaminated
to pollute pollution / pollutant polluted
to die death dead
to damage damange damaged
III/ Grammar:
A. Conditional sentences type 1. (Câu điều kiện loại 1)
1. Form
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)
Simple Future (Thì tương lai đơn)
Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
S + will/ won’t + V (bare infinitive)
If + S + V (s/es)
S+ can/must/ may/ might+ V (bare
infinitive)
Eg 1. If I have enough money, I will buy a big house.
(Nếu tôi có đủ tiền , tôi sẽ mua một ngôi nhà lớn).

Eg 2. If you want to pass the exam, you must study harder.

(Nếu bạn muốn thi đỗ , bạn phải học hành chăm chỉ hơn).

Eg 3. If she doesn’t want to be late, She must get up early.

(Nếu cô ấy không muốn bị muộn thì cô ấy phải dậy sớm).

2. Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện diễn tả tình trạng có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương
lai.
Eg: If you learn hard, you will pass the exam. Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ đỗ kỳ thi.
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 1, thì hiện tại đơn dùng trong mệnh đề If, còn thì tương lai đơn
được dùng trong mệnh đề chính.
Eg: If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic
animals will die
Nếu nhà máy tiếp tục thải chất độc xuống hồ, thì tất cả loài cá và các sinh vật dưới nước sẽ
chết.
* Chú ý Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một điều
kiện luôn đúng

B. Conditional sentences type 2. (Câu điều kiện loại 2)

1. Form.
IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính)

If +S + V-ed/2 S + would/ could/might + V(infinitive)

If + S + were S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t +V (infinitive)
Eg 1. If I became rich, I would spend all my time travelling.
Nếu tôi giàu, tôi sẽ dành tất cả thời gian để đi du lịch.

2. Usage
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện không có thật thường dùng để nói lên sự tưởng
tượng của người nói. (Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai).
If I were you, I would buy that bike. (Nếu tôi là bạn tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đạp đó.)
* Chú ý Trong mệnh đề không có thật ở hiện tại, chúng ta có thể dùng were thay cho
was trong tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề If.
Eg. If I were you, I would study English hard.
Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ học Tiếng Anh chăm chỉ hơn.

IV/ Exercises:
A. Phonetics:
I. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. watched B. washed C. danced D. played
2. A. goes B. watches C. misses D. brushes
3. A. come B. mother C. open D. some
4. A. mention B. question C. action D. education
5. A. who B. when C. where D. what

II. Find the word which has different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. sun B. fun C. put D. unhappy
2. A. mind B. bike C. tradition D. tidy
3. A. my B. happy C. hobby D. factory
4. A. health B. team C. tea D. beach
5. A. listened B. opened C. wanted D. lived

III. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. person B. father C. teacher D. enjoy
2. A. prefer B. enjoy C. mother D. agree
3. A. doctor B. father C. picture D. depend
4. A. pollution B. visit C. listen D. open
5. A. depend B. advise C. affect D. listen
IV. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. affect B. father C. teacher D. picture
2. A. prefer B. enjoy C. mother D. affect
3. A. affect B. happen C. pollution D. fancy
4. A. pollution B. picture C. village D. factory
5. A. illustrate B. believe C. affect D. pollution
B. VOCABURLARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1.I like ______________back my home village on holiday.
A. comes B. come C. came D. coming
2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic
animals will die.
A. continues B. to continue C. continued D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. pollution B. pollute C. polluted D. polluting
4. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes B. come C. came D. coming
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals
________________.
A. die B. to die C. dead D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating B. contaminate C. contaminated D. contamination
7. If we ______________water carefully, more people will have fresh water.
A. will use B. would use C. using D. use
8. If the factory continues dumping poison ________________ the lake, all the fish and other
aquatic animals will die.\
A. into B. to C. about D. in
II. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes B. come C. came D. coming
2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic
animals will die.
A. continues B. to continue C. continued D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. pollution B. pollute C. polluted D. polluting
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, I ________________ so much.
A. wouldn’t sneeze B. sneeze C. would sneeze D. to sneeze
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals
________________.
A. die B. to died C. dead D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating B. contaminate C. contaminated D. contamination
7. If I were you, I ______________ that car.
A. would buy B. buy C. bought D. buying
8. If we recycle more, we ________________the Earth.
A. help B. would help C. helping D. will help
III. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Câu điều kiện loại 1
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1.If we (recycle) ________ more, we will help the Earth.
2. Factories (not dump) ______________waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily.
3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be) ______________fewer car fumes.
4. We (save) ________________thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.
5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ______________fresh water.
6. If the factory (continue) ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other
aquatic animals will die.
7.If we recycle more, we (help) ________________ the Earth.
8. If people (travel)________________to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.
9. We save thousands of trees if we (not waste)_______________don’t waste paper.
10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government (fine) ______________them heavily.
11. If he (study) ________________ harder, he can pass an exam.
12. She may be late if she (not hurry) ________________.
13.If you study harder, you (pass) ________________ the exam.
14. If you are kind to me, I (be) _______________ good to you.
15.If he (give) _______________ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.
16. You (not pass) _______________ your driving test unless you drive more carefully.
17. He’ll be ill if he (not stop) ________________ worrying so much.
18. We’ll go to the beach tomorrow if it (be) ________________ nice.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (Câu điều kiện loại 2)
(Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đơn vào đúng hình thức).
1. If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.
2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she (join) ________________ out tree planting activity.
3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less pollution.
4.If people really cared about the environment, they (not dump) ________________ waste into
the lake.
5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.
6.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the environment ?
7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________ heathier.
8.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.
9.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) __________
so upset.
10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________ vegetables.

V. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. artistic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific
2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. historical
3. A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic
4. A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric
5. A. chemical B. physical C. environmental D. medical

VI. Find the word which has different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. athletic B. historic C. dramatic D. scientific
2. A. medical B. national C. chemical D. informal
3. A. athletic B. dramatic C. scientific D. heroic
4. A. medical B. hospital C. politic D. electric
5. A. dramatic B. physical C. environmental D. medical

VII. Write complete sentences with given clues.

1. If/ people/ breath/ contaminate/ air, they/ have/ breathing problems
………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Many/ people/ this area/ have/ cholera/ because/ they/ drink/ untreat/ water.
………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The street/ not/ look/ attractive/ because/ there/ be/ a lot of/ rubbish.
………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The music club/ be/ make/ so/ much noise/ that/ the residents/ require/ them/ turn/ the music/
down
………………………………………………………………………………………

5.Visual/ pollution/ prevent/ us/ see/ far/ away.

………………………………………………………………………………………

6. What/ pollution/ to/ is/ types/ the/ of/ most/ human/ harmful?
………………………………………………………………………………………

7. poison/ Sewages/ lakes/ from/ such/ and/ water/ factories/ bodies/ as/ rivers
………………………………………………………………………………………
.
8. of/ are/ Plastic/ of/ source/ the/ main/ bags/ one/ pollution.
………………………………………………………………………………………

9.in/ food/ Soil/ results/ contamination/ unsafe

………………………………………………………………………………………

10.If there were more trees in the area, the air would be fresher.
………………………………………………………………………………………

VIII. Rewrite sentences without changing the meaning

1. It’s very wasteful to apply lights in almost everything at night.
Apply lights………………………………………………………………………………………

2.The soil is poisoned because farmers use too many pesticides and herbicides.
. Famers ………………………………………………………………………………………

3.If you don’t stop swimming in that lake, you will have a rash.
Unless………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The polluted water results in the death of many aquatic animals and plants
The polluted water ………………………………………………………………………………………

5.People use a lot of vehicles. The air is polluted.

If ………………………………………………………………………………………
IX/ Types of pollution:
1/ Water pollution
Definition: Water pollution is the phenomenon of water areas such as rivers, lakes, sea,
underground water... being contaminated by human activities that an harm humans and the life of
organisms in nature.
Cause: substances contained in pesticides and herbicides, industrial wastes, domestic waste
Effect:
- Causing of cholera, skin cancer, typhoid and polio
- Causing great losses to production and business sectors and aquaculture households.
- Killing fish and the aquatic animals
- Causing shortage of fresh water

2/ Air pollution
Definition: Air pollution occurs when the air contains gases, dust, fumes or odour in harmful
amounts.
Cause: industrial watse, exhaust from car and plane...
Effect: causing diseases, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as animals
and food crops, or the natural or built environment.

3/ Soil pollution happens when human activities destroy the earth’s surface.
- Causes: pesticides, herbicides, chemical industrial watse, deforestation...
- Effects: soil pollution, soil erosions, the upper layer of soil is damaged, effects on wild-life... (Tác
động: ô nhiễm đất, sói mòn đất, lớp đất mặt bị hư, tác động lên động vật hoang dã...)
- Solutions: Fine heavily people who cut the forest and those who realease chemicals waste into
the ground. (Giải pháp: Phạt nặng người chặt phá rừng và người thải rác hóa học vào đất)

X/ Imagine that you two are writing an article for the local newspaper about a type of pollution in
your area. you choose and write about the causes and the other writes about the effects of that
pollution type . (Tưởng tượng rằng em đang viết một bài báo cho một tờ báo địa phương về một loại ô
nhiễm trong khu vực em. Bạn hãy chọn và viết về nguyên nhân về hậu quả ccủa loại ô nhiễm đó).)

V/ Key:
A. I. 1 - D; 2 - A; 3 - C; 4 - B; 5 - A
II. 1 - C; 2 - C; 3 - A; 4 - A; 5 - C
III. 1 - D; 2 - C; 3 - D; 4 - D; 5 - D
IV. 1 - A; 2 - C; 3 - A; 4 - A; 5 – A
B
I.1 - D; 2 - A; 3 - A; 4 - D; 5 - D; 6 - D; 7 - D; 8 - A
II. 1 - D; 2 - A; 3 - A; 4 - A; 5 - D; 6 - D; 7 - A; 8 - D
III.
2 - will not
1 - recycle 3 - will be 4 - will save 5 - will have
dump
6 - continues 7 - will help 8 - travel 9 - don't waste 10 - fine

11 - studies 12 - doesn't hurry 13 - will pass 14 - will be

15 - gives 16 - will not pass 17 - doesn't stop 18 - is
IV.
4 - wouldn't 5 - would
1 - would look 2 - would join 3 - would be
dump happen
6 - were 7 - would be 8 - had 9 - wouldn't be 10 - would grow

V/ 1 - D; 2 - D; 3 - C; 4 - D; 5 - C
VI. Đáp án: 1 - D; 2 - D; 3 - C; 4 - D; 5 - C
VII.
1. If people breath contaminated air, they will have breathing problems.
2. Many people in this area have cholera because they drink untreated water.
3. The street doesn’t look attractive because there’s a lot of rubbish.
4.The music club is making so much noise that the residents require them to turn the music
down.
5. Visual pollution prevents us from seeing far away.
6. What types of pollution is the most harmful to human?
7. Sewages from factories poison water bodies such as rivers and lakes.
8. Plastic bags are one of the main source of pollution.
9. Soil contamination results in unsafe food.
10. If there were more trees in the area, the air would be fresher.
VIII.
1. Apply lights in almost everything at night is very wasteful.
2. Famers use too many pesticides and herbicides, so the soil is poisoned.
3. Unless you stop swimming in that lake, you will have a rash.
4. The polluted water leads to the death of many aquatic animals and plants.
5. If people didn’t use too many vehicles, the air wouldn’t be polluted.
X/ The sample article:
WATER POLLUTION
There are several types of pollution. However, water pollution is the most serious in our area.
It is caused by several factors. Firstly, families dump sewage into the river. In the past it was a very
beautiful river, but now the water is almost black. Secondly, there are two new factories in our area,
and they are dumping chemical waste into the lake and river. Thirdly, pesticides are another source of
pollution. Farmers in our area usually use these to kill insects.
Water pollution badly affects our area. We do not have enough fresh water to water the plants and
crops. People cannot raise fish in the river and the lake because the water there is so polluted. In
addition, there are no more wild ducks near the river today since they cannot find fish for food.
Another negative effect is that sometimes in the afternoon there is a bad smell from the polluted river,
so people do not like walking along it anymore.
People in our area are all aware of this problem, and we are thinking of some ways to solve it.