PRISM READINGDO NOT BUY THIS BOOK IF THE CODE HAS BEEN USED WARNING: Taco meone else has used it, and it will not work for you. Online Workbook Activation Code ‘ATTF-U2KH-9XP2-VU9L * Look for ] in every unit for additional online practice. Improve your reading, vocabulary, grammar, and more, + Watch the videos any time you want. * Download audio files of the unit readings and listen on the go. How to activate the Online Workbook Scratch off to see your activation code, G Log in or Register if you are a new user). to www.cambridgelms.ore/main. Go to My Learning and click Activate a New Product. Enter your code. Join a Class by entering the ss Code that your teacher or school gave you, lp system eecgirements, ofthe tems nd vocambidgelnsarg Your station code an onlyPRISM READING Student's Book Jessica Williams with Christina Cavage CAMBRIDGECAMBRIDGE ‘UNIVERSITY PRESS nivesyFeitng Howse, Cambie cm as; Uae Kingdom, ‘Ope Liberty Pla, 2th Foo, New Yok 10006, USA. 477 Wilisstowa Roa, Pot Meloar, vie 367, Ansan 414-321, 30 lor, Pt Splendor Fru, sols Distr Cente, New Delhi - 10035 ade 79 Anson Rood 05-0406 Sirgapore 09908 ambeidge Univers Pes ispar of he Univers of Cambridge. "artes he Unies mision by dieing knowl inthe pret of edation, learning and esearch a the highest interational levels fxn. one cnbrdg ong Information on hil wonccambridgron81 108638487 ‘© Cambridge Unvenity Pre 2018 ‘This pubcaton isin copyright Sbjct stay exception andi the ponsons of eleven ele iensingoeenents no reprodaction of any prt my ke pas withot he ween Peso af Came Unie Fes, Fist publahed 0 Primed inthe United Kingdom by Latimer Tend ‘catalogue econ fr is publ mle fo he ei irary ISBN 978-108-687 Prsm Reading 4 Students Book wth Online Workbook ISIN 978--104339-0 Pam Reading 4 Teche Mana Cambridge Univesity Pee ar no responsibilty forthe perstenceoacurcy ‘FURL foretell tert wee fre athe ableton, does ot guaran tht cote! o auch webster wile, ‘ecto oppeprte Information ring ce arel tint and other fra formation given in th work coe atthe tine ls printing but Cambridge Univer Pres does nat anane he accurcy och afrmaton Pherefer,CONTENTS Scope and Sequence How Prism Reaciing Works What Makes Prism Reacting Special UNIT Preservation uNIT2 Design UNITS Privacy UNIT 4 Business UNITS Psychology UNIT6 Careers UNIT 7 Health Sciences UNIT 8 Collaboration Glossary of Key Vocabulary Video Seripts Credits Advisory Panel 174 178 183 184SCOPE AND SEQUENCE T PRESERVATION | PAclielinginine | Kenibingan | Using yourknovedae Seba soe? | “ams Fiend ca santos supporing | Urrtonng ky 2:8uhatup oteorh ont sehiochre ‘om? soon rn eos ‘Momoton ecology (rd feodng eronais Scorronng fenctieg Ncing mvenoes Sho Ider pupae S Simona [hace cons | Gaeiasee | ees eo eee | ing epee eats sey Cwcboocencrp) | anos roca cade Dinas 2 tebronng one nore Seentbeaee Tikes eae [ean (bok ror ‘rng noee Iden pose fending als Sanoure 3 PRIVACY LO perHoesirent | Povwng Ueno ey ripe) | Cong pose 2cameanng crear | “oratore unger thoweage cadences vironment feoatgior mam er Seinen Cnt sie (oie) eoare tr dts fod tangooee faring Sire 4 BUSINESS Trig oats Somme) | Wapiew mao ‘one oe) Urceaionongtey 2Neeprg\our cere scasemi Dicialnes ee! feng cn ies operon (oon wourngou mong Soaaliece ee ee Merranmces SemenTime expressons FPrasening CDs athe (ico Thinking Compound adjectise Urey of Conese Calaborsion Describing emolanaliespanses | The Role of Helshoo Fant ‘ettearminting Paraphrasing In Gropnie Design CGaletoraton CCotocatins for behavier | Computed: Coat Tanking Problemsoluen calecations Caleeny Hacking Cotaboraton roresting contot Fido Toon Buy Houses rica Tinka Business and mareting vocabulary Cataberaton5 PSYCHOLOGY 1: Mental ness Using graphic Uncertoncing key ‘ond Create ‘rgoniersiotoke | vocobutony Gani therse | fetes Prevewing b Connacton? Intorpreting quotes | Taking nates Expormentolsienoe /Hstoryy | etek) Moking norences Neweosctence 2:Ine Crete Mind Predicting content using ‘nin arte) “sual Roarlng for main ideas Reon fr dots Syrhasaing 6 CAREERS {the sks Gap Interpreting gephiea! | Understanding kay (reper) Intonation ‘ocala 2-What ete Value Predicing contort using ‘Academie Discilnes ‘ot Education? visuals Suse / fducaren / (orci Reacing fx main das Information lachoalaay Reaaing fr dots Annetoing Ieentving pupose ond tone Mating Fisences Symibeszing 7 HEALTH SCIENCES |" Supebuat scogniaing Using your knowledge ‘aricl) decors Undestonding ly 2.The Giobaizaion | oMonization Vocabulary Academie Disciones ‘ot inection Rearing fo main ideas ‘Ghoba Suces / Meescine (enti) Taking notes Mating ferences Scanning fo prio content | Reaxtng fr ces Synihasuing BCOLLABORATION | hThevalueoffalent | Using conte use | Understanding key (erici) fo undorstond Vocabulary 2mererect wow | letminologyand | Pevewng soe Mere een | teedexpesions | Reading ermainideos Businoss / Huron Resources / Bos roma Group Summareng | Sports Management (erici Fading fo: deals Working out meaning Using yourknowienge Taking notes| Experimenta science vocabuory ‘Complex noun phvosos win wht Intrvow with the Founders of1DEO SCOPE ‘CitealTinting aloraon ‘AND SEQUENCE ‘Vocational ining ‘Complex noun phases Citca Tinting alaberaion Verbs and verb phrases for superbugs ‘GitealTminking ‘causation aleborton ost and medicine word fomios Longuage ior hedana ‘tice Space CGitcarTanting CotaboratonHOW PRISM READING WORKS © READING DUNN SUCCESSFUL LOGO?Qn Critica thinking and collaboration READIN Skills. Collaboration activities help develop higl level thinking skis, oral communication, ond understanding of cfferent opinions, By working with others students, they become better prepared for real lit social and academic situations © vic Summarizing the unit Each unit ends with « carefully selected video clip ‘hat piques student interest and pulls together what they have learned. Video lessons also develop skis such os prediction, comprehension, cand discussionPREPARE YOUR STUDENTS TO SUCCEED IN COLLEGE CLASSES AND BEYOND Capturing interest + Students experience the topics ‘and expand their vocabulary ‘rough captivating readings ‘nd videos that pull together ceveryihing they have learned in the unit while developing ‘academic reading and critical | thinking sis | ‘Teachers con delve effective ‘and engoging lessons using Presenition Pius, +m | Building confidence + Prism Reading aches | stills hot enable students tread, understand, ond ‘analyze university texts with confidence. + Readings trom a variety of ‘academic asciplines in diferent articles, websites, el) ‘expose and prepore students to comprehend reoblife text they may face =| inoroutsde the casswoom, Extended learning +The Online Workbook has one extra reading and addtional practice for each uni, Aulomated feedback gives ‘autonomy to students while allawing teachers fo spend less time groding cnd mor time teaching, Research-based *Topies, vocabulary, academic and citicl thinking ski hoped by conversations with fo build stude ‘confidence and prepare them for 500 insti leced vocabulary st Us, and the 1 in college ae based on the General Service lish CorHighly visual unit Every unit begins with ‘openers with discussion ear learning objectives. ‘Questions are engaging ‘opportunities for previewing unt themes. Critical thinking is followed by collaborative ‘asks and activities for the opportunity to apply new shils. Tasks are project-based and require ‘teamwork, research, and presentation. These projects are similar to ones in an ‘academic program. Activites and tasks support the development «ef erical thinking Sil, G After reading, targeted ‘questicns help develop critical thinking skis. The questions range in complexity to prepare students for higher-level course work, In-class projects and online ‘acthities extend learning beyond the textbook.WHAT MAKES PRISM READING SPECIAL: CRITICAL THINKING BLOOM'S TAXONOMY Prism Reading prepares students for college coursework by explicitly teaching 0 full range of citicl thinking sills. Critical thinking exercises ‘appear in every unit of every level, organized ‘according to the faxonomy developed by Benjamin Bioom, Citta! thinking exercises ore highlighted in a special bax and indicates which skis the students ‘ate learning, Create: cate, invert, plan, compose, construct, design, imagine 7 | Evatuate: decide rote, choose, J Lteeommen sty assess, prize “Analyze: explain contrast, exomine identifyinvestigae, categorize ‘Apply: show, complete, use —_______ | classi itustrle soe 7 Understand: compare, discu resfate, predic, ransiate, outline Remember: nome, descib, — relate, find ist, wrt, tllCreate, Evaluate, Analyze i de b le reps student problem, and develop arguments fora discussion ar pr il R-ORDER THINKING SKILLS Apply, Understand, Remember call information, comprehend il, and see its us ext. These skis form the foundation for all higher-order thinking, and Prism iops them through exercises that teach note-oking, compr information from charts,ial Identiying an argument ick Key Reading Skill ceca ue Using your know ‘annotating: making ine Identity Pee eae tee Dee On eet ae eat a ed Poetry: ne Peet eee eee ent eee eed feet ee eet eer ets in@ shoebox, in boxes in the attic)? raen de eteeiedae taco eta aanREADING 1 PREPARING TO READ i sntoyounxnowe0se) You are going to read an article about storing records. Look at the list of information and records—in fext, audio, and visual form—about your life. Add ‘our more examples of your own. Then check where you store each type of thing, Compare answers with @ partner. Inaboxor on my phone/ {throw them ‘Grower vabiet aa ‘away. old schoo! recorss family photos| bank statements selies rom medical recorcs receipt rom major purchases ‘REVEWNG!) Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 Think about items in the chart in Exercise 1. How long wil cords last? Will your grandchildren be able to access them? Why or why not? 2 Look atthe tite ofthe article on pages 18-19. What does the word digital mean ‘here? Give some examples of digital devices that you use. What are some: Gigital devices that are no longer widely used? 3 The Dark Agesis a period of European history from about 500 CE to 1000 CE How do you think i relates fo the article?Ey WNDeRsTANDING KEY VOCABULARY Read the sentences and write the words in bold next to the definitions. 1 The designers of the new phone have made a deliberate e'fort to make the device easy for anyone to use, 2 tis. common practice to name a baby ater a parent or grandparent 3. Lam upset because my computer crashed and I have not been able to recover the files on it. 4, We can't plan for everything, so we will have to handle protlems as they emerge, 5. Your computer fles are vulnerable if you don't protect therr with a strong password, 6 All of the devices have the capacity to update information over WiFi 7. Problems with security prompted software designers to make major changes to the new version of the program, 8 The closet was fled with boxes of memorabilia from my childhood and my parents carly years of matriage. a (ad)) not well protected! able to be harmed b (0) @ regular ot widespread ratbit or behavior ° (W) fo cause to do something 4 (W) to get something back e 7 (@) abiltly i : (ed)) intentional 9 a (A) a collection of items conrected to @ person or event h (W) to become knownARE WE LIVING IN THE DIGITAL DARK AGES? Bd imagine these scenarios: (1) 2080: A box ‘of memorabilia including floppy cscs and ‘VHS tapes found nthe atte of on old house wth labo that says, “Records and early videos of Bil Gates (1975-1985)-" @) 2050: You find an ervelope labeled "bank record” in your grandmother's desk inside the envelope, there san ald CO marked wih the date 1996, your great-grandlathe’s name, and the words “al overseas bank BF those stories wore really to happen, the people who found these items would be very ‘excited—at least at first. Their excitement woulel be quickly followed by frustration because it would be very dificult for them to.access the information on the dises and ‘apes. Even ifthe records were still in good condition, it would be very hard to find 3 device that could read them, Compare these discoveries o one that might have occurred around the turn ofthe twentieth century: 3 box of ald letters and photographs on 3 high shelf a the back ofa closet. The information these items contain would be immediately accessible because you would only need your eyes. Ei Computers and digital technology have vastly expanded our eapacity to store all kinds of information, but hove lang will our D stoppy sites and VHS taper (nearly forms of lec access to this stored information last? Infact, the peaple who found the dises and tapes in ‘ur Scenarios would be lucky because discs and tapes are physically eal. Information fon the Web is mach more vulnerable; its completely digital and can disappear in a flash, This is problem that began to worry technology expets in the early 2000s. They became concemed that, without better ways fof preserving information, future generations might look back on our times as the “digital dark ages.” If current practices continue, future generatiors may not have access to ‘the digital recore of our lives and our world Vint Cer, a vice president at Google, argues that this could happen ifwe do not take steps quicky. He uses the term "bit rat” to describe how our digital records may slowly but surly become inaccessible. In our scenarios, for example, we may no longer have the devices, such as video and CD players, to access the records. Most software and apps that were used to create documents and websites ten or twenty years ‘ago are already out of date, and in another sikty years they may not even be available. ‘The problem is particularly challenging with interactive apps and websites. We can read letters from lang ago, but will we be able 10 read a Twitter feed o access a Snapchat huncked years from now? media storageThis problem has prompted technology experts like computer scientist Mahadev Satyanarayanan fof Carnegie Mellon University to take action. He has found a way to stor ‘everything that is needed to interpret 2 record—the record itclf as well as the original operating system and the application it used—all together in the cloud. Using this approach, he has beon able to recover and preserve digital records that might otherwise have been lost forever i Both Cerf and Satyanarayanan stress the importance of deliberate preservation. In the past, you could ‘throw a bunch of photos into a box Physical Storage Media without having to decide what to (with approximate dete of frst use) save and what to throw away. Wit digital records, however, you need to make an active decision about what ‘ash drives @)—f 1999 CE to keep. Satyanarayanan says itis likely ticles last that important records—government ) documents, big news stories, ee.—wil punch ards Qf 1990 ce be transferred to new forms of storage technology as they emerge. Its the 1077. [B-© phonogrephe records of everyday life, the ones we do not yet know we will value, that may paper @— fH 100 8ce disappear into the digital dark ages. 300 8 B-© paoyus pictographs @—[ 40,000 ceWHILE READING IDENTIFYING AN ARGUMENT Most academic texts put forth an argument (or claim). is important fo be able to identify the central claim in a text and then to locate the evidence that the writer uses fo suppor that argument. FEADINGFORNAIVIDEAS, Read the article on pages 18-19, and complete the tasks. 1 Which sentence best captures the wier’s central clair? {Digital technology is not keeping up with the need fo save records. It would be easier fo keep records if we made a physical copy of averything, © We are not preserving our digital records, so our history may be lost. d_ As our capasity to store records increases, we have fo throw more things away. 2. Underline the sentence in the crticle that expresses this claim. [READING FORDETALS) Read the article again. Answer the questions with information from the article. 1. The writer begins with fwo examples fo illustrate the centra claim. What ore they? 2. Reread Paragraph 4. What two problems with our current practices does Vint Cerf point out? Physical records take up much more space than digital records. The devices necessary to read our records will not be available. a a Software used fo create applications goes out of date quickly. a We may not have access fo the cloud in the future. © tis not possible to preserve interactive applications such os Snapchat and Twitter. a 3. Where does Salyanarayanan suggest keeping digital records?] AwNoDNG! Wite T(true), F (false), oF DNS (does not say) next fo the statements. Highlight the information in the article that helps you decide the answers, and correct the false statements 1. Some early records of Bil Gates were recently found. 2. The capasity to store a lol of digital records does net guarantee future access to them, 3. Maintaining access to out-of date interactive applications is particularly difficult 4 Google is working on this problem and will eveal theirsolution soon. 5. Salyanarayanan has besn working on this problem but has not been able to solve it. 6 All government records are currently stored in the cloud, READING BETWEEN THE LINES MAKING INFERENCES, Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 In poragraph 1. the writer states, “the people who found these items. would be very ‘excited—at loast at ist.” Why would they be excited?” 2. Why does the writer make @ comparison to the Dark Ages? 3 What do you think the term bit rof means? Think about the meaning of @ bitin the digital world, 4 Why's it more difficult to preserve @ conversation thread on Twitter than in a letler? Ey Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. UNDERSTAND APPLY EVALUATE What isa time capsule? Have you ever found abox Do you think itis What is it used for? (of memorabilia? Describe important to save records the experience. of everyday life? Why or way not? A Work in a small group. Imagine that your schoo! is putting up a new building and wants to place ai time capsule inits walls. Make a Ist of fve things that represent today's student fe and schoo! spirit to contribute to the time capsule, B Present your is fo the class, and explain your reasons for choosing each item. © As.acloss, decide on five things to contribute to the time capsule,PREPARING TO READ [Id Nossa Kev wOCABULARY Read the sentences and choose the best definition for each vocabulary item in bold. 1 The store that was once here closed five years ago, and the building has been vacant ever since. a busy b forsale © empty 2. We are looking for an affordable apartment, but everywhere we look the rents care foo high. not expensive b average © small but comfortable 3. Developers are going fo build « shopping mall just outside of the city construction companies companies that make a proft from buying and selling land © companies that buy land and build on it 4. The old building is faling apart, so the renovation is going io be very complex and expensive, 2. the replacement of an old building with a new one b_ the repair of a building to bring it into good concition Investment of money in an old building 5. The athletic facility at the, university has a new ice-skating rk. 2 a.bullding for a special purpose b afield © applace where people can meet 6 The government maintains that it has no money fo pay forany new social programs. @ continues toclaim finally understands © deeply regrets 7 The patient's condition has deteriorated rapidly. Doctors are doing their best to save her. a grown worse stabilized © shrengthened 8 After a period of adjustment, most immigrants find jobs and prosper in their new country a stay bare successful © are optimistic1 USING YOUR KNOWLEDGE Read the fact box and then answer the questions, + The most expensive renovation in history ~ Experts dsagree. Perhaps St. Paul's Cathecl in Londen (about 844 milion dlls completed 2011), Pethans the Pantagon in Alington, VA, USA $700 milion completed 2011), but much of the work was not renovation but complete rebulding of sections destroyed fon September 11,2001, ‘The eldest operating public building in the ted States ~ Palace ofthe Governors, Santa Fe, *+ The oldest operating hospital in the Unit _ fistereetiglincs lariat oem New Mexico; built between 1601 and 1618 Plodelphi, Pa; bul 1751; mas recent ‘The average cost of remodeling a ktchen in the renovation new oof ail being installed) United States abot $20 000 1 Why might experts disagree about the most expensive fenovation in history? —_ 2. How was port of the Pentagon destroyed in 2001? 3. What is the diference between renovating and remodeling? SK@MWNNG_ Skim the texts on pages 24-26 and answer the questions, 1 What kind of fexts are these? 2. Whois the intended audience? 3 Who wrote them?New | sifape=~ Neighborhood | *tsi.ise" Group | SwreewndaSbaiestors Dear Members of the County Board: 1 beck County Hospital (BCH), which hasbeen standing vacant for more than ten years, has become an eyesore in our neighborhood. Inspite of the fact that the government has spent millions of dollars studying the bet use forthe ste, we are sul wating for action. Let's stop trying to fgere aut howto save this out-of-date pile of bricks. Our neighborhood is expanding and prospering, and its about ime forthe board to show some leadership by adopting a proposal that embraces the future, not one that clings to the pas. EE Ethos been argued that it would be cheaper to reuse the old building than to tear it down and build a new one. Almost ten years ago, experts estimated that saving the BCH building would cost more than 150 lien dollars. Tis figure may have been true then, but over the last decade, the building has deteriorated ‘considerably, which would no doubt add to the cast of any renovation carried out today. Our experts agree that upditing this one hundred-ear-old building to meet ‘modern safety standards would actually be more expensive than starting from scratch’ El What this neighborhood needs isan up-to-date, green structure that will provide much-needed housing and retail space. Our proposal wll replace the ‘decaying hospital building witha hotel, apartments (including 15% affordable housing), and space for stores, restaurants, and medical offices. Just as important, ‘construction of these structures, and the businesses that wil be located in them, will provide good jobs for people in the community. How much longer do we hhave to wait for our leaders to make the right decision forthe future of our neighborhood? Tear down BCH! Respectfully yours, New Neighborhood Group eyesore (something aly and unpleasant ook start rom srateh sare one from he very beginningCitizens Neighborhood Coalition Dear Beck Gaunty Board: 1 beck couny Hospital, wich weloomed paints and tie ‘emis fr slmost a cartury, 1s @ commun landmr Te bung aut but moce beaut than ta sniture sis the statement itmade to the oy andthe word, When k pened ts door in 1976, Bake County Hoppa offered an atractve, mocom fact, not ust to the iy’ et, but aso to the poor. sent the message thatthe poor are just as deserving of quay eatcare asthe wea. People in the nlghboehood cal the hospital, our Sate of Liberty Let's make Sura ths ste contnuos to serve al of our eltzens by renovating know 1 some opponents to our proposal have argued that renovation Is foo expensive, but a recent, siilar project demonstrated that this ‘may not be the case. In fact, renovating an existing structure can cost about $25 per square foct less than even the rost basic new construction, while preserving the beauty ofthe orginal bulding, And, athough it soften claimed that old buildings have @ more sigiicant evironmental footprint! compared with new construction, architect, ‘and sustainabiity expert Cari Elefante maintains thatthe creenest buleing isthe one that is already built, New construction amost always has a more serous environmental impact because it requires the use of all naw materials ur group's proposal for renovation ofthe hospital site and building wil allow it to continue to serve the community by praviding affordable housing, medical clincs, a school, and a community Cconter—resources that we badly need. I instead we allow developers: to take over the project, the guiding principe willbe prot, not neighborhood preservation. The people who will benefit most wil be the investors inthe project, not the people Cf our community, Save the Beck County Hospital building! Respectily, Citizens Neighborhood CoalitionWHILE READING READING FORMAINIOEAS) Read the texts on pages 24-26, Then complete the tasks. 11 Which group makes the argument that the hospital should be torn down? 2. Undetine or highlight a sentence in the latter that expresses this argument. 3 Which group makes the argument that the hospital should be renovated? 4. Underline or highlight a sentence in the letter that expresses this argument. IDENTIFYING SUPPORTING DETAILS \niters support their arguments with details, such as reasons, explanations, or examples, >] Bi ReA0NNG FoR DEALS) Read the texts again. Then complete the tasks. 1 What reasons does the New Neighborhood Group give fo support its argument? lis proposal Is cheaper. hos more community support can be completed more quickly vill provide jobs. will last longer. ea0c 2. Underline or highlight these reasons in the letter. 3. What reasons does the Citizens Neighborhood Coalition give to support iis argument? ts proposal Is cheaper. meets more of the community's needs. b © Is more popular with the community _ Is more practical is greener. 4 Underline or highlight these reasons in the letter.READING 2 READING BETWEEN THE LINES [Gy osmveve pureose Work with a partner, Discuss the questions. 1. Whot is the purpose of paragraph 1? 2. Who do you think are the people behind the New Neighborhood Group? What ore the ‘group's goals generally? 3 Who do you think are the people behind the Citizens Neighborhood Coalition? What are this group's goals generally? \Why do you think Beck County Hospital was once compared to the Statue of Liberty? What does the statement "the greenest building is the one that is aleady bul” mean? st # | SiNIMEsaiNG Work with a partner. Use ideas from Reading 1 and Reading 2 10 discuss the questions. ‘APPLY. APPLY EVALUATE What is Apart from the thing Do you think is better to ry to gentrifcotion? itso, what do you preserve oe buildings or tear them Think of three. think is lost when down fo moke way for new ones, benefits and three something from the even i the buildings are beautiful or ‘drawbacks, past disappears? historically important? Explain. Ee & = =—=—=———.lté«d Work in a small group. Prepare a role play. Practice with your group. Then perform it for he class. ‘Situation: Property developers want fo gentiy an old neighborhood in your town. The neighborhood 's nol fancy Some buldngs need a lot of repait out the people whe lve and wore there tke thei community, ‘Roles and positions + The manggerot« cis planning department -You have the power to approve or deny development permits necessary fo for nyone fo make big changes to @ neighborhood + A pronerty devaloner -You believe that gentiication is @ good thing, You do nat Ive in tne neighborhood, + The-ouner of a smal business inthe neighbothoad -You Ive in the neighborhood, and you do ‘not wont the crea fo be geniied. + A home camer in the neichbathood -You love your community bul are thinking about seling your home and retiring in the Flosdia Keys You have med feelings about gentifction, Role ploy. YoU re al atc meeting ot the planning departments offoes. The purpose isto determine it permis wil be given to the property developer The manager directs the meeting Al sides present ‘heir opinions, an osk ond angwer questions. At he end, he manager makes the fnal decisionANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT - TIME EXPR SIONS ‘There ore many different phrases that can fell the reader when o1 how something happens. There ore also phrases that describe things and events as they relate fo a stated or implied timeframe, when how in relation to a timeframe at the tum of the slowly but surely upto date century ina fash outof date over the past / fast + in the bink of an eye is about time for (week / month / year) atone time forthe time being "] M1 Compiete the sentences with an appropriate expression. In some items, more than one answer is possible, 1. The clothes she wears are really People have not ‘wom jackets lke that since the 1980s. 2 - you to find a job. lam not goirg to support you ‘any longer. 3. After a two-year downturn, showing signs of recovery. 4. Twenty yeors ago, Snapchat did not yet exist. ______ this was the most populor restaurant in the city. Today, however, i's hardly ever full, even on Saturday nights. 6 I colled the police and they got here wes surprised by how quickly they arrived, 7. If my company keeps doing well, we should be able to buy a house in the next : the economy is _.Twilfer Instagram, and couple of yeors, but we're rening an apartment. 8 five years, the city has fom down more than ten Historic buildings. 9 The owners have kept the building with new lighting and an efficient heating system.On your own or with a partner, complete the sentences with your own ideas Using time expressions. 1. For the time being, 'm 2 Slowly but surely, the world / country / city 3 Inarderto stay up to date with technology, | 4 Inthe blink of an eve, 5's about time for me 6 Atone time, this COMPOUND ADJECTIVES {An adjective can be a single word or a phrase of two or more words acting as a single ‘modiier. Depending on the type of phrase and is position in the sentence, the words may need to be hyphenated, Before a noun, a compound adjective should be hyphenated. We need, more up-to-date reference. materials My company just installed state-of-the-art graphics programs on all our computers \When the same phrase appears in other contexts, no hyphenation is necessary. | try to keep my software up to date. This program was state of the arb about ten years ago! en caer] Hl Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1. We need a more fong fern / Jong-lerm solution to this problem 2 This city needs housing for low income / lowsincome families 3. These homes were built at the furn of the century / turn-ofthe-cenfury, but they already need a lot of repair. 4. The neighborhood has implemented a system of one way / one-way streels to ease the increasing volume of traffic. 5 The attisis in this area are quite well known / wellknown. 6 Where there once were apartments, today most of the buildings are single family / single-family homes, 7 Appliances installed in newly constructed homes must meet srict goverment slandards and also be energy efficient / energy-efficient, 8 Asin any fast growing / fast-growing community, we face a number of challenges. White five sentences using a compound adjective from thé firs: column and an ‘appropriate noun from the second column. Compare sentences with a paring Did you choose the same word sets? compound adjectives nouns lowincome homes / windows / ight bub woltknown neighborhood / housing / apartments longterm ‘uthor / song / story energy-efficient Industy / ety / business fast-growing geal / plan / coreLUbrary of Congress (n)_ the ntonal brary ofthe United States posterity (a). the people who wil xs inthe fluro ;porchment (9) the skin of anima that was used inthe past 10, ‘tte on, 0 paper made to look ke this degrade (v)_ to reduce the quality of something ongevity (n)_how long 0 person 21 group of people lives, or how Jong a physical thing generally lass; ifespan ‘Sharpie (n) a brond of permanen! marker pen PREPARING TO WATCH BD AcIwatinevourysiowiede= Work with a partner, Discuss the questions. 1. Do you own @ collection of music or movies? Ist stored or discs in yourhome or in a digital download folder on your computer? 2. Do youstil have any CDs or DVDs? How long do you think they will last? 3. What could you do fo preserve your CDs and DVDs? What other belongings do you have that might need fo'be preserved? [By PreDictING CONTENTUSNG VISUALS) Look at the pictures from the video. Discuss the questions with your partner. 11 What problem do you think the woman is investigating? 2. Why do you think itis « problem? 3. What do you think will be learned by the research the woman is doing? WHILE WATCHING Onu ;EMANIDEAS Watch the video. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the video? 4. The Library of Congress is testing the longevily of CDs every three tofve yeas. «= b_ COsare being aged to help leam which type of manufacturing is bestforcD sO development © How a CD is manufactured, how it has been handled, and how it has been a stored all affect its longevity.DD inomsiaWowNS DEMIS) Watch the video again. Write a detail for each main ideo, 1. Fanella France and her colleagues are studying the preservation of CDs, 2 To test CD durability, the Library of Congress is accelerating aging 3. There are several things people can do to preserve thelr CDs at home, [By MaeineinesreNces! Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 Why is it important for the Library of Congress fo understand CD preservation? 2 What other items might the Preservation Research and Testing depariment of the brary of Congress be researching and testing? 3. What kinds of conditions might negatively affect old books, CDs, lms, ete:? How might they go about testing these items under different conditions? iiz i | Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. APPLY ANALYZE EVALUATE What are some other items Can we really lean from Is there value in that ore usually preserved the pastordo we lecin preserving technology, in national lioraies or Justas much when we media, or buildings in museums? focus on the present and thelr exginal format? the future? Explain your reasons. kx =z &=Ssti‘“‘_OS;‘<‘—i;C;C;C;C;~*™Y 1A. Work ina small group to make an infographic. Do research. Identiy three countries ©F regions where important art, buildings, or records were destroyed in the past or ‘ate threatened tody. 8 Onalarge sheet of paper or poster, draw an outline of the continents of the world Put a dot in ecich country oF region that you identiied in stap A. Near each dot, make a fact box with the following information: + Name of the country + why? + What was/is threatened? + The results + Who threatened/threatens if? © Add visuals of the threatened objects, and share your infographic with the class.ainda Making ineer cry: previewing: reading toking note! Additional Reading Skills Language Development Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. Dn Gece eee Ca ia Pe ee a ae eet ees tee dh eee ede Ree aero i Renner caREADING 1 PREPARING TO READ Td UsiicyourKNoWEDGe’ Find photos of a professional golfer and a professional race car and/or driver. Company logos should be visible on the clothes ‘and equipment in the photos. Write the logos you recognize in the correct column in the chart. Compare lists with «partner. Discuss which logos are the most effective and why.1 wiokasranonsXevWOCAsuUARY Read the sentences and write the words in bold next to the definitions. 11 The judges used specific eriteria fo rate the pertarmanee of the athiates. 2 The initial report said that the business had made a 10% profit last year, but a ‘subsequent report corrected the amount to 7%. There are just a few news stories in the magazine; most of it's devoted to advertising My husband likes traditional art and furniture, but I prefer a more contemporary style. ‘The movie is quite violent, soit Is not appropriate for young children, ‘Access fo food and safe crinking water are both basic human rights. ‘The Red Cross is asking for donations of food and clothing to help victims of the earthquake, 8 The bes! way to retain good employees is to pay them a good solary. (ed) existing orheppening now (9 or and moral treatment that ever person deserves (ed) nest happening after something ee (7) money or goods given in order to help people (1) stondare used for judging something : (910 keep: to continue having (ed) conect or right fora particular tation (ed) for one particular purpose >) By Frevewits You are going to read a chapter from a marketing textbook about logos. Work with a partner. Preview the fext and discuss these questions. 1. How would you answer the fille question? 2. Would you say all of the logos in the text are successful? Why or why not?al Lesa Se) SPA e SUCCESSFUL fe tet LOGO? Te ae is clear and simple. Simp asy to remember, In studi hundred: femembered blue and yellow h the company became curious dd combination of letters thatBF L090 should be flexible enough to ‘adapt across time and placement. We all remember Apple's rainbow-colored design, ich worked in the 1970s, but today would look retro’. The subsequent gray and black Apple logo looks more contemporary, yet itretains the original design. Designers also need to consider where the logo will appear. Will tbe on shopping bags? Coffee cups? Does itneed to shrink down to a tiny icon fon a digital davce, like the Twitter bluebird fr the Facebook #? Will people be able to recagnize it ram far away on the side of ‘truck? More than anything else, a logo needs to tel a story-—to convey the company's identity and evoke an emotional response in the people who see it. But to be successful, the message and the response must be ‘appropriate for the organization that the logo represents. The Toys R Us logo, with its childish handwriting and backwards R, conveys a mestage of fun Its childlike and playful It works for a toy company, but itprobably would not work for a bank or insurance company. EB In contrast, the Fed logo, with the egative space in its block letters forming 2 forward-pointing arrow, looks lke serious Business. fs aim isto inspire confidence: We ‘are a company you can tust your package to. An emotional responce is particularly important for nonprofit? organizations, The World Wide Fund for Nature (MF) hopes that its iconic black and white panda will resonate with the public and encourage people to make a donation to support its {global environmental conservation work ‘on saving the endangered species and their habitats as well as reducing people's footprint for a sustainable future, (Once a logo becemes widely recognized, businesses and organizations often rely more on the logo than their name. The public immediately recognizes the Nike swoosh, McDonald's golden arches, and Target's red and white circies because these logos have become so familar. BI So, what loge did world leaders hope would convey an immediately recognizable and unmistakable message of human rights? ‘They chose Serbian designer Predrag Stakie's lago, which combines the images of a bire anc a hurnan hand, Psat Eley ee ri its logo by getting them trademarked. In the United States, this protection is granted by a one ee cer err arte oo enn ed ee ere This is meant to keep your valuable mark off Cea eee re as eer aes eo oeWHILE READING 1 SAONG FoRWAN IOS! Read the textbook chapter. Then check (V) the statement that gives the most complete and accurate description of a good logo. 12 A.good logo is easy for anybody to recognize ond understand. A good logo expresses a company's identity in @ way that ‘easy fo recognize. o © A.good logo wil last forever in the public's mind. a 4 Agood logo helps the company to make a proft. o TAKING NOIES| Complete the outline with information from Reading 1. Fillin main ‘ideas, details, and examples. Where the outline has extra spaces for examples, ‘add some of your own. Criteria for a successful logo |. Efficient form of visual communication A. simple and easy to remember - _ $0 won't be confused, witn other logos.READING BET NN THE LINES MAKING INFERENCES \Whiters offen suggest ideas but do not say them directly. In this cate, readers need {o infer what the writer means. Infering meaning is an important reading ski Readers combine what the writer says with logic and their own knowledge of the World fo infer the complete meaning ofthe text ] TB MainicineeneNces Work with a partner. Go online and look at the UNI@LO logo. What about its design aroused so much curiosity, do you think? Write down some ideas. IDENTEYING PURFOSE) Think of three nonprofit organizations of different types and ook up their logos. What kind of responses do you think they want to evoke with, their logos? Are they successful? nonprofit, response By Work in small groups. Discuss the questions. ApPLY ANALYZE EVALUATE ‘Choose one of the logos Think of another logo Is he human rights logo Giscussed in Reading 1. that you think is not as successful based on What story do you think it successful as those in the criteria discussed in Js meant to tol? Reading 1.Describe anc Reading 1? Why or analyze is effectiveness. why not? Work in a small group. Imagine that you work for Maple State Bank and that you must create a new logo. Your bank serves ordinary families and small businesses in your city. Design a logo that will relate to your customers and community Present and promote your logo to the class. © As.a.class, vote on the best logo and story.ADING 2 PREPARING TO READ UUSNGYOUR AIOWLEDSE. You are going to read a chapter about rebranding and logos. Look at the table on page 46, Discuss the questions with a partner. 1. Have you ever bought products by the manufacturers on thelist of frequently faked producis? Were you concemed that your purchase was a fake? 2. Why do you think the number of fake BIC products is so large? 3. What types of products are the most commonly faked? Why? 4. How might statistics of fake branded items relate to a reading about rebranding ‘and logos? UNDERSTANDING EY YOCARLLARY Read the sentences and choose the best definition for each vocabulary item in bold. 1. There has been tremendous opposition to the new law requiring voters fo show a photo: Identification cord, a doubts about b disagreement with © misunderstandings about 2. The two sisters resemble each other so much that many people they are twins. 2 look tke b soundlike © compete with 3 This clothing brand is designed fo appeal fo teenage gitls and young women, {send a message to b sellto © be interesting or attractive to 4. For cilong time, the community resisted the proposal to close our school, but we finally had to accept it. «tried to change b ignored © fought against 5. Forailong time, the government has modified its policy so hat more people can apply for financial aid for college. a. changed somewhat b renewed © startedBecause lam tri ly opt for water instead of soft drinks or ju refuse prefer Many people associate specific foods with experiences in thelr childhood, remember in @ postive ‘continue thinking about make @ connection in one's mind with His role in the company has evolved over the past fen years. He began as a salesperson, but now he works with clients fo build new procucts just for their needs, 2 become less useful eveloped slowly © stayed the same Preview the reading on pages 4446. Discuss the questions wit partner. The chapter tile uses the word brand! te describe an action and adds the prefix re. What do you think the process of rebranding involves? Look at the images in this chapter. What rola do you think logos might play in the rebranding process? What are some of your favorite brands of casual clothing and shoes? How do their logos ‘and adverising relate to their company image?CHAPTER6 REBRANDING AND LOGOS yea 1 businesses need to be able to change as markets change. To keep up with changes, they frequently undate their brands and advertising in @ process called rebranding. Rebranding often prompts these companies to redesign their logos at the same time. Take, for example, NBC (the National Broadcasting Company). This . ‘company started in the days of radio, thus the microphone in its original logo from 1944, As it moved into television and then color television, the ccmpany adopted its iconie peacock design in 1956. Since then, it has updated “the Bird” several Ve (@&? Nec 2 Rebranding and new logo designs may be needed because a company has r changed its focus. For example, Xerox, a company whose primary product was, fonce photocopiers, wanted to call attention tothe fact that ft handles a much ‘wider range of document technology now. Some companies may want to change their image because there hove been some negative association with their old ‘one. For example, the logo for oll company British Petroleum (BF) looked lke “ny sign you might see ata ges station, Customers often associate gasoline with climate change and a negative impact on the erwironment, 0 BP opted for = greener” logo, one that resembles 2 sunflower. Kentucky Friad Chicken wanted to distance itself rom unhealthy ied foods. When it redesigned the product's logo, the word “fied” disappeared and only the initials KFC remained. es3 Some brands simply mature and need a new logo to show ts. Many itech Companies, often founded by young entrepreneurs, begin with logos that elect, the age of ther founders the companies are successful and begin to appeal to a wider audionce, they may want to madlfytheirloga. Both Spoty and Snapchat have gone through this process, Spotly’s earlier, youthful lage has recently evolved into simple grephic that evokes sound waves. Snapchats cute ghost has lost it ily face, retaining ony the igure’ outline. > e Spotify" he public general resists changes to familiar logos at rs. However ‘opposition to the new design usualy dies down ater a while, especialy if the new logo retains some familar elements. For example, the new BP loge kept the calor scheme ofthe old logo, andthe new KFC logo retains the brands familiar bearded face o ts founder, Colonel Sanders I there is too much change, however, customers may become confused or reject the change. Executives st PepsiCo found this out when they changed the logo fr one af their brands: Tropicana ‘range juice. Customers were looking forthe familiar orange witha straw; they il not recognize the product with the new logo as Tropicana. Ssles dropped Gramaticaly, and Tropicana beought back the old logo ar >| 5 A fina reason fora new logo design comes fom technology. New platforms! may necessitate modifications. As devices become smell, logos need to be simpler and easier to recognize on a small scale. Companies like Airbnb and PayPal dropped their names and chose simpler graphics fr thei latest logos 30 that users can identily them more easily on ther mobile devices. Spotify: I pitirm he ype of tem» compte or mage ssgp fo Bode gee ©", 6 cangesin tchcgy can pac lini on ogo designs, but hey can alo offer ew lens pertulre more business snd peter nearors tate ace dal enronment, more compres ceatnglgos at are animated ard iterecive- The foemost romp of hiss Googles new lego, LJ. hth sppeored in 2015. The nw loge hos Me same four baicecbrs oe Sid toger ou vonsfoms too nrnoe of eferert mages: depencing onthe product For cramp ate tart of Gougle ole sere, he ogo waters Fr tour dots nthe Google color then ne fur wiggling ines tat ok ke Doon waves 7 New logos can be expensive. The sunflower logo cost BF close to $200 millon, and Tropicana lost $33 milion on ite ew logo, Ye, for most companies, the process can injact new energy into s brand! ands therefore considered worth the investment. Figure 1 Fake Branded Items Seized by Customs Officials Worldwide, 2014 : ay ass acgedmaaas aaa ated ict soit 7 Elte (comeras, clothing. ete.) 1.630.000 ot Dany Groene asa secre Groene vaoisan Source: World Customs Organization, Nov 2015 aRead the excerpt on pages 44-46. Then check (v) all the circumstances mentioned in the reading that might prompt a company to redesign its logo, ¥@ company wants fo appeal fo younger consumers in technology require it © The public does not Ike the old logo. odooa The company wants the public to forget about something negative FORDEIALS Match the reasons for a logo redesign to the company. 1 need to ft logo on mobile devices @. Bish Petroleum 2. company and founders have maturect b Google 3. wider range of products © Snapchat 4. opportunities provided by new technology Xerox 5 negative associations © NBC 6 need to refresh look over time f PayPal Design Trust i Advertising Marketing: meas identitiyUSING AN OUTLINE TO TAKE NOTES Using an outine fo fake notes on a reading can hell deepen your understanding of the reading and help you remember more ofthe details, Main ideas provide the basic organization for an outline, with supporting details listed urclemeath them, Outlines do not always need to be formal ike the one on page £0, with numbers, letiers, and single words. You can use a ess formal organization fo take more extensive, but lass formal, notes. 1] WAAnC NOTES) Read the article again. Take notes using the informal structure below. Compare your notes with « pariner. Change in focus Wl. Brand has matured UL, Problems with rebranding IV, Impact of changing technologya Work with a partner. Choose the statement(s) that can you infer from Reading 2. Discuss your reasoning, A peacock is immediately associated with the idea of. The founders of Spo iy were young when they started the company, The new BP logo was a success. The face on KFC’s logo Is an important element of the brand, oooog (Other companies now have animated logos ike Google's Exeren MN Ones H Work with a partner. Use ideas from Reading 1 and Reading 2 to discuss the questions. Describe your response Choose one of he pairs. Haw important do you toa specific logo,and —_of logos discussed in think a logo is for a brand? ‘compare it fo your Reading 2.Why do you Support your idea with partner’. think the compary made excmples, the change? RxSenTe ven Work in a small group. Brainstorm a Ist of atleast three logos that you think are net attractive or effective, Take notes on your discussion, B Choose one of the logos fo improve. Decide on some changes that would make the logo batter. Re-design your logo on a poster board or computer. Present "before" and “after” versions of the logo to the class, and explain your changesANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT DESCRIBING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES Study the table of common verb + noun collocations used to describe emotional responses. Do these expressions describe positive, negative, or mixed responses? verbs rouns response evoke —_fe0ing(s), memories. emotions mixed inspire confidence, ewe, fear © ‘rouse Interest curios, suspicion. anger e sirup rouble, postion feelings. anger ‘ generate interest excitement, enthusiosm e provoke response, contoversy outage. angec aniiety 1 Complete the sentences with an appropriate collocation. In some items, more than one answer is possible. 11 The man wore a hat pulled down over his eyes ond a large coat that seened 10 be covering something. His appearance immediately : 2. The new law that requires non-citizens fo carry @ special identity card at all times has ——__ 3. The new tine of computer products and accessories has alot of ‘among tech-savy buyers. 4. With his strong postions and years of experience, the presidential candidate: aman ‘among voters. 5. The insults against he rap singer ‘an angry —__from his many fans, 6 Songs from the post often hoppy — EJ Write three sentences of your own using some of the collocations in the table in Exercise 1 fo describe emotional responses. 1PARAPHRASIN \When you paraphrase, you put another person's ideas inte your ewn words. Use synonyms: and different grammatical structures fo express the ideas in a new form without changing their meaning. You may also need to arrange the ideas in a different order. Changes in technology can place Limits on logo designs, but they can also offer veew options. At the same time that emerging technology restricts logo designs, ib can also open up new possibilities. Ifyou use identi phrasing from the orginal text. you must use quotation marks. Paraphrase the sentences. 1. Logos are symbols commonly used by companies and other organizations to promote their identiy and! to increase public recognition. 2 Many companies choose logos that reflect their names, origins, or products 60 that consumers can easily assaciate the logo with the company, 3. Coloris a crucial element of any logo because colors help anchor the logo in consumers’ memories, allowing them fo distinguish the logo from other, similar logos, 4 Logos of sports teams, found on clothing, souvenirs, and olher merchandising products, ore a major source of revenue for teams. G] Paraphrase two sentences from Reading 1 that describe the criteria for a successful logo.‘endemic (oc). found particulory mn a specic area or group zany (oc!) surprisingly ciferent and strange, and therefore ‘Gmusing and interesting !ypearephy (0) the dos owing in a pece of ng orn Helvetica (0) a typeface or font that has clean, smooth lines In full swing (adv) a the height of an actly ‘authoritarian (adj) demanding ttc obecience to one's cuthosty PARING TO WATCH Bem a DDGE) Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1. How have ads changed in your lifetime? 2 What companies spend the most on advertising? 3 What ate some subtle ways that companies fy fo influence what you buy? Ba Look at the pictures from the video. Discuss the questions: with your pariner. 1. Which ads co you think are more effective? Why? 2 How doas the look of the letfers—the font—differ in each picture? How do you think the font atfects the look of a logo, ad, or sign? 4 Doyou think the font affects the way people perceive the information? If so, how big a ditference does it make? What are the benefits of simple lettering? >H Watch the video. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the video? he ad for ¢ las the most effective od eve Mony corporations today use Helvetica because it communicates a clear message, Companies like to use Helvetica today so they appear strang and authortarian,1 UNDERSTANDING DETALS) Watch the video again. Write examples ior each main idea. 1 In the 1950s, bad typography was prevalent, 2. Helvetica has several characteristics that make it successful, [Ey MiskineiwreneNces) Work with a partner. Discuss the questions. 1 Why do you think there was a wide variety of lettering designs in the 1950s? 2. How do you think the man feels about the use of exclamation points? How do you know? 3. Why do you think a corporation or government wants to appear accessible? How might that benefit consumers and citizens? : ki = # | Bl Discuss the questions with your parin ap APPLY EVALUATE Describe an ad orsign that Describe an ad orsign Which type of leering ‘you find very attroctive that you find diffcult o_o you preter the Why do you think itappeals read or unpleasant to typography in the ads to you? look ct. What Is the from the 1950s, or the problem with i? ‘ones of today? Why? k= #@& # &8€=—h...C..CUCU«&d EI A. Workin a small group. Skim at least five print or digital ads. Choose a font (other ‘than Helvetica) that is used in one or more of them, Find the following information about the font: + is name. + Its advantages + who designed it + its disadvantages ‘+ when itwas designed + your response to it + ifs original use © Organize @ short group presentation, and present your findings fo the class.aN: LEARNING OBJECTIVES sabulary us ails; takin Pe uaa es Se ee ae ec eaten Pace Oe ea ae Deedee See uur eae ee RcaEADING 1 PREPARING TO READ Hl unmsstaNoiNG Kev VOCABIVIRY) Read the sentences and wie the words in bold next to the definitions. 1. We guarantee that you will not find a cheaper price for this computer anywhere, 2 She felt doep anger and humiliation when she learned thal her private emails and photos had been published on the internet. The children had experienced years of abusive physical and emotional treatment. Several athletes had to withdraw from the game because af injuries. ‘She was in the hospital, so no one could doubt the validity of her excuse for missing the deadline. 6 She is extremely upset at the moment because she has justheard some very disturbing news. 7. The journalist claims that he received the information from an anonymous source. ‘The person would not give his or her name. 8 This action was not only unacceptable, It also violated his basic human rights, (ad)) bad and cruel: causing another person mental or physical harm, (2a) upsetting: causing worry (W) to promise absolutely or legally Sansnnne (9) reasonableness of acceptably (2d) unidentified or unidentitable (W) to break, such as a law or agreement =aaeee (p) shame and loss of sellvespect (W) to stop participating zarteaod | LUSGYOURKNOMLEDGE, You are going fo read an atlicle about cyber harassment. Work with a partner to complete the tasks. 1 Use.a dictionary fo ind the meaning of each part of the term, cyber: 5 harassment: 2. Now explain to your partner what you think cyber harassment means.omething about the tc Useful fo know before you begin reading. Quickk jing the first sentence of each paragraph can give you a good idea of willbe about. at the atch B rev Preview the article on pages 58-59 by reading the first sentence of each Paragraph. Check (7) the topics you think will be discussed in the article. Compare answers with a partner. After you finish reading, come back to check your predictions, 2 acomparison between online and faceoface harassment «= b_ reasons why cyber harassment continues to occur o © a description of cyber harassment a 4 how victims can fight against people who harass them a © a description of people who engage in cyber harassment a 1 an explanation of the legal issues in cyber harassment aBloggers like Amanda Hess know about it, Journalist Caraline Criado-Perer is also familiar with it. Online gamer Jenny Haniver knows it al to0 well They all know about ‘cyber harassment because they have all been victims. Cyber harassment ranges from behavior such as name calling Coniine to more disturbing behavior, including threats of violence, posting embarassing photos, nd spreading Personal or fase information online. In the most serious asa, asin those of Hess, Criaco-Perez, and Haniver, the harassment continues over a long period of time, with ‘humerous offensive and threatening posts every day. “oun oie Bh A. 2014 survey revealed that this kind of harassment is quite common, Trolls and Victims Almosttivee-quarters of al Internet J Who is saying and doing al of have seen it happen, and 40% have these nasty things and why? The worst cexperienceditpersonaly. thas been behaviors believed to come from so suggested that even these figures may called trols, Intemet userswho distupt not reflect the ull extent of the problem. —_ntemet communication wth negative Cyber harassment is particulary common and ofensive actions and comments ‘among younger Intemet users, and nese individuals take pleasure wwomen are morelikely to experience its in naling other users causing more serious forms. Criado-Perez made them hurmation and pan. Studies the suggestion online that the Bark of suggest that some ofthese people England should put more women on their have mental or emotional problems banknotes. Forthis idea, she received however, experts believe tat many nundreds of hostile comments against no engage in onkne abuse her personally and against womnen more _Sre stherwise unremarkabee people generally, Haniver was the victim of arseing others simply bring them ongoing abusive comments and thrests the attention and exetement tat their for apparentiyno other reason than she ives in the offine world may lack. The was an assertive female gamer. Blogger cover ofthe Inteme allows them, and Hess received similar eatment. You can perhaps even encourages tem, fo easily find examples of eyber harassment behave in ways that they rever would on social media, in the com section of many blogs an expecially in the onlin ebsites, and ming wor