Icha Basle Compt & Definitions R & sail to be Anivial TH > Jacivicel ong + A sing R= to. © Le} (ont) et cubolicrn goour Let us clefine the Betencl bo On Rw Gb=o Vabeb whee 0 ddentity of Ot Thon Contd form sing bs ceulltel 010 sting sw rung (mol Conese) > ZH ding > df R15 aniviel Seng then Ris ba CommrateliNl €. => A ong of podme orelor be Cornmutulil ¢. la A sing of odor po mag net &% asf [ee : a, bers } > The broellest NOM commrctieli = A RV & oneloe & b Corereneciuttil €- > quo olivisol * tot R we a xing 4 OFAER. hen @ te Said to fae Zoo cuvisoe Ff FoFbeER such ther abzo.g bb culled © fe Ghasswedtion, * @ iy wer we xing esith uvily let VLR) aenohe the eel cut emits of Rg ZCR) climotes the cult zaH0 vino, oh R Then zin)nuir)= 4 Ud Thm een oN ZOO clumont is efthor a unit 0 Xow dividsost. GH) hens OF LE 1 veait FHL Camm) = wre. 3cing, fo of ostelon 4 dv) + aii A stings having. fffuite ctemunts cehich cree welt tumils “nor xa divia0.. Scanned. with CamScanner

Skew fietel s A RU w scticl TO be Skew fielel s e FY catchy mre EL element fets muutpLicative frverse qh ty allo kmawn cl —divibion >ting ci) Emery SR field w i Commutative. the equation at=b fh a Unique ui apo mn sun: Rg, 4 ne js Sividion OG: gotution, then ® > felts A cormrnutetive dketw flelel is elective OU fiele chy eulecy fietel is dmbegueet domain, W eety ini 7 i ielel gi) every finite ao és field, . wind ap & Yell TH pbs paiene ti) Bey finite gre field & fielel _» qiilpotent element + iy R be a king & OER Thea a is xd te milpetenl eltnen hy qnein y d=o > Tdempatent element ¢ Lot R bea sing der. The ae ia dail to be Kom potent comm if d= a o Net A) dn am 1D 04 T HE the only ctelompotent clernent ui) In do dees net Posse seem S Om non “esto nilpotent: Hit) dh a 1S telompotent them 1-a is also telermpatent patent: av Ya Bb ail Pofemi elemont Of incley ' ti-a) is unit: bind oe fy RU They, Scanned with CamScannerlel R ke RUG ceR fy Bericl to be anijpoient fh d-ct tS ailpotem = Facto : Let R be crv y a,b ER. “Then bis ‘sald jo be facor OF & tk cers beac. — Unilpotent Element * ; 4 clone By j element > A MeN WL NEM arait > ee is datiel to be fnorecucible elemeny MY — ¢ i tus no propor fuclore 1 R ly prime element + Wi R be A CRU thea @ non x0, colle pstime eloment tt | | | | | mon umil element PER & Plab => eifhot pla at plb oobsenvelion + (oe ci) Thee may pe eodst fout not — frrstecluci ble. eg. Hm My .2 19 Prime lout mst be exist xing R ushtch eve (11 e a sting R which COL pdme elomen | \ | fusteckd ¢ib] & eclucible. (Gi) Thee may eck mot patie — elornentt: ; ee, Lvs] = tarbvs. abeny, 3 is fsa but nél psttme. ld) dy 2d. alory prime elernent [5 Pbtecucible. Fury) Uattis Wri] = aaed hig ww) Unite m= 44-4) WH) VIM iP) = Olen, FD wit) for dez, ZO) = fatbva} abe fs LD, Cutid for dezT, eva) to ffeld. Scanned. with CamScannergic ok 2 Bina? ale Wilegor™ jp deticl 19 be eheyeercte, the Smet ulead esdatic Oh 244 R elton zaslo O91 priteng povoperticr jo PSLOPE Dl . /3) Th cheveet leriSt'© of tO \ }a) The ; site {lela 15 o} the fpstva pa |) The curetincell of {init : | qo Some patie Pog HEF 3) fae alote 2 [ene ay en | tet m= fh pr. & aa se = No of Nilpotent tr n= gow’ & a > no of folompotent Mm By = _ show b= me of intact patie aivibon of 1 Scanned. with CamS :ontent SpulciM Le Dy (Zen, Fm) — Ao of mits = dim) ~ Ulm) = UxEZm) cum) =) - eMleuy Mon oto elumeont {6 eithor unit O\ Zoro divibon - Mo of Feo divisor => 4hm) -L - Lfsi of Xelo divisor = AXE Lm | (uerny 1Y = ra To LD Cfield) Thy mo patime. — List of wilpetent fa Dn = Lye € To \ Ret. J 2) Ve {Sed of cut fundtiow fiom @ © RY amity. — y tus tmity fh eb commutelive Th RTS cormmudelive sting - vi fs ~ viis melee LD een tf} ab 10 - V alsays five tafinike 2HL0 divigore exten Ty R15 TO ~ V fo finite TH R 5 Anite ning, eshicn cou TeTRoL 70 divisoN MON Units - $ element in VV e By es dak of at continuss $) fpiom Rk to RY - Ve Wy unity (Comnmuttive) ff R has tmity Comm) - Ve neler LD alen fh R fo 10 ~ Wy bey Y odhtch ey CourttubLe x00 either x00 divioe enon unity fy fh tus ct Leuat one Zoe ~ amy {> ashtch deeb net renie zesto fe unit Scanned with CamScannerater, BERS 1 Ry OL Ccormmuitll We > Rxe = tab) * =R {5 connate eg hus untly TH — ais never +o Ff Rie Re ry poth Ria ® rate nity aw en jnivial. Uy Boole sling + A sing R & geil to be Boolecin sng ff at of fh elvmuent ee iclempotont = Boolean xing és caleserys Comrade. — ch cr) =e bY maatix ating |. i oR fo omy Matin) ts ‘on Comm cotth Uti = MallR) Tuy %oU0 divigo Jt. = compu of suing Matk) 19 aot Of oll Seorleve emethsti cry tH oR fo tormmutul ve. = 4 bet o} cut tontinusd MY plom Tou] to RY 2 (Mam ts % *) 2 thee e on Gan privied xing 4 0% ey Clot] -cfot) 15 CRY. - Aho we tafinite mumbot Of units = lou (P oshich we mot KEL cut amy pelnt fp unit Scanned with CamScannergah tad Pe a. sing, Then non empty bubat 6 Ob yp cult — Subpsing of BH (52h, 28 lng, ~ Subsuing Test > sat a son tun 5 8 subsing of ati yayb 65 diyabes cil) abES © Subfiete = A non empty Subst 6 of field F i Salel fo pe aupfield of F Ty 5 forms & fied gaelve the Bo oF je Sursd'n + chseaxellor ¢ — comie of O% is field. — 4 a sing atin urat g bul subniing hu mo watly, 1. ' Fs a . Mn= U8 rabid Cm 5 {les) » ae my Lb » unit] Rs) ayaitt (ee = da xtng sith wir] 4 punting, aoitthout tally, gra, 3 QTL. 2.4 cn ue conn suing astih com, subning _ 4a oiing ovithout avathy tausing dubbting sth, unfiy | - gum of wo gubating of sting reel mo} bee sunning safe) cameeny THUG) 6M _ th a tubing axe Gm henle mort shan one sobulion, - th ® bs dulsyting ol xing a trem a) th chely, en Ron folte twa CHS ch, b) Tosa Rhee berm amity then chs = ch Scanned. with CamScannerHefeteeel 2 ee sein ciel 40 be te a1 of 748 ec tele PLO iy fA suubssel vate t, MER, BE aa waded Hy cteleeel =p Seeing (aot Coniorde J = sum 4 pro cluct of wo Adel ‘Sa I of ding By tell ob R- aa¢ itd A be om Teled, > tat R be Oo ning aoith unity do op R 4 ded tun IER. ig Rw RU TE deal OF BR wy ued tum 1=R (> lot F he oe fielel Then joy a F wu omlf (dels oh F @ sobsewellon + ci) TER OS CR then wir) = tal OER, M=04 1s om tdeul nin) corlted ail nacliced Of R tn R. ti) tiny ted oF wen ¢ 5 Of Te Yom ros ¥NTL. tii) ap R 1 comnutatile sung Adyar Ey ER thon qe RG TARGET 4A 15 cm tdeul fr R Tv clivbiby @ Hilts fermen p00 tiv) NUt_) ie. ail yudiad o bby detest of potimne: Co methine Llels + Aa of ring R beulb Hing deje a ow wo Udetws Le Cutleel Co = rnenthmal cleelts . ~ UAT = 4409) Pe tp Ly] R Then = ind } 74m 5 j Ptn) = ay = geclema) u 4m) an) = = ) = sby = tom Cmyn) Scanned. with CamScannerfH) Ts Mon FaLO Pely We Gr Ott FON & aot, on 0% FO Legge e fh O° Let Fp cut Lees -fin tw o * Rome ¢ 4 we clo mot clofine cleqoue of ow poly. era geo gmat 48g fed, deg gry ay ty tage ze 9 hog (Av o)) < daft deg rt) guiowlelee] 3y ty frog) +o 9 leg tng deg arn 7 deg YO @ yay gk fe 1D thea egy L909) = {ogy 0 cro then REX] ts CRUD R ee obo Uni y REY OL dome. ay Ab ouing @ is aydy @ be CRO hon Units of its 0} REA. 3) Uy R te 20 thea Unite of R ny dp RTS RUM have roto diviboot thm RET meg © hale roost than erate R sy dp R ts AD then ROI fo 10. cy ay R FS Ffelel thon REC fs 10. lay ty RES ffelel Thon an elomentt of ROD fh | _.gatitts * fu non xv1o consitiny poly ovlel R. ey TU RTS mon 4aivial sting thoy ROI fs always tattatte ating, ay chiQh=m wy ft fs sand a > (x) id ddenl of ROD 5 Ra} evo field. 5 untls | | Scanned with CamScannertell Then RE nf RGD say Tp R be cRV A ze Fad | | be sting Then RED wR, | ley Ler R 4 a hy pis Pi ob BR then PED TS PA of RE | ym i mt of R jhe Me ts MA oy ROO 1A 2 we) his) Ree > RO) © . fy tee Ot WT Ade ERM b Htey tet R he CR acon zoo divibort jhe Aa eltenent po fn poe PE. = bth = 9 [gay tee AED = tae... deD ERED thew ca) Hex) TS umfl Pr RUDE) ay 8 UAHT HSH Sar~ dn weg I | ‘1 4 fm ee a An OL soilpoient In R. gy nilpotent Hh Gerth (by Fr) © RED “Tw = 4exy Jet) 5), eithor sed=0 0b beg ut) < deg Gru) Remainder Theoitem. * | lt F be a Yelel gq cer & fOOe FEI tim Fea) | | | fo sternetindor Shen ete 1 F000 Ie The Fevetost “Thwosin, * | a i coro of fo) Fhy cea) fs factor of fed Scanned. with CamScannerScanned. with CamScanner2, Rasusbilily “Wet fo Soe 24 3: lot F be a field FOE FEI % cleg HS 2 On B the is sectuci ble ovet F fH 4) Aes xoxo In F. a) E | fo 3) ot dnencg Ty 1 it) geducibe ole A. Steducible oer TL thea tt io /4) Mod. P foPteduedbility Seat = | tot P-pxiae. c Suppoee thee} #60 Eb estth deg $74. tor dpe be poly ta obtuine| torn ted by sieclucing au the co-ebhi of fred nodule P th fon to fysieducdite oVet Wp leq 4eu) = clag {p00 Phan. to te putedycible over O- 5) lo} F Re filel © cer a are 1 oF, ten ft) ws ful ole F a) ap ct) fs it Ove ba fra) 15 HE ool Fy tun tO” ” ” r ) ty fara) ao” ” Fy ” ” wo ” : 6) Gisenstelas Caifetion. 3 Lot Het) = anak tna Et = FM EET] th Ja patie Pf fuch thet Plo, Pid, ... Pldar & PI s Sia, ther fia) ts brieducible ollor GL. DU Pb pdmw wumbot, then the poly ep ts jt Oller @. @ Lyoeelucibility of FP cyclotonte. polyrenniott : pct) = et, fai ta 5 [wr ovo Ru Scanned with CamScanner| Frobrendtion * | sts of 2] of the fete ay Maximal dele Apdo 4 HD) [4en, ger € me}, ehow pace | APS XY = 2) mo Of sueeluci blo poly of the form Sraxtb cer Tp | ge et) drartb vet Tp | z of foecebucitole ply of the {pom | |) mo | cue pur) | 2 4) dxy 15 pa of nt bul et mi of nod s)anty & Md A qu) 3 cer Mt o| BLO @ » yor F be co fjetel esti © elements thor Lit) = “Ip BUlp® -- xtp & (Fe, 2) & ILp.4, ony tied lai-doroe, Tenganlend “Unease, + fia. Ped ef. Tha tpooy 6 Mi fh bata) ity lot F be | My pen fs fot ole FL a) Wor F be Oo field PO is por poly over F Hho @ «ts Fda. £o? j 3) ly te = GL te te FUTT cy ELL] % My tO wet Ge pea foe buch theet 414) =O SOnpet Them BNA, 1% 4) don exh pstime Po fielel 9} caredinallity pl. yneinl Scanned. with CamScanner[+ consyuion of} Such fielels % ly dake a Pet Poly pix) IM Zplt) Of clogsuce 1, i“ Male Tolecel 19. HF obsouyetion. o\ ci dR is ffelel thon ROX f5 EO. aeR thin Oo fo pitme element th} ED, PLO. VED + E®; PEP. ui): tee! eu? PLD 4 a fw lecluci ble element of R. =) Hetty ber Ro be PLO. eohich te mot fielel. Le <7 mh oM4 | thy a ts got clement oF R. tiv) ler R bE pin 2 ee om ‘Teel of R, THR They 41. fo Palme adel TH dei MA ts Pip then alory cwencling chain ot ideuls w) dy R doy CARY ES... XO S (vt) The quotieni Ping of p10 by polime Ucled fs Pio wil dp Rt Eo eith monn AL omd “teR be , cucbikwes fron ce ty trait FY} Nea)= Ned : (ulti) ey R he’ EO with mov vl g@ a,b be two non zYLY eemonls Of R. Then b fy net units of A ‘bh Nea) 2 Nab) f> Halte Scanned with CamScanneraE te Content of polynornll : os JO) = Int Igy Ly CUT A Ce allot R. “Ihe content Buch th i mor divisor Of Ap, Oa To of 40) {5 goieet test Cony dimoted by 6) te pritifile polymoenie : : wl is 4 ron ty coulleel a ot polymer prrntive — pele e-6143 7 paita fHie 4+ pnnecluci ble = toe > HD) = fe -s146 7 puimittie * neelucible. 3 po = ate > mot printtive + fomeelucib! & 5» pop eat-& > meitror primitbile gost pisedtucible. >t! Ri uFD thea omy feo ERD to BO eyment fT Yh fino, den 15 aa (Ul ement of R OM fir) Ye Ow foynvecletci ble potirnit file poly of RU Scanned. with CamScanner