INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

Mid-Autumn Semester 2022-23

Date of Examination: /12/2022 Session (FN/AN): Duration: 2 hrs Full Marks: 60
Subject No.: BS10003 Subject: Science of Living System
Department/Center/School: School of Bioscience
Specific charts, graph paper, log book etc., required: None
Special Instructions (if any): None

Part A
1. Answer the
following questions showing full calculations:
a) 100 template DNA molecules arc 13 X 2-61
PCR amplificd for 25
cycles in a 100 ul reaction mixture. How many
products will be there in 0.01 ul of solution after
amplification? amplificd
b) Oneundergrad student is repeating Anfinsen's experiment with an
FIVE disulfide bonds. What is the total enzyme that has TEN cysteine residues and forms
number of possible disulfide bond combinations that
in the denatured can be formed
protein? randomly
c)In an alien species, there are only 2
types of nucleotides (instead of 4 types in humans) but codons are 4
lf each type of
codon specifies one unique amino acid, how many possible amino nucleotide long.
they have only one stop codon. acids can be coded. Also consider
that

2. (a) The diagram on the night represents heat denaturation TO Heat Denaturation
curves of nucleic acids. B
State the difference between of DNA

in terms of their base

sample A and B (both are double
stranded DNA samples)
composition and explain your answer.
21

30
(b) The diagram on the right depicts the Temperature ("C)
S

of
replication. Identify these letters (i.e., A toprocess
F) from
following ist (each option will be used only the Replication of DNA: The Basic
Concept
ONCE): S
13 SB (single strand binding) Proteins
DNA primer RNA primer
5' end
Leading strand Polymerase ll
3 end
Lagging strand
Polymerase I Ligase Helicase
Okazaki fragment
Initiator Proteins
Write your answerS as per the 1ollowing table:
primaseZ
B
Polymerase ll
-
5'3

--- A

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 the resulis of Messclson-Stahl cxperiment in the formnat
Startinyg DrNA
A(c) Show lndicate the location of the DNA
given in the figure
on nght. the

gencration, after 2 gencration and aftcr 3d 1 "getue.itn

band(s) aficr 1"
n the diagram. Location of
generation usng
3 test tubes as shown " gene.ton )
of cxpcrment is shown m the top most
DNA at the begmmng
13 dgenraton
tube.
Directon of centrifuy.l force

contans two cxons (Ex-) and Ex-2)

and one intron with the following
discovered gene which
a new
3. (a) You have 180 bp.
Draw Ex-1:
)iengths: a schematic Ex-2: 165
180 bp;diagram bp; Intron:
of mature mRNA (1.c., after procesSing) transcribed from the above-mentioned gene.2

and poly A tail.

5' and 3' ends, mRNA cap
Indicate thc following in your diagram
of the translated protein?
(i1) What will be the length mRNA from the information provided above?
Is it possible to calculate the exact length of mature
(ii)
tRNA: 141
statements with rRNA, mRNA,
or
b) Match the following of RNA in the cell
the highest percentage
(i) RNA that makes up rnbosomes
with proteins to form
(1) RNA that combines
amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
(11) RNA that brings
synthesis
(iv) RNA that acts asa template for protein

shown in the figure. Basedthat:

on çoo HN-
(a) Stucture of 3 amino acids
are
4.
structure of the peptide Val-Ala-Leu and label the
() Draw the complete 12 H,N- CH
peptide bonds.
at the core or at the surface of CH, H CH CH, CH
Would you expect to find this segment Leucine
(11) Alanine Valine
globular proteins. Why? 13
fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below
(b) For each of the following sentences, be used only once)
will be used; each word or phrase should
Not all words or phrases

ionized polypeptides a-carbon

amino
peptide bonds side chains noncovalent carboxyl
gTOup at2ched to
built from amino acids, which each have an amino group and a.
Proteins are
ihe central There are twenty possible . _that differ in structure and are generally referred to as
R." In solutions of neutral pH, amino acids are carry1ng both a positive and negative charge. When a protein
is made, amino acids are linked togetherthrough (3 marks)

Part B
5. Write down the (ONE) correct answer in your answer script.
[10 X2 20 marks

( ) Estimate the length o f the protein coded by the following DNA sequence. Start and stop codons are in oe letters
introns are underlined

5'GCACATATGGCGATACGAAGGGGACGCGGcGGACAGGGCCGTTGCGTTTAAGGTTGl3
(A) 10 (B) 11 (D)9
(C) 13

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(i) A 990 nucleotide long Eukaryotic nascent mRNA has a 60 nucleoude long intron. But the mature mRNA available for
translation 1s found to be 1100 nucleotide long. What may have causcd the increased length of the mature nRNA?
(A) Splicing (B) S° capping (C) Poly-A lailing (D) Reverse transcription

(1) Amutationim the lac-Tepressor gene removes the allolactose bind1np site of the lac-repressor protein. What will be the
effect
on the activity of the lac
operon system?
ALactose metabolizing enzymes will be produeed irnespective ofthe presence or abscnce of lactose
(B) Glucose metabolism will be blocked
(C) Lactose will not be metabolized because the enzymes will not be synthesizcd
(D) lac-repressor protein will not be able to bind the operator site of the operon

vWhich one of the following statements regarding CGrifith's experiments is INCORRECT? (S smooth, R rough)
(A) S strain bacteria killed the mice
(B) R strain bacteria were not able to kill the micec
(C) Heat-killed S strain bacteria killed the mice
(D) A mixture of heat-killed S strain bacteria and live R strain bacteria killed thc mice

(v) Which of the following is in correct order

(A) Transcription, Transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm, mRNA
(B) Transcription, mRNA Splicing, Transport of mRNA from nucleus to
Splicing, Translation, Protein folding
(C) Transcription, Transport of mRNA from nucleus to
cytoplasm, Translation, Protein folding
cytoplasm, Poly-adenylation,
(D) Transcription, mRNA splicing, translation, Transport of mRNA from nucleus to Translation,
Protein folding
cytoplasm, Protein folding
(vi)How many hydrogen bonds will be formed
between a codon of mRNA and
codon and CUG as anticodon here)?
an anticodon of tRNA (consider GAC as
(A) 6 (B) 7
(C)8 (D) 9
(vii) The coding region of a ge is 102
nucleotides long, including both start and
wouid be the most likely effect of a stop codons. Which of the following
single nucleotide deletion at position 61 in the
(A) There would be no effect on the coding region?
(B) The entire amino acid sequence of
polypeptide
the polypeptide would change
(C) There would be changes only in the first 20 amino acids
(D) There would be changes only after the first 20 amino
acids
(viii) In
alpha helix and beta sheets, the hydrogen bonds are
(A) parallel to the helical axis and
perpendicular to the beta
(B) parallel to the helical axis and parallel to the beta strands.strands.
(C) perpendicular 1o the helical axis and
(D) perpendicular to the helical axis and perpendicular
to the beta strands.
parallel to the beta strands.
ix) The rate of protein
synthesis in prokaryote is hmited by the rate of mRNA
rate of 45 nucleotides/sec, then the rate of synthesis. If mRNA synthesis
(A) 45 amino acids/sec
protein synthesis occurs at: occurs at the
(B) 20 amino acids/sec
(C) 135 amino
acids/sec
( We have 64 (D) 15 amino acids/sec
codons, out of those threee are
stop codons. On the other hand, we
rotein As a result of that one amino acid can
be coded by have 20 amino
acids
mino aCcid at the translation site and muluple codons. Durng that constitute a

which
recognize
one of the following statements is most codon througn its anlicodon translation,
tRNA brings corTect
plausible? sequence. Based on the above
(A) Should have 20 different types of tRNA information.
ior
(B) Should have less than 20 different types of tRNA
(C) Should have 64 different types of tRNA
(D) Should have more than 20 and less than 64 different types of tRNAA

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 the (ONE) correct answer in your answer script. 10X 10 mark
6. Write down
revcals thal it c o n t a n s only nucleotides (i, A, Tand i the
an unknown inteclious agcnt
(i) A penetic analysis of Based on thus information, this infectious agent 1s most livel
Atian 30 %. 35 %, 15 % and 20 %, respectively. Single-stranded DNA vius kely
Double-stranded DNA vius (3)
(A) Not cnough information is providcd
Single-stranded RNA vinis (D)
(C)
best describes a promoter:
(1i) Which of the following from where transcrption
starts
(A) A specific DNA scquence that tcrmination of transcription
DNA sequence promotes
(B) A specific which RNA polymerasc binds
to
(C) A specific DNA sequence
inducer that controls gencs expression
(D) An extracellular
statements is FALSE
differcnt sized DNA migrate at different ratc; which of the following
(iii) In gel electrophoresis
regarding this?
migrate faster
(A) Smaller DNA molecules
to mass
(B) Different DNA molecules separate according in the applicd clectric field gradient
and hence migrates towards the negative terminal
DNA is positively charged
(C) which fluoresces under UV light
(D) DNA is visualized in the staining with ethidium bromide,
gel by

(iv) DNA present in E. coli is circular

linear (B) Double stranded, right-handed,
(A) single-stranded, left-handed, right-handed, linear
circular (D) Double stranded,
(C) Single stranded, right-handed,
and is 1n nature.
(v) Backbone of DNA and covalently
RNA is linked through
(B) phosphodiester bond, hydrophobic
(A) phosphoester bond, hydrophobic
(C) phosphoester, hydrophilic (D) phosphodiester bond, hydrophilic

(vi) How are secondary structures stabilized in proteins?

side chains.
(A) Through ionic bonds between oppositely charged amino acid
different of the peptide backbone.
(B) Through covalent bonds joining parts
(C) Through hydrogen bonds between different amino acid side chains.
(D) Through hydrogen bonds joining different parts of the peptide backbone.

(vii) The amino acid ofa protein wbich occupies the largest area in the Ramachandran plot.
(A) Alanine (B) Glycine (C) Cysteine (D) Phenylalanine
(viii) Hemoglobin and RNA polymerase are exampies of
(A) Two of the most complex proteins present in our body. (B) Tertiary structures of protein.
(C) Quaternary structures of protein. (D) Proteins that are available in all of our cells.

(ix) Which of the following pairs ofamino acids might contribute to protein conformation by forming electrostatic
interactions? (Hints: Nonpolar: Glycine, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine, Positively charged: Lysine and Arginine;
Negatively charged: Glutamate and Aspartate)
(A) Glycine and aspartate (B) Glutamate and lysine
(C) Phenylalanine and tyrosinec (D) Lysine and arginine

(x) Choose the enzyme that is not a protein:

(A) RNA polymerase (B) DNA polymerase (C) DNA ligase (D) Peptidyl transferase

End

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